CN105075699A - Method for increasing yield of fruit of forsythia through grafting - Google Patents
Method for increasing yield of fruit of forsythia through grafting Download PDFInfo
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- CN105075699A CN105075699A CN201510638721.XA CN201510638721A CN105075699A CN 105075699 A CN105075699 A CN 105075699A CN 201510638721 A CN201510638721 A CN 201510638721A CN 105075699 A CN105075699 A CN 105075699A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of production methods of Chinese medicinal herb plants and discloses a method for increasing yield of fruit of forsythia through grafting. According to the method, another variety of forsythia is uniformly grafted in the concentrated distribution area of one variety of forsythia, that is, short style varieties are grafted in the concentrated distribution area of long style varieties, or the variety of long-styled forsythia are grafted in the concentrated distribution area of the variety of the short-style forsythia. The method specifically comprises steps including determination of variety types of to-be-grafted forsythia, scion collection, grafted plant selection, grafting and the like. By means of the method, the fructification percentage of forsythia is greatly improved, and the yield is correspondingly remarkably improved; secondarily, the method belongs to homoplastic graft of forsythia, rejection reactions are avoided, grafted forsythia easily survive, and the grafting success rate can be up to 95% or higher. Besides, according to the method, seedlings do not need to be cultured in advance, and the method is simple, requires little investment and takes effect rapidly; according to the method, the scions are convenient to take, and the grafting efficiency is high; according to the method, manual water holding and watering are not required, a large amount of labor is saved, and the cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Chinese medicinal plant field of production, be specifically related to utilize grafting to improve the method for capsule of weeping forsythia fruit yield.
Background technology
The capsule of weeping forsythia (another name: chrysanthemum bar, even shell, green grass or young crops stick up, fall to sticking up and Huang Qidan etc.) is machaka, belongs to Oleaceae Forsythia Vahl capsule of weeping forsythia kind (Forsythiasuspensa (Thunb.) Vahl).The ground such as Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, western part, Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan are mainly distributed in China.Capsule of weeping forsythia fruit can be used as medicine, and has anti-inflammation, antipyretic-antalgic, diuresis cardiac stimulant, anti-liver damage, the effect such as antiviral, hypotensive.
The capsule of weeping forsythia is grown in the hillside shrubbery of height above sea level 250-2200 rice, sylvan life or thick grass, or mountain valley, in the sparse woods of gully.In wild environment and artificial planting, the self-pollination ripening rate of the capsule of weeping forsythia is extremely low, account for about 4% (Fu Zhengliang etc. She County Chinese medicinal herbal .2014; Zhang Hanzao. capsule of weeping forsythia standardized production technology, Golden Shield publishing house .2008).The capsule of weeping forsythia divides long column flower and short column to spend two kinds, and under field conditions (factors), single kind can not be pollinated solid.Artificial planting, needs two kinds of staggered plantations, could be normally solid, ensures output.
The capsule of weeping forsythia distributes in the form of sheets at natural world, under field conditions (factors), to be scattered by seed and branch bend into autochthonal and diffusion in flakes, each capsule of weeping forsythia kind growth is concentrated in flakes, and even one side hillside is all same kind, therefore, yield poorly, this and relevant report data match (Liu Ming etc., national medicinal plant and autonomic drug scientific seminar, 2006; Liu Hongxia, Agricultural University Of Hebei's master thesis, 2009).
At present, the main method improving capsule of weeping forsythia ripening rate has: one is artificial supplementary pollination, and the method amount of labour used is large, is unfavorable for large-scale production, and pollination time requires strict simultaneously, must implement, require that the florescence is consistent in the Sheng phase of blooming; Two is two alternate plantations of kind, and the method is only applicable to the situation of artificial planting.Part short column of planting in long column flower area is spent, or long column flower of planting in short column flower area effectively can improve ripening rate (Fu Zhengliang etc., the She County Chinese medicinal herbal .2014 of the capsule of weeping forsythia; Liu Hongxia, Agricultural University Of Hebei's master thesis, 2009).But seed seedling-raising or cuttage and seedling culture breeding are generally taked in capsule of weeping forsythia breeding, and capsule of weeping forsythia seedling is just bloomed after usual 3 ~ 5 years, solid, now, once find that the capsule of weeping forsythia seedling of planting is all long column flower or is all short column flower, ripening rate will be very low; In addition, plant in long column flower district or short column flower district short column flower or long column flower corresponding, both time-consumingly to take a lot of work, be difficult to again take effect.
Through retrieval, do not find to utilize graft technology to improve the relevant report of capsule of weeping forsythia fruit yield.
Summary of the invention
In the self-sterility of the same race existed for the capsule of weeping forsythia and existing production method the ripening rate that exists low, yield poorly, complex operation, weak effect, high in cost of production problem, the object of the invention is to provide a kind of method utilizing grafting to improve capsule of weeping forsythia fruit yield.This method is suitable for distributing single area at capsule of weeping forsythia wild varieties, and by rationally layouting, grafting different cultivars, improves wild distributed population ratio, improves the ripening rate of the capsule of weeping forsythia, and then improves capsule of weeping forsythia fruit yield.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The present invention utilizes grafting to improve the method for capsule of weeping forsythia fruit yield, to refer in the areal concentration of a capsule of weeping forsythia kind proportionally evenly another kind of grafting.
Kind described in said method refers to long column flower variety or short column flower variety.
Ratio described in said method refers to that grafting strain number accounts for the ratio of the total strain number in capsule of weeping forsythia areal concentration, is generally 15 ~ 20%, is uniformly distributed in capsule of weeping forsythia areal concentration.
Areal concentration described in said method refers to the region that single capsule of weeping forsythia kind is formed through spontaneous or human assistance breeding.
The present invention utilizes grafting to improve the method for capsule of weeping forsythia fruit yield, specifically comprises the steps:
(1) capsule of weeping forsythia variety type is determined: in the flowering stage of the previous year of enforcement grafting, investigate the area of the capsule of weeping forsythia areal concentration of fostering in advance, and capsule of weeping forsythia variety type;
(2) scion collection: late Febuary, daily mean temperature be 3.0 ~ 3.5 DEG C, before capsule of weeping forsythia bud sprouts, select healthy and strong long column flower or short column flower capsule of weeping forsythia plant, then on the selected capsule of weeping forsythia plant clip healthy and strong, be 1 ~ 2 year raw branch of 0.6 ~ 1.2 ㎝ without damage by disease and insect, diameter; On the branch of clip, clip length is the scion of 10 ~ 12 ㎝ again; Scion is used paraffin strip of paper used for sealing, and with preservative film parcel, indicate kind, date, preserve under being placed in the condition of 0 ~ 5 DEG C;
(3) grafting is selected good strains in the field for seed and is selected: in capsule of weeping forsythia areal concentration, at interval of 4 ~ 5 strains, chooses a grafting strain, carries out mark;
(4) grafting is implemented: mid-March, local daytime temperature goes back up to 10 ~ 12 DEG C, capsule of weeping forsythia bud has been when just having started to sprout, the grafting strain that step (3) is chosen is selected and remain 4 ~ 6 growing way stalwartnesses, twig is full, diameter is 1 ~ 2 ㎝ 2 ~ 4 years raw branches as stock, cut apart from branch 20 ~ 40 ㎝ place, cross section is smooth, then use grafting knife from the medulla of middle, cross section, cutting depth is the otch of 3 ~ 5 ㎝ vertically downward; The scion lower end of step (2) gained is whittled into wedge shape, and the inclined-plane length be cut into is 3 ~ 5 ㎝; Inserted by the tapered ramp of scion rapidly in the otch of stock, aliging in two sides, then by plastics tied rope, grafting place is twined firm tighten, uses plastics tied rope by portion envelops exposed for scion simultaneously;
(5) after grafting, inspection in 10 ~ 20 days survives situation, if the bud in scion is sprouted, or grows young leaves, is grafting survival; Now remove the rudiment on stock, remove the plastics tied rope that scion is wrapped up, expose the sprouting that sprouts in scion;
(6) when the scion sprouting tip grow to 5 ~ 10cm or longer, grafting place heal completely time, untie grafting place wrapping plastics tied rope.
Scion described in said method and stock (or grafting strain) are different types of varieties; Described different types of varieties refers to long column flower variety or short column flower variety; The i.e. scion of grafting short column flower variety on the stock of long column flower variety, or the scion of grafting long column flower variety on the stock of short column flower variety.
Capsule of weeping forsythia variety type described in said method step (1) refers to long column flower variety or short column flower variety.
Scion described in said method step (2) have at least 2 ~ 3 groups (to) eye, top eye is apart from clip 1 ~ 1.5 ㎝.
One end of scion is dipped in rapidly by being referred to by scion paraffin strip of paper used for sealing described in said method step (2) in the paraffin boiled, and makes half scion branch be moistened with wax liquid, takes out, gets rid of rapidly unnecessary wax liquid; Then climb over scion and dip in the other end again, make the wax face whole scion being covered with thin layer.Be prevent moisture loss by the object of scion paraffin strip of paper used for sealing, be beneficial to preservation.
Compared with existing capsule of weeping forsythia production method, the advantage that the present invention has and beneficial effect: (1), the inventive method can make the ripening rate of the capsule of weeping forsythia greatly improve, its ripening rate can reach 65 ~ 70%, higher than the fruiting rate 63.9% under alternate cultivation (in the ranks mixed friendship) condition, in more natural situation higher fruiting rate 47%, improve 18 ~ 23 percentage points, increase production 170 ~ 255% in more natural situation, output significantly improves; (2), the inventive method belongs to grafting between capsule of weeping forsythia different types of varieties of the same race, and there is not rejection, grafting is easy to survive, and grafting success rate reaches more than 95%; (3), the present invention adopts grafting, need not shift to an earlier date nursery, and method is simple, small investment, instant effect; (4), in the inventive method scion easy to carry, one manually can be carried 200 ~ 400 scion, for each person every day can grafting 200 ~ 300 branch, and far surpass the speed of artificial graft, efficiency is high; (5), in the inventive method grafting need not artificial moisture creating, and water after also need not transplanting, save a large amount of artificial and spending, cost is low.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is grafting long column flower variety comparative trial design diagram on short column flower variety.
Fig. 2 is grafting short column flower variety comparative trial design diagram on long column flower variety.
Embodiment
The comparative trial of embodiment 1 grafting long column flower variety on short column flower variety
(1), test site:
Experimental field be positioned on the Nan Po in wicket mouth village, inclined cities and towns, She County, Hebei province, height above sea level 1100 meters, this district's capsule of weeping forsythia integrated distribution area about 30 mu, be all short column flower variety, density is about 110 plants/acre.
(2), experimental scheme:
In capsule of weeping forsythia areal concentration, standardized length of side is the square of 240 meters, at foursquare four interior angle places, draw four length of sides be the little square cell of 20 meters as test site, two, every diagonal angle is one group, sets up grafting cell set and control plot group (see Fig. 1) separately.
(3), materials and methods:
1. test instrument and material: pruner, grafting knife, plastics tied rope, paraffin, alcolhol burner, label, insulating box.
2. test method:
(1) scion collection: on February 21st, 2013, average daily temperature is 3.0 ~ 3.5 DEG C of (daytime temperatures 5 ~ 6 DEG C, night temperature about 0 DEG C), before capsule of weeping forsythia bud sprouts, choose healthy and strong long column flower capsule of weeping forsythia maternal plant, clip be healthy and strong, without damage by disease and insect, diameter at the annotinous branch of 0.6 ~ 1.2 ㎝; On the branch of clip, clip grows the scion of 10 ~ 12 ㎝ again, and each scion at least leaves 2 ~ 3 groups of eyes, and top eye is apart from clip 1 ~ 1.5 ㎝; Scion paraffin strip of paper used for sealing, the one end by scion is dipped in rapidly in the paraffin boiled, and makes half scion branch be moistened with wax liquid, takes out, gets rid of rapidly unnecessary wax liquid; Then climb over scion and dip in the other end again, make the wax face whole scion being covered with thin layer, prevent moisture loss, be beneficial to preservation; With preservative film parcel, labelled, indicate kind and date, the insulating box being placed in 0 ~ 5 DEG C is preserved.
(2) grafting is selected good strains in the field for seed and is selected: from the second strain outside grafting community, at interval of 4 ~ 5 strains, choose a grafting strain, be uniformly distributed in grafting community, carry out mark.
(3) grafting is implemented: on March 14th, 2013, local daytime temperature goes back up to 10 ~ 12 DEG C, nighttime temperature 2 ~ 3 DEG C, when the local capsule of weeping forsythia has just started to sprout, can carry out grafting; The grafting strain chosen is selected and remain, and 4 ~ 6 growing way stalwartnesses, twig are full, the raw branch of the 2-4 of diameter 1 ~ 2 ㎝, cutting apart from branch 20 ~ 40 ㎝ place, cross section is smooth, then use grafting knife from the medulla of middle, cross section, cutting-in 3 ~ 5 ㎝ vertically downward, scion lower end wedging, the inclined-plane length be cut into is 3 ~ 5 ㎝, rapidly the tapered ramp of scion is inserted in the otch of stock, align in two sides, then, by plastics tied rope, grafting place is twined firm tighten, use plastics tied rope by portion envelops exposed for scion simultaneously;
On April 2nd, (4) 2013, check grafting survival situation, if the bud in scion is sprouted, or grown young leaves, be grafting survival, now remove the rudiment on stock, to concentrate nutrient to scion supply, remove the plastics tied rope in scion, expose the sprouting that sprouts in scion;
(5), when the scion sprouting tip grows to 5cm ~ 10 or longer, after grafting place is healed completely, the plastics tied rope of grafting place wrapping is untied.
(6) pilot survey: on August 20th, 2015, when Sheng fruit branch has been grown in scion, has instituted an inquiry the capsule of weeping forsythia fruit yield of each community, has been gathered by the fruit on capsule of weeping forsythia plant all in experimental plot, weighed fresh fruit weight, dried and weigh dry fruit weight.
Four, results and analysis
Result (see table 1) the control plot average dry fruit output of the capsule of weeping forsythia is 10.1kg; And utilize the average dry fruit output of the capsule of weeping forsythia of the experimental plot of grafting method of the present invention to reach 27.5kg, than contrast volume increase 170.3%, illustrate that grafting method of the present invention significantly improves ripening rate and the dry fruit output of the capsule of weeping forsythia.
The comparative test result of table 1 grafting long column flower variety on short column flower variety
The comparative trial of embodiment 2 grafting short column flower variety on long column flower variety
One, test site:
Experimental field be positioned on the Xi Po in Huangyan village, Gu Xin town, She County, height above sea level 860 meters, this district's capsule of weeping forsythia integrated distribution area about 50 mu, be all long column flower variety, density is about 110 plants/acre.
Two, experimental scheme:
In areal concentration, standardized length of side is the square of 240 meters, at foursquare four interior angle places, draw four length of sides be the little square cell of 20 meters as test site, two, every diagonal angle is one group, sets up grafting cell set and control plot group (see Fig. 2) separately.
Three, materials and methods:
1. test instrument and material: pruner, grafting knife, plastics tied rope, paraffin, alcolhol burner, label, insulating box.
2. test method:
(1) scion collection: on February 21st, 2013, before average daily temperature be 3.0 ~ 3.5 DEG C (daytime temperature is 5-6 DEG C, night temperature be about 0 DEG C), capsule of weeping forsythia bud is sprouted, choose healthy and strong short column flower capsule of weeping forsythia maternal plant, clip be healthy and strong, without damage by disease and insect, diameter be the annotinous branch of 0.6 ~ 1.2 ㎝; The scion of long 10 ~ 12 ㎝ of clip on the annotinous branch of institute's clip, each scion at least leaves 2 groups of eyes, and top eye is apart from clip 1 ~ 1.5 ㎝; Scion paraffin strip of paper used for sealing, the one end by scion is dipped in rapidly in the paraffin boiled, and makes half scion branch be moistened with wax liquid, takes out, gets rid of rapidly unnecessary wax liquid; Then climb over scion and dip in the other end again, make the wax face whole scion being covered with thin layer, prevent moisture loss, be beneficial to preservation; With preservative film parcel, labelled, the insulating box being placed in 0-5 DEG C is preserved.
(2) grafting is selected good strains in the field for seed and is selected: from the second strain outside grafting community, at interval of 4 ~ 5 strains, choose a grafting strain, grafting strain is uniformly distributed in grafting community, carries out mark.
(3) implement grafting: on March 15th, 2013, local daytime temperature go back up to 10 ~ 12 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 2 ~ 3 DEG C time, when the capsule of weeping forsythia has just started to sprout, can grafting be carried out; The grafting strain chosen is selected and remain, and 4 ~ 6 growing way stalwartnesses, twig are full, the raw branch of the 2-4 of diameter 1 ~ 2 ㎝, cutting apart from branch 20 ~ 40 ㎝ place, cross section is smooth, then use grafting knife from the medulla of middle, cross section, cutting-in 3 ~ 5 ㎝ vertically downward, scion lower end wedging, long 3 ~ 5 ㎝ in the inclined-plane be cut into, rapidly the tapered ramp of scion is inserted in the otch of stock, align in two sides, then, by plastics tied rope, grafting place is twined firm tighten, by plastics tied rope, part exposed for scion is also twined sternly simultaneously;
On April 3rd, (4) 2013, check that scion survives situation, if the bud in scion is sprouted, or grow young leaves, show that scion survives, grafting success; Now remove the rudiment on stock, to concentrate nutrient to scion supply, remove the plastics tied rope in scion, expose the sprouting that sprouts in scion;
On April 23rd, (5) 2013, when the scion sprouting tip grows to 5cm ~ 10cm, after grafting place is healed completely, untie the plastics tied rope of grafting place wrapping.
(6) pilot survey: on August 20th, 2015, when Sheng fruit branch has been grown in scion, has instituted an inquiry the capsule of weeping forsythia fruit yield of each community, fruit on capsule of weeping forsythia plant all in experimental plot is gathered, weigh fresh fruit weight, dry and weigh dry fruit weight, compare.
Four, results and analysis
The average yield of result (see table 2) control plot capsule of weeping forsythia dry fruit is 10.4kg; And the average yield of the capsule of weeping forsythia dry fruit of the grafting community of the inventive method reaches 37.0kg, than contrast volume increase 255.8%, illustrate that grafting method of the present invention significantly improves capsule of weeping forsythia ripening rate and fruit yield.
The comparative test result of table 2 grafting short column flower variety on long column flower variety
Claims (9)
1. utilize grafting to improve the method for capsule of weeping forsythia fruit yield, to it is characterized in that referring in the areal concentration of a capsule of weeping forsythia kind proportionally evenly another kind of grafting.
2. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described kind refers to long column flower variety or short column flower variety.
3. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described ratio refers to that grafting strain number accounts for the ratio of the total strain number in capsule of weeping forsythia areal concentration, described ratio is 15 ~ 20%, is uniformly distributed in capsule of weeping forsythia areal concentration.
4. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described areal concentration refers to the region that single capsule of weeping forsythia kind is formed through spontaneous or human assistance breeding.
5. utilize grafting to improve the method for capsule of weeping forsythia fruit yield, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) capsule of weeping forsythia variety type is determined: in the flowering stage of the previous year of enforcement grafting, investigate the area of the capsule of weeping forsythia areal concentration of fostering in advance, and capsule of weeping forsythia variety type;
(2) scion collection: late Febuary, daily mean temperature be 3.0 ~ 3.5 DEG C, before capsule of weeping forsythia bud sprouts, select healthy and strong long column flower or short column flower capsule of weeping forsythia plant, then on the selected capsule of weeping forsythia plant clip healthy and strong, be 1 ~ 2 year raw branch of 0.6 ~ 1.2 ㎝ without damage by disease and insect, diameter; On the branch of clip, clip length is the scion of 10 ~ 12 ㎝ again; Scion is used paraffin strip of paper used for sealing, and with preservative film parcel, indicate kind, date, preserve under being placed in the condition of 0 ~ 5 DEG C;
(3) grafting is selected good strains in the field for seed and is selected: in capsule of weeping forsythia areal concentration, at interval of 4 ~ 5 strains, chooses a grafting strain, carries out mark;
(4) grafting is implemented: mid-March, local daytime temperature goes back up to 10 ~ 12 DEG C, capsule of weeping forsythia bud has been when just having started to sprout, the grafting strain that step (3) is chosen is selected and remain 4 ~ 6 growing way stalwartnesses, twig is full, diameter is 1 ~ 2 ㎝ 2 ~ 4 years raw branches as stock, cut apart from branch 20 ~ 40 ㎝ place, cross section is smooth, then use grafting knife from the medulla of middle, cross section, cutting depth is the otch of 3 ~ 5 ㎝ vertically downward; The scion lower end of step (2) gained is whittled into wedge shape, and the inclined-plane length be cut into is 3 ~ 5 ㎝; Inserted by the tapered ramp of scion rapidly in the otch of stock, aliging in two sides, then by plastics tied rope, grafting place is twined firm tighten, uses plastics tied rope by portion envelops exposed for scion simultaneously;
(5) after grafting, inspection in 10 ~ 20 days survives situation, if the bud in scion is sprouted, or grows young leaves, is grafting survival; Now remove the rudiment on stock, remove the plastics tied rope that scion is wrapped up, expose the sprouting that sprouts in scion;
(6) when the scion sprouting tip grow to 5 ~ 10cm or longer, grafting place heal completely time, untie grafting place wrapping plastics tied rope.
6. in accordance with the method for claim 5, it is characterized in that described scion and stock (or grafting strain) are different types of varieties; Described different types of varieties refers to long column flower variety or short column flower variety.
7. in accordance with the method for claim 5, it is characterized in that the capsule of weeping forsythia variety type described in its step (1) refers to long column flower variety or short column flower variety.
8. in accordance with the method for claim 5, it is characterized in that the scion described in its step (2) has 2 ~ 3 groups of eyes at least, top eye is apart from clip 1 ~ 1.5 ㎝.
9. in accordance with the method for claim 5, it is characterized in that one end of scion is dipped in rapidly by being referred to by scion paraffin strip of paper used for sealing described in its step (2) in the paraffin boiled, make half scion branch be moistened with wax liquid, take out, get rid of rapidly unnecessary wax liquid; Then climb over scion and dip in the other end again, make the wax face whole scion being covered with thin layer.
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| CN106718102A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-31 | 徐金都 | A kind of method of the scion grafting capsule of weeping forsythia |
| CN115443820A (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2022-12-09 | 河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所 | Grafting method for medicinal fructus forsythiae |
| CN116114520A (en) * | 2023-02-06 | 2023-05-16 | 承德医学院 | Fruit mulberry variety comparison method |
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| CN105075699B (en) | 2017-10-17 |
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Effective date of registration: 20190508 Address after: 056400 Hebei Handan Shexian Shecheng Beiguan Shexian Qingyang Seed Industry Co., Ltd. Patentee after: Shexian Qingyang Seed Industry Co., Ltd. Address before: 056400 Shexian Agricultural Technology Extension Center, No. 11 Longjing Street, Shexian County, Handan City, Hebei Province Patentee before: SHEXIAN CENTER FOR AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY PROMOTION |
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