CN101697686A - Method for breeding and cultivating Davidia involucrata - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for raising seedlings and cultivating Davidia involucrata, and relates to a method for artificially breeding and cultivating the Davidia involucrata, which comprises the following operating steps: (1) collecting seeds, namely selecting the fruit seeds naturally ripened; (2) storing the seeds, namely making outer pulp of the fruit seeds naturally shed or artificially peeling off outer pulp layers of the fruits; (3) processing, namely soaking the fruit seeds in aqueous solution of shedding essence for 10 to 12 hours, and removing hard shells; (4) selecting field and seeding to raise seedlings, namely ensuring that the temperature is between 12 and 18DEG C in the seeding process, applying farmyard manure or phosphatic fertilizer, sowing the processed fruit seeds in a mode that tails of the seeds face downwards and heads of the seeds face upwards, and covering and compacting a soil layer between 2.5 and 3.5 cm after the seeding; and (5) transplanting with soil when the seedlings of the Davidia involucrate in the present year grow to between 18 and 22cm, and transporting the 2- and 3-year-old Davidia involucrate all over the country for plantation. The method can ensure that the seeds of the Davidia involucrata are grown into multiple seedlings in the natural environment. The Davidia involucrate has no requirement on altitude and can grow in everywhere of the country, so the endangered Davidia involucrate grow all over the country.

Description

Growing seedlings and breeding method of dove tree

Technical field

The present invention relates to artificial breeding and the breeding method of plant, particularly artificial breeding and the breeding method of dove tree tree.

Background technology

Dove tree has another name called the water pear, the pigeon tree, and pigeon flower tree, classify country-level focused protection wild plant through State Council approved in August, 1998.Be a perennial Relict Plant, belong to first of the four big plant living fossils that the status of the title of plant giant panda is arranged.

Dove tree is the fallen leaves megaphanerophyte, the bark lark, annual shoot is purple green, perennial branch dark brown or light gray, the drupe spheroid shape, the florescence is the 6-9 month southwest generally, the fruit phase is longer, dove tree Xi Banyin and warm cool humid climate are liked deep, fertile coat, moistening and well-drained acidity or neutral soil.Ten thousand mu of dove tree woodss of China's discovery at present mainly are distributed in Sichuan Yingjing, two counties, Hanyuan.Its height above sea level is about many meters of 700--2000, waits other province that growth is also arranged in China southwest.

Emperor Qianlong once was said: " the flowers are in blossom for dove tree, and the country is prospering "! But in the last hundred years, owing to terrestrial climate and the destroyed multiple reason of vegetation.The dove tree tree has become more rare.And dove tree tree fruit freely falls the general broken shell germinating growth that is difficult in back because its shell skin is comparatively hard.In the big mountain forest, generally eat the skin and flesh of its fruit by squirrel, mountain mouse, bird, pheasant, monkey, masked civet, lesser panda, wild boar etc., the nuclear of being stung out by wildlife that has afterwards is able to germinating growth.Along with the rareness of vegetation wildlife in recent decades, the dove tree tree rareness that also becomes.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide growing seedlings and breeding method of a kind of dove tree, the invention solves the problem that causes a kind of jade teak rareness at present owing to the reason of natural environment.

Growing seedlings and breeding method of dove tree of the present invention, operate according to following steps: (one) collects seed: February 28 in 1 day to 1 year November in every year for collecting seed season, select the ripe fruit kind that falls of nature; (2) storage of seed: ventilation earlier, cool place, dry landlord stack fruit and plant, and allow the outer pulp of fruit kind come off naturally or its fruit ectosarc cortex of manual removal; (3) processing: annual apparent sowing season on March 15 to May 20, sowing season, the fruit kind was soaked 10-12 hour in taking off the smart aqueous solution of cloth, and in the position, tip of really planting, remove apart from planting the duricrust that really to plant with hacksaw or scraper at sharp 3-10mm place, the degree of depth is wanted suitably must not hinder its bud embryo when shelling, and the bud embryo that exposes is excellent to get final product; (4) sow and grow seedlings to choosing: temperature is 12-18 ℃ during sowing; Select acid ground, consolidation requires soft, fertile with growing seedlings, and executes the phosphate fertilizer that farmyard manure or every mu of ground spill 40-60Kg; Uproot ground, with the fruit kind seeds tail that processes down, plant point and sow the soil layer compacting of the bonnet 2.5-3.5cm that sows up; (5) the tung oil tree seedling of giving birth to then gets final product balled transplanting long during to 18-22cm, and the dove tree tree that 2-3 gives birth to transports in all parts of the country the plantation to.

(1) step, the Best Times of seed collecting are that the January 1 in 1 year was to February 28.

(4) step, as its temperature of growing seedlings is lower than 12 ℃, selects to add mulch film or raise seedling in greenhouse.

(3) step, the used concentration of taking off the smart aqueous solution of cloth is 13-60%.

Growing seedlings and breeding method of dove tree of the present invention by the method for seed selection, breeding, artificial culture, can be protected dove tree multiple seedling growth under natural environment.Height to its height above sea level need not requirement, can grow in motherland on both sides of the Changjiang River, makes this endangered dove tree tree the flowers are in blossom in all parts of the country.

Embodiment

With illustrated embodiments the present invention is done detailed explanation below.

Embodiment one

Operate according to following steps: (one) collects seed: February 28 in 1 day to 1 year November in every year for collecting seed season, select the ripe fruit kind that falls of nature; (2) storage of seed: ventilation earlier, cool place, dry landlord stack fruit and plant, and allow the outer pulp of fruit kind come off naturally or its fruit ectosarc cortex of manual removal; (3) processing: annual apparent sowing season on March 15 to May 20, sowing season, the fruit kind was soaked 11 hours in taking off the smart aqueous solution of cloth, and in the position, tip of fruit kind (the kind handle is an afterbody, and the other end is kind of a point, elliposoidal), remove apart from planting the duricrust that really to plant with hacksaw or scraper at sharp 5mm place, the degree of depth is wanted suitably must not hinder its bud embryo when shelling, and the bud embryo that exposes is excellent to get final product; (4) sow and grow seedlings to choosing: temperature is 12-18 ℃ during sowing; Select acid ground, consolidation requires soft, fertile with growing seedlings, and executes the phosphate fertilizer that farmyard manure or every mu of ground spill 50Kg; Uproot ground, with the fruit kind seeds tail that processes down, plant point and sow the soil layer compacting of the bonnet 2.5-3.5cm that sows up; (5) the tung oil tree seedling of giving birth to then gets final product balled transplanting long during to 20cm, and the dove tree tree that 2-3 gives birth to transports in all parts of the country the plantation to.

(1) step, the time of seed collecting is that the January 1 in 1 year was to February 28.

(4) step, as its temperature of growing seedlings is lower than 12 ℃, selects to add mulch film or raise seedling in greenhouse.

(3) step, the used concentration of taking off the smart aqueous solution of cloth is 50%.

Embodiment two

Present embodiment is carried out according to following steps: one, collect seed: be fruit picking kind season 11 parts of annual February to the coming year, because the fruit phase of dove tree is longer, and the optional ripe naturally fruit kind that falls, or be good in the 1--2 in coming year month fruit picking.

Two, the storage of seed: the fruit kind is stacked in gating wind, cool place, dry place, allows its outer pulp come off naturally or its fruit ectosarc cortex of manual removal.

Three, processing: annual mid-March--the May is sowing season, treats that monthly mean temperature sows about 12-18 ℃.Because the characteristic that dove tree fruit can not natural broken shell germinates, can be in kind of a position, tip (kinds handle is an afterbody, and the other end is for kind sharp, elliposoidal) the 3-10mm place removes the duricrust of really planting with hacksaw or scraper, the degree of depth is wanted suitably must not hinder its bud embryo, and excellent can the calculation of the bud embryo that exposes processed successfully.

Four, sow to choosing: should select vegetation mountain region preferably with growing seedlings, its soil is soft, fertile, and execute farmyard manure or every mu of ground spills 50 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, uproot ground, it is ground, a railway carriage or compartment that width is generally 1.5--2 rice, with the seeds kind tail that processes down, plant point and sow up, the soil layer compacting of about 3 centimeters of the bonnets of sowing.Because the fruit kind fruital after the processing is incomparable, ant, squirrel, mountain mouse like eating its pulp, so should spray the agricultural chemicals of preventing that ant, squirrel, mountain mouse creep on native top layer, can select to add mulch film or raise seedling in greenhouse according to different climate temperatures.

Five, emerge: fruit is planted down behind the ground and to begin quick-fried mouth in about 7-10 days, and young plant was unearthed after 15-20 days, and it is high to grow into the 30-50 centimetre then, and high height above sea level temperature is trembled with fear regional, promptly enters hibernation about October, stops growing.The dove tree sapling of Shenging gets final product balled transplanting when growing to 20 centimeters then, choose seeds well, its seedling rate can be up to more than 80%, if select the seed of shedding then, because it is incomplete really to plant the shin morphological development, its seedling rate can be lower than 50%, gives birth to then and can transplant in the whole nation on both sides of the Changjiang River seedling can be cultivated 1-2 in the seedling Pu of southwest after, and the normal growth phase is about 4-5 and can yields positive results

Dove tree tree is the highest to grow more than 20 meter high, and perennial dove tree tree bears fruit and can reach the 300-500 jin every year, and fruit stone is also edible, and its root, pericarp can be used as medicine, and bitter, cool in nature can be clearing heat and detoxicating, astringing to arrest bleeding, antidiarrheal, but the external application swelling and pain relieving.

Camptothecine in the methanolic extract water soluble ingredient of dove tree branch skin is the alkaloid with active anticancer, has stronger cytotoxicity, all effective in cure to doing malignant tumours such as cancer of the stomach, liver cancer, colon cancer, the carcinoma of the rectum, carcinoma of urinary bladder and leukemia, anti-AIDS also there is positive role.

Research to the root of dove tree tree, skin, leaf, fruit also has more profound significance, because existing two places, Sichuan are 100,000 mu of dove tree groups, it really plants many, and the growth of sapling is cultivated, and the flowers are in blossom on both sides of the Changjiang River, or outlet also has its darker economy and political significance abroad.

Claims (4)

1. growing seedlings and breeding method of dove tree is characterized in that, operates according to following steps: (one) collects seed: February 28 in 1 day to 1 year November in every year for collecting seed season, select the ripe fruit kind that falls of nature; (2) storage of seed: ventilation earlier, cool place, dry landlord stack fruit and plant, and allow the outer pulp of fruit kind come off naturally or its fruit ectosarc cortex of manual removal; (3) processing: annual apparent sowing season on March 15 to May 20, sowing season, the fruit kind was soaked 10-12 hour in taking off the smart aqueous solution of cloth, and in the position, tip of really planting, remove apart from planting the duricrust that really to plant with hacksaw or scraper at sharp 3-10mm place, the degree of depth is wanted suitably must not hinder its bud embryo when shelling, and the bud embryo that exposes is excellent to get final product; (4) sow and grow seedlings to choosing: temperature is 12-18 ℃ during sowing; Select acid ground, consolidation requires soft, fertile with growing seedlings, and executes the phosphate fertilizer that farmyard manure or every mu of ground spill 40-60K g; Uproot ground, with the fruit kind seeds tail that processes down, plant point and sow the soil layer compacting of the bonnet 2.5-3.5cm that sows up; (5) the tung oil tree seedling of giving birth to then gets final product balled transplanting long during to 18-22cm, and the dove tree tree that 2-3 gives birth to transports in all parts of the country the plantation to.

2. as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, (one) step, the time of seed collecting is that the January 1 in 1 year was to February 28.

3. as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, (four) step, as its temperature of growing seedlings is lower than 12 ℃, selects to add mulch film or raise seedling in greenhouse.

4. as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, (three) step, the used concentration of taking off the smart aqueous solution of cloth is 13-60%.