CN105075699B - The method that capsule of weeping forsythia fruit yield is improved using grafting - Google Patents
The method that capsule of weeping forsythia fruit yield is improved using grafting Download PDFInfo
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- CN105075699B CN105075699B CN201510638721.XA CN201510638721A CN105075699B CN 105075699 B CN105075699 B CN 105075699B CN 201510638721 A CN201510638721 A CN 201510638721A CN 105075699 B CN105075699 B CN 105075699B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention belongs to Chinese medicinal plant field of production, the invention discloses the method that capsule of weeping forsythia fruit yield is improved using grafting, mainly in the areal concentration of a capsule of weeping forsythia kind proportionally another kind of uniform grafting, i.e. in long column flower variety areal concentration grafting short column flower variety, or in short column flower variety areal concentration grafting long column flower variety.Specifically include capsule of weeping forsythia variety type determination to be grafted, scion collection, grafting and select good strains in the field for seed and select and the step such as grafting.The inventive method can be greatly improved the setting percentage of the capsule of weeping forsythia, and correspondingly yield is also significantly improved；Secondly, the inventive method belongs to capsule of weeping forsythia homoplastic graft, in the absence of rejection, and grafting is easy to survive, and grafting success rate is up to more than 95%；In addition, the inventive method is without shifting to an earlier date nursery, method is simple, small investment, instant effect；Also scion is easy to carry in the inventive method, and grafting efficiency is high；And the inventive method is without artificial moisture creating, without watering, save a large amount of artificial, cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Chinese medicinal plant field of production, and in particular to the side of capsule of weeping forsythia fruit yield is improved using grafting
Method.
Background technology
The capsule of weeping forsythia (alias：Chrysanthemum bar, even shell, green grass or young crops sticks up, fall to stick up with Huang Qidan etc.) it is machaka, category Oleaceae Forsythia Vahl connects
Stick up kind of (Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl).Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, peace are distributed mainly in China
The ground such as emblem western part, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan.Capsule of weeping forsythia fruit can be used as medicine, with anti-inflammation, antipyretic-antalgic, diuresis cardiac stimulant, anti-
Liver damage, antiviral, hypotensive etc. are acted on.
The capsule of weeping forsythia is grown in hillside shrubbery, sylvan life or the thick grass of 250-2200 meters of height above sea level, or in mountain valley, gully sparse woods.
In wild environment and artificial growth, the self-pollination setting percentage of the capsule of weeping forsythia is extremely low, accounts for 4% or so and (pays just good etc. She County Chinese medicine
Will .2014；Zhang Hanzao capsule of weeping forsythia standardized production technologies, Golden Shield publishing house .2008).The capsule of weeping forsythia is divided to long column flower and short column to spend two kinds,
Under field conditions (factors), single kind can not pollinate solid.Artificial growth is, it is necessary to which two kinds are staggeredly planted, and ability is normal solid, it is ensured that
Yield.
The capsule of weeping forsythia is distributed in the form of sheets in nature, under field conditions (factors), is scattered by seed and bend into autochthonal with branch and expand
Dissipate in blocks, each capsule of weeping forsythia kind growth concentrates in blocks, or even one side hillside is all same kind, therefore, is yielded poorly, this to it is related
Report data match (Liu Ming etc., national medicinal plant and autonomic drug scientific seminar, 2006；Liu Hongxia, Hebei Agriculture is big
Learn master thesis, 2009).
At present, improving the main method of capsule of weeping forsythia setting percentage has：One is artificial supplementary pollination, and the method amount of labour used is big, unfavorable
In large-scale production, while pollination time requirement is strict, it is necessary to which blooming, peak period is implemented, it is desirable to which the florescence is consistent；Two be two product
Alternate plantation is planted, the method is only applicable to the situation of artificial growth.The plant part short column flower in long column flower distributed area, or short
The setting percentage that post flower distributed area plant long column flower can effectively improve the capsule of weeping forsythia (pays just good etc., She County Chinese medicinal herbal .2014；Liu Hongxia, river
Northern agriculture university's master thesis, 2009).But capsule of weeping forsythia breeding is general to take seed seedling-raising or cuttage and seedling culture to breed, even
Just bloomed after sticking up seedling usual 3~5 years, it is solid, now, once find plant capsule of weeping forsythia seedling be all long column flower or be all short column flower,
Setting percentage will be very low；In addition, spend area or short column flower area to transplant corresponding short column flower or long column flower in long column, it is both time-consuming to take a lot of work,
It is difficult to take effect again.
Through retrieval, do not find to improve the relevant report of capsule of weeping forsythia fruit yield using graft technology.
The content of the invention
Setting percentage is low present in the self-sterility of the same race existed for the capsule of weeping forsythia and existing production method, yields poorly, grasp
Make the problems such as cumbersome, effect is poor, cost is high, present invention aims at provide a kind of side of utilization grafting raising capsule of weeping forsythia fruit yield
Method.This method is suitable to be distributed single area in capsule of weeping forsythia wild varieties, by rationally layouting, and grafting different cultivars improves wild
Distributed population ratio, improves the setting percentage of the capsule of weeping forsythia, and then improve capsule of weeping forsythia fruit yield.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
The present invention using grafting improve capsule of weeping forsythia fruit yield method, refer to the areal concentration of a capsule of weeping forsythia kind by
According to another kind of ratio uniform grafting.
Kind described in the above method refers to long column flower variety or short column flower variety.
Ratio described in the above method refers to that grafting strain number accounts for the ratio of capsule of weeping forsythia areal concentration total strain number, generally 15
~20%, it is uniformly distributed in capsule of weeping forsythia areal concentration.
Areal concentration described in the above method refers to that single capsule of weeping forsythia kind breeds what is formed through spontaneous or human assistance
Region.
The method that the present invention improves capsule of weeping forsythia fruit yield using grafting, specifically includes following steps：
(1) capsule of weeping forsythia variety type is determined：In the florescence for the previous year for implementing grafting, investigate the capsule of weeping forsythia fostered in advance and concentrate and divide
The area in cloth area, and capsule of weeping forsythia variety type；
(2) scion is gathered：Late Febuary, be 3.0~3.5 DEG C, before capsule of weeping forsythia bud sprouts in daily mean temperature, and selection is healthy and strong
Long column is spent or short column flower capsule of weeping forsythia plant, then clip stalwartness, no disease and pests harm, a diameter of 0.6~1.2 on selected capsule of weeping forsythia plant
The raw branch in 1~2 year of ㎝；Clip length is 10~12 ㎝ scion on the branch of clip again；By scion paraffin strip of paper used for sealing, and
Wrapped up with preservative film, indicate species, date, preserved under conditions of being placed in 0~5 DEG C；
(3) grafting, which is selected good strains in the field for seed, selects：In capsule of weeping forsythia areal concentration, at interval of 4~5 plants, a grafting strain is chosen, mark is carried out；
(4) grafting is implemented：Mid-March, local daytime temperature goes back up to 10~12 DEG C, capsule of weeping forsythia bud is when just starting to sprout,
Select and remain that 4~6 growing way stalwartnesses, twig be full, a diameter of 1~2 ㎝ 2~4 years raw branches in the grafting strain that step (3) is chosen
As stock, away from being cut at the ㎝ of branch 20~40, section is smooth, then with grafting knife at the medulla of section middle, hangs down
Directly to the otch that dinting depth is 3~5 ㎝；Scion lower end obtained by step (2) is whittled into wedge shape, the inclined-plane being cut into a length of 3~5
㎝；The rapid tapered ramp by scion is inserted in the otch of stock, two sides alignment, then is tied up with plastics tied rope by jail is twined at grafting
Tightly, while with plastics tied rope by the exposed portion envelops of scion；
(5) check within 10~20 days after grafting and survive situation, if the bud in scion is sprouted, or grow young leaves, as grafting
Survive；The rudiment on stock is now removed, the plastics tied rope wrapped up in scion is released, exposes the sprouting that sprouts in scion；
(6) when being healed completely at scion sprouting tip length to 5~10cm or longer, grafting, untie what is wrapped up at grafting
Plastics tied rope.
Scion and stock (or grafting strain) described in the above method are different types of varieties；Described different types of varieties
Refer to long column flower variety or short column flower variety；The scion of grafting short column flower variety i.e. on the stock of long column flower variety, or short
The scion of grafting long column flower variety on the stock of post flower variety.
Capsule of weeping forsythia variety type described in above method step (1) refers to long column flower variety or short column flower variety.
At least 2~3 groups (to) eyes of scion described in above method step (2), top eye is away from clip 1~1.5
㎝。
Scion paraffin strip of paper used for sealing being referred to one end of scion in the paraffin boiled described in above method step (2)
Dip in rapidly, half of scion branch is moistened with wax liquor, take out, unnecessary wax liquor is got rid of rapidly；Then scion is climbed over to dip in again separately
One end, the wax face for making whole scion overlying last layer very thin.With the purpose of paraffin strip of paper used for sealing it is to prevent moisture loss by scion, is beneficial to
Preserve.
Compared with existing capsule of weeping forsythia production method, the present invention has the advantage that and beneficial effect：(1), the inventive method can
Greatly improve the setting percentage of the capsule of weeping forsythia, its setting percentage is up to 65~70%, higher than the knot under the conditions of alternate cultivation (in the ranks mix and hand over)
The 47% of higher fruiting rate in the case of fruit rate 63.9%, relatively nature, improves volume increase in the case of 18~23 percentage points, relatively nature
170~255%, yield is significantly improved；(2), the grafting that the inventive method belongs between capsule of weeping forsythia different types of varieties of the same race, is not deposited
In rejection, grafting is easy to survive, and grafting success rate is up to more than 95%；(3), the present invention uses grafting, without educating in advance
Seedling, method is simple, small investment, instant effect；(4), scion is easy to carry in the inventive method, and one can manually carry 200~400
Individual scion, for each person every day can the branch of grafting 200~300, far surpass the speed of artificial graft, efficiency high；(5), the inventive method
Middle grafting is without artificial moisture creating, without being watered after transplanting, saves a large amount of artificial and spending, and cost is low.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 grafting long column flower variety contrast test design diagrams on short column flower variety.
Fig. 2 grafting short column flower variety contrast test design diagrams on long column flower variety.
Embodiment
The contrast test of the grafting long column flower variety on short column flower variety of embodiment 1
(1), test site：
On the Nan Po for being experimental field located at the inclined cities and towns wicket mouthful village in Hebei province She County, 1100 meters of height above sea level, area's capsule of weeping forsythia, which is concentrated, to be divided
About 30 mu of cloth area, all short column flower varieties, density is about 110 plants/acre.
(2), experimental design：
Standardized of capsule of weeping forsythia areal concentration, the length of side is 240 meters of square, at four interior angles of square, draws four
The length of side is 20 meters of small square cell as testing site, is one group per diagonal two, sets up the small district's groups of grafting and check plot separately
Group (see Fig. 1).
(3), materials and methods：
1. test instrument and material：Pruner, grafting knife, plastics tied rope, paraffin, alcolhol burner, label, insulating box.
2. test method：
(1) scion is gathered：On 2 21st, 2013, average daily temperature was 3.0~3.5 DEG C of (5~6 DEG C of daytime temperatures, night gas
0 DEG C or so of temperature), before capsule of weeping forsythia bud sprouts, choose healthy and strong long column flower capsule of weeping forsythia maternal plant, clip stalwartness, no disease and pests harm, diameter exist
0.6~1.2 ㎝ annotinous branch；Again on the branch of clip the ㎝ of clip length 10~12 scion, each scion at least leaves 2
~3 groups of eyes, top eye is away from the ㎝ of clip 1~1.5；Scion paraffin strip of paper used for sealing, i.e., by one end of scion in the paraffin boiled
Dip in rapidly, half of scion branch is moistened with wax liquor, take out, unnecessary wax liquor is got rid of rapidly；Then scion is climbed over to dip in again separately
One end, the wax face for making whole scion overlying last layer very thin, prevents moisture loss, beneficial to preservation；Wrapped up with preservative film, stick mark
Label, indicate species and date, are placed in 0~5 DEG C of insulating box and preserve.
(2) grafting, which is selected good strains in the field for seed, selects：Since second plant outside grafting cell, at interval of 4~5 plants, choose one and transfer
Strain is connect, is uniformly distributed in grafting cell, mark is carried out.
(3) grafting is implemented：On March 14th, 2013, local daytime temperature goes back up to 10~12 DEG C, 2~3 DEG C of nighttime temperature,
When the local capsule of weeping forsythia just starts to sprout, you can carry out grafting；4~6 growing way stalwartnesses, twig are selected and remain in the grafting strain of selection to satisfy
The full, ㎝ of diameter 1~2 2-4 gives birth to branch, is cut at away from the ㎝ of branch 20~40, section is smooth, then with grafting knife from section
At the medulla of face middle, the ㎝ of cutting-in 3~5 vertically downward, scion lower end wedging, a length of 3~5 ㎝ in inclined-plane being cut into,
The rapid tapered ramp by scion is inserted in the otch of stock, two sides alignment, then, is tied up with plastics tied rope by jail is twined at grafting
Tightly, while with plastics tied rope by the exposed portion envelops of scion；
On April 2nd, (4) 2013, grafting survival situation is checked, if the bud in scion has been sprouted, or has grown young leaves, i.e.,
For grafting survival, the rudiment on stock is now removed, to concentrate nutrient to be supplied to scion, the plastics tied rope in scion is released,
Expose the sprouting that sprouts in scion；
(5) when scion sprouting tip length is to 5cm~10 or longer, after being healed completely at grafting, untie what is wrapped up at grafting
Plastics tied rope.
(6) pilot survey：On August 20th, 2015, when Sheng fruit branch has been grown into scion, institutes an inquiry the capsule of weeping forsythia of each cell
Fruit yield, the fruit in experimental plot on all capsule of weeping forsythia plant is harvested, and weighs fresh fruit weight, dries weighing dry fruit weight.
4th, result and analysis
As a result the average dry fruit yield of the check plot capsule of weeping forsythia that (is shown in Table 1) is 10.1kg；And utilize the examination of engrafting method of the present invention
The average dry fruit yield of the capsule of weeping forsythia for testing cell reaches 27.5kg, than control volume increase 170.3%, illustrates that engrafting method of the present invention is significantly carried
The setting percentage and dry fruit yield of the high capsule of weeping forsythia.
The comparative test result of the grafting long column flower variety on short column flower variety of table 1
The contrast test of the grafting short column flower variety on long column flower variety of embodiment 2
First, test site：
Experimental field on the Xi Po in She County Gu Xin towns Huangyan village, 860 meters of height above sea level, area's capsule of weeping forsythia integrated distribution area about 50
Mu, all long column flower varieties, density is about 110 plants/acre.
2nd, experimental design：
Standardized of areal concentration, the length of side is 240 meters of square, at four interior angles of square, draws four length of sides
Be 20 meters of small square cells as testing site, be one group per diagonal two, set up separately the small district's groups of grafting and check plot group (see
Fig. 2).
3rd, materials and methods：
1. test instrument and material：Pruner, grafting knife, plastics tied rope, paraffin, alcolhol burner, label, insulating box.
2. test method：
(1) scion is gathered：On 2 21st, 2013, average daily temperature is 3.0~3.5 DEG C, and (daytime temperature was 5-6 DEG C, night gas
Temperature is 0 DEG C or so), before capsule of weeping forsythia bud sprouts, choose healthy and strong short column flower capsule of weeping forsythia maternal plant, it is clip stalwartness, no disease and pests harm, a diameter of
0.6~1.2 ㎝ annotinous branch；The ㎝ of clip length 10~12 scion on the annotinous branch of institute's clip, each scion is extremely
2 groups of eyes are left less, and top eye is away from the ㎝ of clip 1~1.5；Scion paraffin strip of paper used for sealing, i.e., by one end of scion in the stone boiled
Dipped in rapidly in wax, half of scion branch is moistened with wax liquor, taken out, unnecessary wax liquor is got rid of rapidly；Then scion is climbed over again
The other end is dipped in, the wax face for making whole scion overlying last layer very thin prevents moisture loss, beneficial to preservation；Wrapped up, pasted with preservative film
Upper label, is placed in 0-5 DEG C of insulating box and preserves.
(2) grafting, which is selected good strains in the field for seed, selects：Since second plant outside grafting cell, at interval of 4~5 plants, choose one and transfer
Strain is connect, grafting strain is uniformly distributed in grafting cell, carries out mark.
(3) grafting is implemented：On March 15th, 2013, local daytime temperature went back up to 10~12 DEG C, 2~3 DEG C of nocturnal temperature
When, when the capsule of weeping forsythia just starts to sprout, you can carry out grafting；4~6 growing way stalwartnesses, twig are selected and remain in the grafting strain of selection to satisfy
The full, ㎝ of diameter 1~2 2-4 gives birth to branch, is cut at away from the ㎝ of branch 20~40, section is smooth, then with grafting knife from section
At the medulla of face middle, the ㎝ of cutting-in 3~5 vertically downward, scion lower end wedging, inclined-plane length 3~5 ㎝ being cut into is fast
Speed is inserted the tapered ramp of scion in the otch of stock, two sides alignment, then, is tightened with plastics tied rope by jail is twined at grafting,
The exposed part of scion is also twined sternly with plastics tied rope simultaneously；
On April 3rd, (4) 2013, check that scion survives situation, if the bud in scion has been sprouted, or grows young leaves, show
Scion is survived, grafting success；The rudiment on stock is now removed, to concentrate nutrient to be supplied to scion, the modeling in scion is released
Expect tied rope, expose the sprouting that sprouts in scion；
On April 23rd, (5) 2013, after healing completely at the scion sprouting tip length to 5cm~10cm, grafting, untie and transfer
Connect the plastics tied rope of place's wrapping.
(6) pilot survey：On August 20th, 2015, when Sheng fruit branch has been grown into scion, institutes an inquiry the capsule of weeping forsythia of each cell
Fruit yield, the fruit in experimental plot on all capsule of weeping forsythia plant is harvested, and weighs fresh fruit weight, dries weighing dry fruit weight,
It is compared.
4th, result and analysis
As a result the average product for the check plot capsule of weeping forsythia dry fruit that (is shown in Table 2) is 10.4kg；And the grafting cell of the inventive method
The average product of capsule of weeping forsythia dry fruit reach 37.0kg, than control volume increase 255.8%, illustrate that engrafting method of the present invention is significantly improved
Capsule of weeping forsythia setting percentage and fruit yield.
The comparative test result of the grafting short column flower variety on long column flower variety of table 2
Claims (5)
1. the method for capsule of weeping forsythia fruit yield is improved using grafting, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) capsule of weeping forsythia variety type is determined：In the florescence for the previous year for implementing grafting, the capsule of weeping forsythia areal concentration fostered in advance is investigated
Area, and capsule of weeping forsythia variety type；
(2) scion is gathered：Late Febuary, it is 3.0~3.5 DEG C, before capsule of weeping forsythia bud sprouts in daily mean temperature, selects healthy and strong long column
Flower or short column flower capsule of weeping forsythia plant, then clip stalwartness, no disease and pests harm, a diameter of 0.6~1.2 ㎝ on selected capsule of weeping forsythia plant
1~2 year raw branch；Clip length is 10~12 ㎝ scion on the branch of clip again；By scion paraffin strip of paper used for sealing, and with protect
Fresh film parcel, indicates species, date, is preserved under conditions of being placed in 0~5 DEG C；
(3) grafting, which is selected good strains in the field for seed, selects：In capsule of weeping forsythia areal concentration, at interval of 4~5 plants, a grafting strain is chosen, mark is carried out；
(4) grafting is implemented：Mid-March, local daytime temperature goes back up to 10~12 DEG C, capsule of weeping forsythia bud is when just starting to sprout, in step
Suddenly select and remain that 4~6 growing way stalwartnesses, twig be full, raw branch conduct in a diameter of 1~2 ㎝ 2~4 years in the grafting strain that (3) are chosen
Stock, away from being cut at the ㎝ of branch 20~40, section is smooth, then with grafting knife at the medulla of section middle, vertically to
Dinting depth is 3~5 ㎝ otch；Scion lower end obtained by step (2) is whittled into wedge shape, a length of 3~5 ㎝ in the inclined-plane being cut into；
The rapid tapered ramp by scion is inserted in the otch of stock, two sides alignment, then is tightened with plastics tied rope by jail is twined at grafting, together
When with plastics tied rope by the exposed portion envelops of scion；
(5) check within 10~20 days after grafting and survive situation, if the bud in scion is sprouted, or grow young leaves, as grafting survival；
The rudiment on stock is now removed, the plastics tied rope wrapped up in scion is released, exposes the sprouting that sprouts in scion；
(6) when being healed completely at scion sprouting tip length to 5~10cm or longer, grafting, the plastics wrapped up at grafting are untied
Tied rope.
2. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that described scion and stock are different types of varieties；Described
Different types of varieties refers to long column flower variety or short column flower variety.
3. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the capsule of weeping forsythia variety type described in its step (1) refers to long column
Flower variety or short column flower variety.
4. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that at least 2~3 groups buds of scion described in its step (2)
Eye, top eye is away from the ㎝ of clip 1~1.5.
5. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that referring to scion paraffin strip of paper used for sealing described in its step (2)
One end of scion is dipped in rapidly in the paraffin boiled, half of scion branch is moistened with wax liquor, is taken out, it is unnecessary to get rid of rapidly
Wax liquor；Then climb over scion and dip in the other end again, the wax face for making whole scion overlying last layer very thin.
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| CN106718102A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-31 | 徐金都 | A kind of method of the scion grafting capsule of weeping forsythia |
| CN115443820A (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2022-12-09 | 河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所 | Grafting method for medicinal fructus forsythiae |
| CN116114520A (en) * | 2023-02-06 | 2023-05-16 | 承德医学院 | Fruit mulberry variety comparison method |
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| CN101946663A (en) * | 2010-08-03 | 2011-01-19 | 河南中医学院 | Wild forsythia tending and propagating method |
| CN102550270A (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2012-07-11 | 陕西中医学院 | Method for ecological composite planting of Forsythia suspensa |
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Effective date of registration: 20190508 Address after: 056400 Hebei Handan Shexian Shecheng Beiguan Shexian Qingyang Seed Industry Co., Ltd. Patentee after: Shexian Qingyang Seed Industry Co., Ltd. Address before: 056400 Shexian Agricultural Technology Extension Center, No. 11 Longjing Street, Shexian County, Handan City, Hebei Province Patentee before: SHEXIAN CENTER FOR AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY PROMOTION |