CN105073862A - 用于渣滓脱溶剂的方法 - Google Patents

用于渣滓脱溶剂的方法 Download PDF

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CN105073862A
CN105073862A CN201380032071.3A CN201380032071A CN105073862A CN 105073862 A CN105073862 A CN 105073862A CN 201380032071 A CN201380032071 A CN 201380032071A CN 105073862 A CN105073862 A CN 105073862A
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黄颖怡
马克·W·斯梅尔
威廉·M·科尔
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Abstract

本文提供的是用于从湿渣滓中去除有机溶剂的方法。该方法的使用导致含有不超过1重量百分比的有机溶剂的干燥渣滓。

Description

用于渣滓脱溶剂的方法
背景技术
三叶胶(Hevea)植物或树(也称为巴西橡胶树(Heveabrasiliensis)或橡胶树)是众所周知的天然橡胶(也称为聚异戊二烯)源。橡胶源例如巴西橡胶树、印度胶树(Ficuselastic)(印度橡胶树)和桉叶藤(Cryptostegiagrandiflora)(马达加斯加橡胶藤)产生以树液形式的天然橡胶,其中橡胶悬浮于自由流动的水性溶液中并且可通过植物割浆进行回收。多种非三叶胶植物也已知含有天然橡胶,但它们的橡胶贮存于植物(例如茎、根或叶)的个别细胞内,并且无法通过割浆获取,而是仅可通过经由物理或其他方法破坏细胞壁来获取。因此,用于从非三叶胶植物中取出橡胶的方法一般比用于从三叶胶树中收获橡胶的方法更复杂和更有必要。对于非三叶胶植物使用基于有机溶剂的橡胶提取方法导致分离的橡胶和渣滓流。渣滓含有一定数量的在橡胶提取方法中利用的任何有机溶剂。
发明内容
用于从非三叶胶植物中取出橡胶的基于有机溶剂的方法的副产物的一部分是一定数量的湿渣滓或湿不溶性植物物质。湿渣滓含有来自植物的在有机溶剂中未溶解的材料(即,大多数纤维素型材料连同一定数量的污垢)和来自橡胶取出方法的残留有机溶剂。本文公开的是用于从湿渣滓中去除有机溶剂的方法。
在第一个实施例中,提供了用于从湿渣滓中去除有机溶剂的方法。该方法包括利用一定数量的湿渣滓,所述湿渣滓含有高达45重量%的合并有机溶剂和水(基于湿渣滓的总重量)以及不超过0.1重量%的橡胶;将湿渣滓加热到至少100℃的温度,由此有机溶剂被蒸发;并且产生含有不超过1重量%的有机溶剂的干燥渣滓。
具体实施方式
本文公开的是用于从湿渣滓中去除有机溶剂的方法。
定义
如本文所述的术语仅用于描述实施例,并且不应解释为限制就整体而言的本发明。
如本文使用的,术语非三叶胶植物意欲包含在植物的个别细胞内包含天然橡胶的植物。
如本文使用的,术语“渣滓”用于指来自非三叶胶植物的地上部分或剁碎的植物物质,所述地上部分或剁碎的植物物质是不溶性的并且因此通过有机溶剂悬浮而不是溶解。如本文使用的,渣滓应理解为包括污垢和灰,除非另有说明。
如本文使用的,术语“植物物质”意指得自非三叶胶植物的材料。除非另有说明,否则植物物质可包括根、茎、树皮、木质材料、髓、叶和污垢。
如本文使用的,术语“树脂”意指非三叶胶植物物质中存在的天然存在的非橡胶化学实体,包括但不限于树脂(例如萜类)、脂肪酸、蛋白质和无机材料。
如本文使用的,术语“污垢”(例如与通过本文公开的方法产生的固体纯化橡胶结合使用的)意指特别是在收获后可与非三叶胶植物结合的非植物材料,例如土壤、砂粒、粘土和小石头。固体纯化橡胶中的污垢含量可通过将固体橡胶完全再溶解并将溶液倾倒通过45微米筛进行测定。筛随后用另外的溶剂清洗并干燥。保留在筛上的材料重量代表固体纯化橡胶的“污垢”含量。
方法
在第一个实施例中,提供了用于从湿渣滓中去除有机溶剂的方法。该方法包括利用一定数量的湿渣滓,所述湿渣滓含有高达45重量%的合并有机溶剂和水(基于湿渣滓的总重量)以及不超过0.1重量%的橡胶;将湿渣滓加热到至少100℃的温度,由此有机溶剂被蒸发;并且产生含有不超过1重量%的有机溶剂的干燥渣滓。
在第一个实施例的第一个子实施例中,提供了用于从湿银胶菊渣滓中去除有机溶剂的方法。该方法包括利用一定数量的湿银胶菊渣滓,所述湿银胶菊渣滓含有高达45重量%的合并有机溶剂和水(基于湿渣滓的总重量)以及不超过0.1重量%的橡胶。通过下述将湿银胶菊渣滓加热至大于100℃的温度:将湿银胶菊渣滓置于含有多个层的装置中,使经加热的空气循环通过装置的层,并且使湿银胶菊渣滓从一个层传递到另一个,由此有机溶剂被蒸发。在有机溶剂蒸发后,产生含有不超过1重量%的有机溶剂的干燥银胶菊渣滓。
在第一个实施例的第二个子实施例中,提供了用于从湿银胶菊渣滓中去除有机溶剂的方法。该方法包括利用一定数量的湿银胶菊渣滓,所述湿银胶菊渣滓含有高达45重量%的合并丙酮和己烷(基于湿银胶菊渣滓的总重量)以及不超过0.1重量%的橡胶。将湿银胶菊渣滓加热至大于100℃的温度,由此有机溶剂被蒸发。在有机溶剂蒸发后,产生含有不超过1重量%的有机溶剂的干燥银胶菊渣滓。
渣滓源可以是多种非三叶胶含橡胶植物中的一种或多种。更具体而言,渣滓通常起因于对非三叶胶含橡胶植物物质进行的橡胶提取方法(例如有机溶剂提取)。考虑多种基于有机溶剂的方法可用于从非三叶胶含橡胶植物物质中提取橡胶,所述非三叶胶含橡胶植物物质产生湿渣滓。示例性基于有机溶剂的方法公开于美国专利申请序列号61/607,448、61/607,460和61/607,469中,所述专利申请各自的完整公开内容以引用的方式并入本文。
在第一个实施例的某些实施例(例如本文描述的第一个和第二个子实施例)中,渣滓来自银胶菊灌木。更具体而言,此类渣滓通常起因于对银胶菊灌木植物物质进行的橡胶提取方法。
如先前讨论的,在本文描述的第一个实施例以及第一个和第二个子实施例中,湿渣滓或湿银胶菊渣滓各自含有高达45重量%的合并有机溶剂和水(基于湿渣滓的总重量)。有机溶剂包含用于从非三叶胶植物物质中取出橡胶和树脂的任何有机溶剂。湿渣滓还可含有不同量的水以及不同但一般极少量的未被提取的橡胶和未被提取的树脂。在根据本文公开的方法的第一个实施例的某些实施例中以及在本文公开的方法的第一个和第二个子实施例的某些实施例中,湿渣滓含有高达7-10重量%水和高达0.1重量%未被提取的橡胶连同一定量的未被提取的树脂。优选地,根据本文公开的方法的第一个实施例以及根据本文公开的方法的第一个和第二个子实施例,湿渣滓含有不超过8-10重量%的有机溶剂。优选地,根据本文公开的方法的第一个实施例以及根据本文公开的方法的第一个和第二个子实施例,湿渣滓含有不超过0.05重量%的合并的未被提取的橡胶。
如先前讨论的,在第一个实施例中以及根据第一个和第二个子实施例,将湿渣滓或湿银胶菊渣滓加热至大于100℃的温度,由此有机溶剂被蒸发。取决于用于加热湿渣滓或湿银胶菊渣滓的装置类型,可能可以利用略微低于100℃的温度,例如70-100℃的温度,如工作实例中例示的。在根据第一个实施例的某些实施例中以及根据第一个和第二个子实施例的某些实施例中,将湿渣滓或湿银胶菊渣滓加热到110至220℃之间的温度。在根据第一个实施例的某些其他实施例中以及根据第一个和第二个子实施例的某些实施例中,将湿渣滓或湿银胶菊渣滓加热到100至150℃之间的温度。在根据第一个实施例的另外其他实施例中以及根据第一个和第二个子实施例的某些实施例中,将湿渣滓或湿银胶菊渣滓加热到125至150℃之间的温度。
如本领域技术人员应当理解的,湿渣滓或湿银胶菊渣滓的加热在其期间继续的特定时间可受诸如下述因素影响:湿渣滓数量、湿渣滓的合并有机溶剂和水的含量、它加热至其的温度。在根据本文公开的方法的第一个实施例的某些实施例中以及在根据本文公开的方法的第一个和第二个子实施例的某些实施例中,湿渣滓(或湿银胶菊渣滓)的加热发生30秒至1.5小时,包括在100-150℃的温度下5分钟至90分钟。在根据本文公开的方法的第一个实施例的某些实施例中以及在根据本文公开的方法的第一个和第二个子实施例的某些实施例中,加热在至少110℃的温度下发生不超过10分钟。在根据本文公开的方法的第一个实施例的其他实施例中以及根据本文公开的方法的第一个和第二个子实施例,加热在至少125℃的温度下发生不超过8分钟。
如先前讨论的,在本文公开的方法的第一个实施例中以及在本文公开的方法的第一个和第二个子实施例中,干燥渣滓含有不超过1重量%的有机溶剂(基于干燥渣滓的总重量)。除干燥渣滓的有机溶剂含量之外,干燥渣滓还可含有一定数量的水和较高沸点的萜类。一般地,在干燥渣滓中水和较高沸点的萜类的总数量可高于有机溶剂的含量。干燥渣滓中的树脂含量(包括较高沸点的萜类)一般是可接受的,并且在一些情况下,实际上是优选的,因为树脂在其中干燥渣滓被压块或以其他方式被压缩的那些实施例中可以是有帮助的。在本文公开的方法的第一个实施例的某些实施例中,干燥渣滓含有不超过0.5重量%的有机溶剂(基于干燥渣滓的总重量)。
如先前讨论的,在本文公开的方法的第一个实施例中以及在本文公开的方法的第一个和第二个子实施例中,将湿渣滓或湿银胶菊渣滓加热到至少100℃的温度,由此有机溶剂被蒸发。多种方法可用于湿渣滓的加热。在根据第一个实施例的某些实施例中,以及根据本文公开的第一个和第二个实施例,湿渣滓(或湿银胶菊渣滓)加热至先前提供的温度在选自下述之一的装置中发生:i.含有多个层的干燥器,从而使经加热的空气循环通过装置的层,并且使湿银胶菊渣滓从一个层传递到另一个,由此有机溶剂被蒸发;ii.含有多个桨叶的干燥器,所述多个桨叶用于将湿渣滓与经加热的空气混合,以蒸发有机溶剂;或iii.脱溶剂螺杆挤出机。在某些此类实施例中,加热通过下述实现:将湿渣滓(或湿银胶菊渣滓)置于含有多个层的装置中,使经加热的空气循环通过装置的层,并且使湿渣滓从一个层传递到另一个。用于实现湿渣滓(或湿银胶菊渣滓)的此类加热的合适设备包括连续托盘型干燥器,包括具有旋转托盘和分布托盘的干燥器,例如可得自WyssmontCompany(FortLee,NewJersey)的干燥器。在其他实施例中,加热通过将湿渣滓(或湿银胶菊渣滓)置于含有多个桨叶的干燥器内实现,所述多个桨叶用于将湿渣滓与经加热的空气混合,以蒸发有机溶剂。用于实现湿渣滓(或湿银胶菊渣滓)的此类加热的合适设备包括连续型风扫管式干燥器,包括具有用于将湿渣滓与经加热的空气混合的桨叶或挡板的干燥器,例如可得自ScottEquipmentCo.,NewPrague,Minnesota的干燥器。关于示例性风扫管式干燥器的更多细节在美国专利号5,570,517中提供,所述专利的完整公开内容以引用的方式并入本文。在另外其他实施例中,加热通过将湿渣滓(或湿银胶菊渣滓)置于脱溶剂螺杆挤出机中来实现。在其他实施例中,加热通过加热的流来实现。加热还可使用脱溶剂装置、干燥器和/或冷却器来实现。
在根据本文公开的方法的第一个实施例的某些实施例中以及根据本文公开的方法的第一个和第二个子实施例,从湿渣滓中去除有机溶剂的方法还包括使蒸发的有机溶剂冷凝并与干燥渣滓分开收集有机溶剂。
根据第一个子实施例,提供了用于从湿银胶菊渣滓中去除有机溶剂的方法。该方法包括提供一定数量的湿银胶菊渣滓,所述湿银胶菊渣滓含有高达45重量%的合并有机溶剂和水(基于湿银胶菊渣滓的总重量)以及不超过0.1重量%的橡胶。(有机溶剂包括可用于橡胶提取方法中的任何极性有机溶剂和非极性有机溶剂)。通过下述将湿银胶菊渣滓加热到100至200℃之间的温度:将湿银胶菊渣滓置于含有多个层的装置中,使经加热的空气循环通过装置的层,并且使湿银胶菊渣滓从一个层传递到另一个,由此有机溶剂被蒸发。在有机溶剂蒸发后,产生含有不超过1重量%的有机溶剂的干燥渣滓。
在根据本文公开的方法的第一个子实施例的某些实施例中,加热在至少110℃的温度下发生不超过10分钟。在根据本文公开的方法的第一个子实施例的其他实施例中,加热在至少125℃的温度下发生不超过8分钟。
根据第二个子实施例,提供了用于从湿银胶菊渣滓中去除有机溶剂的方法。该方法包括提供一定数量的湿银胶菊渣滓,所述湿银胶菊渣滓含有高达40重量%的合并丙酮、己烷和水(基于湿银胶菊渣滓的总重量)以及不超过0.1重量%的橡胶。将湿银胶菊渣滓加热至大于100℃的温度,由此丙酮和己烷被蒸发。在有机溶剂蒸发后,产生含有不超过1重量%的合并重量的丙酮和己烷的干燥渣滓。
如先前讨论的,根据第二个子实施例,将湿银胶菊渣滓加热至大于100℃的温度,由此有机溶剂被蒸发。在根据第二个实施例的某些实施例中,将湿银胶菊渣滓加热到110至200℃之间的温度。
在根据本文公开的方法的第二个子实施例的某些实施例中,加热在100至200℃之间的温度下发生不超过10分钟。在根据本文公开的方法的第二个实施例的其他实施例中,加热在105至130℃的温度下发生不超过8分钟。
如先前讨论的,根据本文公开的方法的第一个实施例以及第一个和第二个子实施例,干燥渣滓含有不超过1重量%的有机溶剂(基于干燥渣滓的总重量)。除干燥渣滓的有机溶剂含量之外,干燥渣滓还可含有一定数量的水和较高沸点的萜类。一般地,在干燥渣滓中水和较高沸点的萜类的总数量可高于有机溶剂的含量。水和较高沸点的萜类的总数量可改变,尽管水量优选降到最低至不超过10重量%(基于干燥渣滓的总重量),甚至更优选不超过5重量%。在本文公开的方法的某些此类实施例中,干燥渣滓含有不超过0.5重量%的有机溶剂(基于干燥渣滓的总重量)。在本文公开的方法的另外其他此类实施例中,干燥渣滓含有不超过0.2重量%的有机溶剂(基于干燥渣滓的总重量)。
如先前讨论的,根据本文公开的方法的第二个子实施例,将湿银胶菊渣滓加热至大于100℃的温度,由此丙酮和己烷被蒸发。多种方法可用于湿银胶菊渣滓的加热。在本文公开的方法的第二个子实施例的一个实施例中,加热通过下述来实现:将湿银胶菊渣滓置于含有多个层的装置中,使经加热的空气循环通过装置的层,并且使湿银胶菊渣滓从一个层传递到另一个。用于实现此类加热的合适设备包括连续托盘型干燥器,例如可得自WyssmontCompany(FortLee,NewJersey)的干燥器。在本文公开的方法的第二个实施例的其他实施例中,加热通过使用其他装置包括上文讨论的装置来实现。
在根据本文公开的方法的第二个子实施例的某些实施例中,从湿银胶菊渣滓中去除丙酮和己烷的方法还包括使蒸发的有机溶剂冷凝并与干燥渣滓分开收集有机溶剂。
在根据本文公开的方法的第一个实施例的某些实施例中以及根据本文公开的方法的第一个和第二个子实施例,干燥渣滓通过压缩机进行压缩,以形成经压缩的材料。在某些实施例中,经压缩的材料是压块或团块,所述压块或团块具有的密度比未压缩的剁碎的植物物质的密度高150-325%。在另外其他实施例中,压块具有的密度比未压缩的剁碎的植物物质的密度高40-100%。具有此类密度的压块可提供在更容易产生以及更容易磨碎并溶解于有机溶剂方面的优点。在某些实施例中,压块具有3至8.5磅/加仑(0.4至1kg/升)的密度。该密度是压块的真密度(排除孔的体积)而不是堆密度。存在用于测定多孔固体的真密度的多种方法(例如光学、气体膨胀和液体吸胀),并且是本领域技术人员已知的,但它们一般均必需测量多孔固体内存在的孔体积,使得该体积可从用于计算真密度的体积中排除。
如本文使用的,术语压块和团块可互换使用,并且应广泛解释为包含多种形式或形状,包括但不限于团块、立方体、矩形固体、球形固体、蛋形固体、块和饼。存在用于将渣滓压紧成压块的多种方法。一种由渣滓制备压块的方法是利用商业压块机来制备压块。多个公司制造这些机器并且它们可以多种尺寸和规格获得。示例性压块机包括由K.R.Komarek,Inc.(WoodDale,IL)制造的压块机,包括辊型压块机型号B100R和BR200QC。一般地,压块机利用辊型系统来压紧材料,伴随或不伴随对被压缩的材料添加粘合剂。压力可通过机器以不同量施加,取决于利用的机器、切片的植物物质的特性和压块中所需的特性。在某些实施例中,来自银胶菊灌木的渣滓的压块使用压块机制备。在前述实施例的某些中,在渣滓植物物质被压缩成压块前,对渣滓植物物质施加粘合剂。在这些实施例的某些中,粘合剂包含在橡胶提取过程期间已从植物物质中提取的树脂(例如银胶菊树脂)。其他由非三叶胶植物制备渣滓压块的方法可用于本文公开的方法和系统的范围内。在这方面,名称为“ProcessesForRecoveringRubberFromNon-HeveaPlantsUsingBriquettes”的美国专利申请序列号61/607,475的公开内容以引用的方式并入本文。
实例
实例1:模拟的湿渣滓通过将73.84克己烷、18.44克丙酮和228.48克渣滓混合在一起进行制备。渣滓已在湿银胶菊团块的有机溶剂提取和溶剂清洗后获得。在有机溶剂前,发现湿银胶菊团块含有11.74重量%水分、6.67重量%橡胶(干重基础)和8.44重量%树脂(干重基础)。在湿渣滓中使用前,分析渣滓并发现含有8.19重量%水分、1.55重量%橡胶和2.56重量%树脂。将模拟的湿渣滓置于设为125℃的热板上预热的64盎司不锈钢碗中。用机械混合器搅动湿渣滓。在不同干燥时间获得样品。通过热重量分析测量挥发物百分比。通过顶空气相色谱法分析己烷+丙酮重量%。发现渣滓中干燥至残留溶剂水平(即己烷+丙酮)不超过0.5重量%的时间为约6分钟。结果在表1中报告。
实例2:使一定数量的溶剂-湿渣滓通过盘式干燥器进行加工,以便去除溶剂并产生干渣滓。溶剂-湿渣滓起因于下述一般过程:使银胶菊灌木材料经受粉碎(切片以使灌木粉碎为1-3”尺寸小片),随后为锤磨并随后使用1”筛进行筛选),使粉碎的银胶菊灌木材料经受溶剂提取(使用80%己烷、20%丙酮),以从银胶菊灌木材料中去除大多数橡胶和树脂。将溶剂-湿渣滓进料到不锈钢盘式干燥器内。干燥器含有16个干燥托盘和4个冷却托盘。盘式干燥器这样配置,以便允许经加热的空气在每个托盘顶部和顶部上循环。盘式干燥器内部的温度维持在70-85℃下,并且盘式干燥器内部的大气维持在+25至-10英寸的H2O。允许渣滓在盘式干燥器中保留大约1-1.5小时。进入盘式干燥器的溶剂-湿渣滓具有约40-75重量%的溶剂含量,并且离开盘式干燥器的渣滓具有不超过约1500ppm的溶剂含量。
实例3:使一定数量的溶剂-湿渣滓通过脱溶剂螺杆挤出机进行加工,以便去除溶剂并产生更干的渣滓。将得自先前试验的干燥银胶菊渣滓用溶剂(己烷)湿润,以产生含有70重量%溶剂和30重量%渣滓的组合物。将溶剂-湿渣滓进料到脱溶剂螺杆挤出机内。螺杆挤出机配置为允许输入渣滓,随后为己烷进料。将两个溶剂槽置于挤出机下方以收集溶剂,其中在第一溶剂槽上方的挤出机中具有0.3mm缝隙和密封配置,并且在第二溶剂槽上方的挤出机中具有0.15mm缝隙和密封配置。包括溶剂槽的挤出机区域视为脱水带。在脱水带之后为在200目滤器上方的另一个脱气真空,随后为另一个真空,在这之后更干燥的渣滓经由模具离开挤出机。发现积极(aggressive)(即更稠和更紧密的)密封的使用导致不希望的渣滓材料压紧;变成较不积极的密封允许脱水在溶剂槽1中开始。
如下表2中概括的,研究多种操作条件。在以后的试验中,因为干渣滓的量是有限的,再循环的渣滓(含有10-20重量%溶剂)通过与己烷混合以制备含有30%溶剂的进料而再使用。尽管在进料到螺杆挤出机内的溶剂-湿渣滓上的溶剂含量降低,对于在挤出机端部附近存在的脱气真空仍经历关于堵塞的问题,使得仅在一种情况下能够在200目滤器上抽真空。
对于在说明书或权利要求书中使用术语“包括”,它意欲作为与术语“包含”类似的方式的包括,如该术语在权利要求书中用作过渡词时所解释的。此外,对于使用术语“或”(例如A或B),它意指“A或B或两者”。当申请人意欲表示“仅A或B但并非A和B两者”时,则使用术语“仅A或B但并非两者”。因此,在本文中术语“或”的使用为包括性的而非排除性的使用。参见BryanA.Garner,ADictionaryofModernLegalUsage624(1995年第2版)。此外,对于在说明书或权利要求书中使用术语“在……中”或“在……内”,它另外意指“在……上”或“在……之上”。此外,对于在说明书或权利要求书中使用术语“连接”,它不仅意指“直接连接至”,还意指“间接连接至”,例如通过另一部件或多个部件连接。
尽管本申请已通过其实施例的描述进行说明,并且尽管已相当详细地描述了实施例,但本申请人不预期将所附权利要求书的范围局限或以任何方式限制至这种细节。本领域技术人员容易想到另外的优点和修饰。因此,本申请在其更广泛的方面并不限于所显示和描述的具体细节、代表性的装置和说明性的实例。因此,在不背离申请人的总体发明概念的精神或范围的情况下,可偏离这种细节。

Claims (16)

1.一种用于从湿渣滓中去除有机溶剂的方法,所述方法包括:
利用一定数量的湿渣滓,所述湿渣滓含有高达45重量%的合并有机溶剂和水(基于所述湿渣滓的总重量)以及不超过0.1重量%的橡胶;
将所述湿渣滓加热到至少100℃的温度,由此所述有机溶剂被蒸发;
产生含有不超过1重量%的有机溶剂的干燥渣滓。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述渣滓来自银胶菊灌木。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述加热在选自下述的装置中发生:
i.含有多个层的干燥器,从而使经加热的空气循环通过所述装置的所述层,并且使所述湿银胶菊渣滓从一个层传递到另一个,由此所述有机溶剂被蒸发;
ii.含有多个桨叶的干燥器,所述多个桨叶用于将所述湿渣滓与经加热的空气混合,以蒸发所述有机溶剂;或
iii.脱溶剂螺杆挤出机,
从而产生含有不超过1重量%的有机溶剂的干燥银胶菊渣滓。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述加热在至少110℃的温度下发生不超过10分钟。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述加热在125℃的温度下发生不超过8分钟。
6.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述加热在至少125℃的温度下发生不超过7分钟。
7.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述干燥渣滓含有不超过0.5重量%的有机溶剂。
8.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述加热利用装置(i)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述经加热的空气具有100-150℃的温度。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述经加热的空气具有125-150℃的温度。
11.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述湿渣滓在所述装置中保留5-90分钟。
12.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述加热通过经加热的流来实现。
13.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,所述方法还包括使所述蒸发的有机溶剂冷凝并与所述干燥渣滓分开收集所述有机溶剂。
14.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,所述方法还包括使所述干燥渣滓压缩成压块,所述压块具有的密度比未压缩的所述干燥渣滓的密度高至少40%。
15.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述合并的溶剂是丙酮和己烷。
16.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述干燥渣滓含有不超过0.2重量%的有机溶剂。
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