CN104995012B - 用于一组由塑料材料制成的至少两个容器的包装 - Google Patents

用于一组由塑料材料制成的至少两个容器的包装 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104995012B
CN104995012B CN201480009105.1A CN201480009105A CN104995012B CN 104995012 B CN104995012 B CN 104995012B CN 201480009105 A CN201480009105 A CN 201480009105A CN 104995012 B CN104995012 B CN 104995012B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
container
edge
solder joint
equipment
group
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201480009105.1A
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English (en)
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CN104995012A (zh
Inventor
D·施瓦布
M·科瓦佐
A·迪南
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Erca SA
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Erca SA
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Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/30—Electrical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/76—Making non-permanent or releasable joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B29C65/782—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7858—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus characterised by the feeding movement of the parts to be joined
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
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    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B29C66/1312—Single flange to flange joints, the parts to be joined being rigid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5346—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B29C66/53461—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat joining substantially flat covers and/or substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
    • B29C66/81429—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth comprising a single tooth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B65B61/00—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on sheets, blanks, webs, binding material, containers or packages
    • B65B61/02—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on sheets, blanks, webs, binding material, containers or packages for perforating, scoring, slitting, or applying code or date marks on material prior to packaging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
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    • B65D21/02—Containers specially shaped, or provided with fittings or attachments, to facilitate nesting, stacking, or joining together
    • B65D21/0201—Containers specially shaped, or provided with fittings or attachments, to facilitate nesting, stacking, or joining together stackable or joined together side-by-side
    • B65D21/0206—Separate rigid or semi-rigid trays or cups joined together, e.g. separate trays connected by single foil closure or crimped together
    • B65D21/0208—Separate rigid or semi-rigid trays or cups joined together, e.g. separate trays connected by single foil closure or crimped together by bonding, adhesive, hook and loop-type fastener or the like

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Abstract

容器(18)被分组热压成形，随后被填充并封闭。接着容器被分开并相邻地布置成使得它们各自的边缘(19)的节段彼此面对并在彼此之间限定分离线(19’)。至少一个焊点(36)被制成在所述线上，从而在面对边缘的节段之间形成可分开的连接。

Description

用于一组由塑料材料制成的至少两个容器的包装
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制造容器的方法，在该方法中设置一组由塑料材料制成的至少两个容器，每个容器均具有本体和边缘。
背景技术
已知由塑料材料制成的容器能够被成组包装，每组均包括多个容器。特别地，这样的容器容纳诸如酸奶、蜜饯等食品。第一种包装选项是使容器彼此分离但是在相同包装中(例如，在外罩中或在将它们保持在一起的拉伸包装物中)归于一组。在这种选项的情况下，为了吃到或喝到容器中的内容物，使用者必须从外罩中取出容器或者除去包装物。这种包装相对昂贵，因为其需要外部元件(外罩或包装物)。此外，使用者所需的处理相对费力，因为例如一旦包装物被去除，容器就不再被归于一组，且不能作为单个单元处理。此外，外罩或包装物构成废物。
为了克服这些缺点，已知可以制造经由容器的边缘连接在一起的容器。
例如从专利文献FR2532240A1、DE19921033A1和EP0050083A1中，已知用于将由塑料材料制成的容器经由它们的边缘连接在一起的装置。用这些装置，通过热压成形或通过注射成型而单独制造的容器被连接在一起。
另一种可能性是由塑料材料的单个片材加热形成容器，它们的边缘大体上保留在片材的初始平面中。例如，容器由被逐步地驱动同时从卷轴上展开的同一片材制造，或容器被成组制造，每组均由塑料材料的片材或板制成。为了更容易地将容器彼此分开，在由所述边缘限定的区域中形成缺口或刻痕。
因而，以低成本实现了易于使用的、归于一组的容器。然而，困难之处在于如何成功地破裂沿着其使边缘连接在一起的线。为了克服上述困难，所选的热塑材料是一种既可热压成形也易于破裂的材料。因此，一般而言，这样的容器由聚苯乙烯制成。然而，聚苯乙烯相对昂贵，且仅因为其难以循环利用而在一定程度上对环境有害。但是，具有形成容器(例如，适于容纳食品的容器)所需的性能的其他材料却不一定具有当他们被割开缺口或刻痕时容易破裂的能力。其采用例如聚丙烯。
发明内容
为此，本发明的一个目的是提出一种形成、填充和密封容器的方法，在该方法中，容器可通过被连接在一起而归于一组，同时也使该连接能够易于破裂，即使材料本身不易于以聚苯乙烯的方式破裂。
因此，本发明提供了一种形成、填充和密封由塑料材料制成的一组至少两个容器的方法，该方法包括：用塑料材料的相同片材热压成形容器，每个容器具有本体和限定开口的边缘；填充容器；通过越过容器的开口放置盖来封闭容器；以及通过将容器从片材上分别地切断来分开容器；以及，在容器被分开之后，方法还包括：将彼此相邻的容器放置成使得容器的各自的边缘的节段彼此面对并在节段之间限定相邻的容器之间的分离线；以及，在分离线上，形成至少一个焊点，所述焊点在面对边缘的节段之间形成易破裂的连接。
因此，与通过用诸如聚苯乙烯的材料热压成形容器来制造容器的常规方法相比，代替在相邻的容器的边缘之间仅形成缺口或刻痕，所述边缘以这样的方式被切断，即完全彼此分开容器。于是，在本发明的方法中，一个或多个焊点形成在需要被归于一组的相邻的容器之间的分离线上。
利用本发明，选择具有初始彼此分开的容器，同时将容器放置成使得它们的边缘的面对彼此的节段实际上彼此接触，因为面对边缘之间的距离几乎为零。例如，容器可用热塑材料的相同片材热压成形而成，随后通过从所述片材被切断而彼此分开。
从容器最初分组制造开始，随后被分开，本发明选择在容器之间形成一个或多个焊点。特别地，观察当容器由聚丙烯的相同片材热压成形时的情况，申请人注意到这样的焊点比在沿着容器边缘的轮廓的小部分仅局部切断之后保持在片材中的连接更易于破裂。在本说明书的含义中，术语“易破裂”用于描述无需使用工具而是施加很小的手动作用力即引起破裂的可能性。术语“破裂”应理解为相同含义。
在本发明的含义中，术语“焊点”应理解为非常狭小的区域，其长度与边缘的轮廓的长度相比非常短。
在实施中，每个容器的边缘限定开口，所述至少一个焊点从容器的边缘的面对与容器的开口面对的方向相反的方向的这些面形成在相邻的容器之间的分离线上。
为了分开具有开口的容器，通过使它们的开口朝向彼此移动，该趋势引起它们相对于彼此旋转。申请人注意到，通过从每个边缘的面对与开口面对的方向相反的方向的面形成焊点，在这样的枢转期间，焊点受到最大化的牵引力，从而便于破裂。此外，从开口所位于的面上看不见或几乎看不见焊点，所述面通常为更明显的面。此外，如果容器中的开口被盖或膜密封件封闭，则在形成焊点时，所述盖或密封件的存在不会妨碍形成焊点。
在实施中，焊点延伸面对边缘的厚度的仅若干分之一。
如此设置使得，当试图通过枢转容器来分开两个相邻容器时，它们各自的边缘的定位成形成焊点的边能够用作推力点，从而形成便于焊点破裂的杠杆轴线。
在实施中，焊点通过局部熔化塑料材料而形成。
因此，熔接无需任何外部材料的添加且以非常简单和便宜的方式形成。
在实施中，塑料材料包括聚丙烯。
聚丙烯提供经济和环境方面的优点。根据本发明，可以制成归于一组的聚丙烯容器，同时还能够使所述容器通过破裂将容器连接在一起的焊点而被分开。
在实施中，盖是以连续条带的形式放置在容器的开口之上的膜密封件，而且当容器被分开时密封件被切断。
本发明也提供一种用于形成、填充以及密封容器的设备。
如本文的开始所述，已知通过将容器放在外罩中或将容器包裹在拉伸包装物中，可以将初始分开的容器归于一组。根据现有技术的另一部分，已知仅通过对塑料材料形成缺口或刻痕而限定所述边缘，可以保持相邻容器的边缘之间的连接。鉴于现有技术的上述缺点，本发明的一个目的是提供一种可以简单和经济的方式在归于一组的容器之间获得易破裂的链接的设备。
因此，本发明的用于形成、填充以及密封容器的设备包括：热压成形站，适于用塑料材料的片材热压成形容器，每个容器具有本体和限定开口的边缘；以及输送机，用于运送热压成形的容器，这些容器以经由片材的一部分连接在一起的至少两个相邻的容器来分组；填充站，用于填充容器；密封站，用于封闭容器；切割站，适于分别地从片材切断容器以便将它们分开；以及，从容器切割站沿容器被运送的方向的下游，设备还包括工具，用于将该组相邻的容器放置成使得容器的各自的边缘的节段彼此面对并在节段之间限定相邻的容器之间的分离线；而且，它还包括熔接工具，适于在分离线上形成至少一个焊点，所述焊点在面对的边缘之间形成易破裂的连接。
因此，本发明的设备可以在初始分开的相邻的容器的面对边缘之间形成一个或多个焊点，以便使它们能够以易破裂的方式连接在一起。熔接工具被集成到用于形成、填充和密封容器的“形成-填充-密封”型设备。它仅构成一个易于安装、无需相当的额外费用的站。
在一个实施例中，该设备具有至少一个熔接电极和用于施加所述电极抵靠容器的边缘的这些面的工具，所述面均面对与它们的开口面对的方向相反的方向。
在一个实施例中，该设备具有间隔开的至少两个熔接电极。
在一个实施例中，该设备具有以这样的方式使该组容器保持分开的工具，即，对于每个组而言，容器的面对边缘能够经由它们的那些面接近，所述面均面对与容器的开口所面对的方向相反的方向。
在一个实施例中，盖是以连续条带的形式放置在容器的开口之上的膜密封件，而且当容器被分开时，切割站适于切断密封件。
附图说明
通过阅读作为非限制性示例示出的实施例的以下详细描述，本发明能被充分理解且其优点变得更加清楚。该描述参照附图，其中：
图1是用于制造容器的设备的示意图，该设备包括本发明的装置且使本发明的方法能够实施；
图2示出被归于一组的两个容器，同时焊点形成在容器之间的分离线上；
图3是根据本发明获得的一组四个容器的俯视图；
图4是示出两个容器的面对边缘之间的焊点的放大图；
图5A是包装装置的一部分的俯视图；
图5B是在图5A的线VB-VB的截面上的局部视图；
图6是在容器正在被运送或储存的情况下的、两个相邻容器的边缘之间的接合区域的详细视图，根据本发明该接合由焊点形成；以及
图7是对应于图6的视图，此时，两个相邻容器正在被分开。
具体实施方式
首先，描述在图1中示意性示出的容器制造设备。该设备包括：加热站14，其中热塑材料被加热到能够使其塑性变形的温度；热压成形站16，其中容器18由热塑性条带10热压成形；填充站20，用于填充容器；密封站22，用于封闭容器；切割站24，用于切断容器；以及包装装置26；这些部件沿方向F连续地配置，其中热塑材料的条带10随着其从卷轴12上展开而沿该方向F前进。
在所示的示例中，容器由连续条带10热压成形。在本说明书的含义中，通常将认为，容器由热塑材料的片材热压成形。该片材可以呈如图1所示的连续条带的形式，或者呈板的形式，容器由该片材单独地或成组地热压成形。自然，如果容器单独地热压成形，那么切割站24并不总是必要的；除了在可能的情况下，如图1所示的示例中，密封件以连续条带23的形式被放置在容器的开口之上，那么切割站可能用于切断封闭容器的膜密封件。
容器特别适于容纳诸如酸奶、蜜饯等食品。因此，填充站20将这样的食品按所需比例注入容器。
尽管图1示出，在站22中，容器被来自连续条带23的盖子封闭，但是自然可以设置其他类型的密封站，例如跨越区段的开口放置单个盖子的站。
在常规方式中，切割站24包括切削片24A和对置工具24B，该对置工具与容器边缘的远离切削片24A的面配合。如图2和图3中更清晰可见，每个容器18均包括本体17和边缘19。通常，边缘位于容器在其中热压成形的片材的平面上，在热压成形期间，该区域中的材料大体上不会被拉拔。
在从切割站24退出时，容器由适于独立地运送它们的输送机28运送到包装装置26。例如，使用“步进梁”式输送机。在常规方式中，这样的输送机首先包括用于支撑容器的工具，其次包括运输工具，该运输工具握住容器并将它们向前运载一步，随后将它们放在设置于下游区域的支架上。
作为示例，图2示出了传输块体30，容器的底部17B可以安置在上述传输块体上，容器的底部与其开口17A相对。在该示例中，这些块体具有后跟30A，这些后跟抵靠容器的上游侧壁而轻微上翘，从而使得，通过沿下游方向F前进，所述块体使其运载的容器移动。在该示例中，支架由平行于前进方向F的轨道32形成，容器的边缘搁置在上述轨道上。由于电极34需要穿过中心轨道32以移动靠近容器的边缘，从而进行其熔接功能，所以所述轨道设置有供所述电极34穿过的通孔33。
如图1所示的示例中，当容器由连续条带热压成形时，该设备可具有夹持输送机式的第一输送机或逐步前进的类似机器，以便使条带10作为整体前进，随后，从切割站24的出口开始，其具有示出为28的那种类型的输送机，该输送机能运输单独的容器，优选地通过使它们保持归于一组。为了这个目的，步进梁输送机是可能的输送机的示例。为了简化附图，第一输送机未在图1中示出。
在图2中，可以理解的是，在包装装置26中，归于一组的容器18被放置为使得它们各自的边缘19的节段处于彼此面对的位置，同时在它们之间限定分离线。这种放置方式在图3中清晰可见，用于一组的四个容器，18A到18D。能够看出，容器18A的边缘19的节段19’A分别面对容器18B的边缘的节段19’B以及容器18D的边缘的节段19’D。容器18B的边缘的另一节段19’B面对容器18C的边缘的节段19’C，容器18C的另一节段19’C面对容器18D的边缘的另一节段19’D。各种面对节段以边对边的方式布置，同时彼此接触或几乎彼此接触，即，两个面对边缘节段之间的分离线19’的宽度非常小，甚至几乎可以忽略不计。
当容器以该方式被保持时，根据本发明，焊点被形成为使边缘节段彼此面对的两个容器互相连接。在图3所示的示例中，对于两个面对边缘节段之间的每条分离线，形成有三个焊点36。自然，可以设置不同数量的焊点。然而，具有沿着分离线间隔开的至少两个焊点是有利的。
在本发明的含义中，“焊点”是非常狭小的区域，其中，在两个容器的面对边缘之间通过熔接形成桥。沿分离线测量的话，这些焊点中的每个焊点的长度(参见图4)都很小。一般而言，它处于1毫米(mm)到12mm的范围中，优选地处于2mm到7mm的范围中，甚至更优选地处于3mm到5mm的范围中。构成焊点的每个区域的面积相当于熔接电极中的每一个的头部34A的面积。例如，所述头部呈圆形的、椭圆形的、或实际上正方形的或矩形的轮廓。上文指出的长度l因此可为熔接区域的直径，或实际上是熔接区域的横向或纵向尺寸。有利地，熔接区域的面积可小于150平方毫米(mm2)，且优选地大约处于10mm2到50mm2的范围内。
参照图2，可以回顾的是，在所示的示例中，输送机28首先包括传输块体30，其次包括用于容器的支架32。在图2中可以观察到，装置还包括保持板38，该保持板在块体30的相反侧与容器配合。因此，当容器被保持归于一组以便在包装装置中被连接到一起时，它们可以被夹在块体30与保持板38之间。在现阶段，如果必要的话，穿过支架32的电极移动靠近容器的边缘以便形成焊点。在所示的示例中，从边缘19的底面开始，即，从所述边缘的面对与容器的开口17A所面对的方向相反的方向的这些面开始，焊点形成在容器之间的分离线19’上，上述开口本身被盖18A覆盖。
图5A是从上方看到的保持板38的俯视图。其底表面适于至少在所述容器的边缘的区域中与容器的顶面配合，不仅用于保持容器，而且用于形成熔接电极34的对置工具。
此外，板38的底面可以被布置成将同一组的容器集中并从侧向保持这些容器。为此，板38具有多个集中构件。首先，这些构件包括集中芯部38A，该集中芯部在板38的底面下方突起，以与图3中可见的四个相邻容器的边缘之间的自由区域Z配合。其次，所述集中构件包括被设置在板38的边角处的集中斜坡38B，以及被设置在所述板的侧面上的集中斜坡38C，用以与位于该组容器的外周的容器边缘的边角配合。在图5B的剖视图中，可以看到，集中芯部38A与集中斜坡38B、38C具有远离板38的底面逐渐锥化的形状，以便于集中。如果一起考虑多个相邻板38，则它们的相邻集中斜坡38B或38C在一起考虑的情况下将形成形状类似于芯部38A的形状的集中芯部。
图5A也示出了熔接电极34的位置和传输块体30及支架32的布置。传输块体30被任何适合的工具驱动，例如，被致动器运载可以使得传输块体竖向和水平地移动。块体向上移动以运载容器并将它们在很小的程度上举离支架32，水平移动以将容器带到下一步，随后再次向下移回以将容器搁置在支架上，并回到其他容器下方的其初始位置。
一组四个容器的选择仅仅是示例，这就是本文更普遍地参照一组至少两个容器的原因。此外，通常，横向于前进方向F的一排容器包括两个以上的容器(例如，八个容器)。因此，即使对于四个容器的组，保持板38在F方向上能覆盖两个容器且在横向上能覆盖整排。
图6示出了所述容器的各自的边缘19之间的焊点的区域。可以看到，焊点36延伸边缘19的厚度E的仅若干分之一。因此，对于约1mm的厚度E而言，焊点36的厚度e可大约处于一毫米的2/10ths到一毫米的4/10ths的范围中。在图6中，为了易于理解，分离线19’的宽度ls被有意地放大。厚度方面的该差值可通过适当地选择电极加热材料所到达的温度和暴露于该温度的时间来获得。
如上所述，焊点有利地由电极形成。因此，熔接优选通过局部熔化塑料材料来进行，而不用添加任何外部材料。此外，图6示出由于局部熔化而造成的材料塑性变形的痕迹40。
在图7中，两个容器18正在被分开。为此，它们关于分离线19’而彼此相向折叠。该折叠自然地沿容器18的各自的盖18A朝向彼此运动的方向发生。在该运动期间，焊点36承受巨大牵引应力，特别是由于面对边缘节段的边缘面能接触，因此产生杠杆作用。如上所述，由于焊点的厚度很小且它们的总体尺寸很小，制成焊点的材料在这些牵引应力的作用下破裂，使得容器被分开。
热压成形容器的塑料材料有利地为聚丙烯，聚丙烯是一种对容器的内容物提供良好保护的材料(聚丙烯提供的对水蒸气的屏障大于聚苯乙烯所提供的屏障)，且易于循环利用。此外，聚丙烯的成本小于聚苯乙烯的成本。然而，与聚苯乙烯不同的是，聚丙烯在折叠的作用下不趋于破裂。然而，通过形成如上所述的狭小焊点，本发明可以形成归于一组的容器，且这些容器之间具有易破裂的连接，从而使容器能够单独使用。由于焊点被添加到初始分开的容器，所涉及的力不仅是折叠力，更确切地说它们也是牵引力，该牵引力可以实现所需的破裂。

Claims (12)

1.一种形成、填充和密封由塑料材料制成的一组至少两个容器(18)的方法，该方法包括：由塑料材料(10)的相同片材热压成形容器，每个容器均具有本体(17)和限定开口(17A)的边缘(19)；填充所述容器；通过越过所述容器的开口放置盖(18A)来封闭所述容器；以及通过将所述容器从所述片材上分别地切断来分开所述容器(18)；
所述方法的特征在于，在所述容器被分开之后，所述方法还包括：将彼此相邻的所述容器(18)放置成使得所述容器的各自的边缘(19)的节段彼此面对并在节段之间限定相邻的容器之间的分离线(19’)；以及，在所述分离线上，形成至少一个焊点(36)，所述焊点在面对的边缘节段之间形成易破裂的连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在每个容器(18)的边缘(19)限定开口(17A)的情况下，所述至少一个焊点(36)从所述容器的边缘的、面对与所述容器的开口面对的方向相反的方向的那些面形成在相邻的容器之间的分离线(19’)上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，至少两个焊点(36)以隔开的方式形成在所述分离线上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述焊点(36)延伸面对的边缘(19)的厚度(E)的仅若干分之一。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述焊点(36)通过局部熔化所述塑料材料而形成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述塑料材料包括聚丙烯。
7.根据权利要求1到6的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述盖(18A)是以连续条带(23)的形式放置在所述容器(18)的开口(17A)上的膜密封件，以及当所述容器被分开的同时，所述膜密封件被切断。
8.一种用于形成、填充以及密封容器的设备，该设备包括：热压成形站(16)，适于由塑料材料(10)的片材热压成形容器(18)，每个容器均具有本体(17)和限定开口(17A)的边缘(19)；以及输送机，用于运送以至少两个相邻的容器为一组的热压成形的容器，这些容器经由所述片材的一部分连接在一起；填充站(20)，用于填充所述容器；密封站(22)，用于通过盖(18A)封闭所述容器；以及切割站(24)，适于从所述片材分别地切断所述容器以便将它们分开；
所述设备的特征在于，从所述容器的切割站沿所述容器被运送的方向的下游，所述设备还包括用于放置所述组的相邻的容器的工具(28)，所述组的相邻的容器被放置成使得所述容器的各自的边缘(19)的节段彼此面对并在所述节段之间限定相邻的容器之间的分离线(19’)；以及，所述设备还包括熔接工具(34)，适于在所述分离线(19’)上形成至少一个焊点(36)，所述焊点在面对的边缘之间形成易破裂的连接。
9.根据权利要求8所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备具有至少一个熔接电极(34)和用于施加所述电极抵靠所述容器的边缘(19)的那些面的工具，那些面均面对与所述容器的开口(17A)面对的方向相反的方向。
10.根据权利要求9所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备具有间隔开的至少两个熔接电极(34)。
11.根据权利要求8到10中的任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备具有使所述组的容器保持分开的工具(32，38)，使得对于每组而言，所述容器(18)的面对的边缘(19)能够经由它们的那些面接近，所述面均面对与所述容器的开口(17A)所面对的方向相反的方向。
12.根据权利要求8到10中的任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述盖(18A)是以连续条带(23)的形式放置在所述容器(18)的开口(17A)上的膜密封件，以及当所述容器被分开时，所述切割站(24)适于切断所述膜密封件。
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