CN104105588B - 借助超声波焊接方法制造薄塑料膜构成的管状袋的方法和装置 - Google Patents

借助超声波焊接方法制造薄塑料膜构成的管状袋的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104105588B
CN104105588B CN201380008810.5A CN201380008810A CN104105588B CN 104105588 B CN104105588 B CN 104105588B CN 201380008810 A CN201380008810 A CN 201380008810A CN 104105588 B CN104105588 B CN 104105588B
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China
Prior art keywords
instrument
ultrasonic
processing instrument
tubular bag
welding
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201380008810.5A
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English (en)
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CN104105588A (zh
Inventor
汉斯-彼得·罗勒
卡斯滕·劳特兹
汉斯·彼得
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Pantec AG
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Pantec AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/0046—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by constructional aspects of the apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
    • B29C65/7443—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc by means of ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431—Joining the articles to themselves
    • B29C66/4312—Joining the articles to themselves for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles, e.g. transversal seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8161—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/849—Packaging machines
    • B29C66/8491—Packaging machines welding through a filled container, e.g. tube or bag
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9261—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/92611—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the gap between the joining tools
    • B29C66/92615—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the gap between the joining tools the gap being non-constant over time
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9261—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/92651—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools by using stops
    • B29C66/92655—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools by using stops by using several stops
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
    • B32B37/1045—Intermittent pressing, e.g. by oscillating or reciprocating motion of the pressing means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
    • B65B51/10—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
    • B65B51/22—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof by friction or ultrasonic or high-frequency electrical means, i.e. by friction or ultrasonic or induction welding
    • B65B51/225—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof by friction or ultrasonic or high-frequency electrical means, i.e. by friction or ultrasonic or induction welding by ultrasonic welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
    • B65B51/10—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
    • B65B51/26—Devices specially adapted for producing transverse or longitudinal seams in webs or tubes
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    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/741—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area characterised by the relationships between the joining step and the severing step
    • B29C65/7415—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area characterised by the relationships between the joining step and the severing step characterised by the pressure relationship between the joining step and the severing step
    • B29C65/7416—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area characterised by the relationships between the joining step and the severing step characterised by the pressure relationship between the joining step and the severing step the joining step and the severing step being performed at different pressures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
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    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B29C66/4322—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms by joining a single sheet to itself
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
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    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于制造两层或者多层薄塑料膜的方法和装置，所述薄塑料膜以用于分成份地容纳不同类型的产品的管状袋的形式被划分和分离，其中塑料膜以预先确定的间距设置有焊缝，所述焊缝基本上横向于纵向方向地走向，用于形成袋状容器，并且容器通过切割过程或者分离过程来分别彼此分开，其中该方法的特征在于包括以下步骤：a)以预先确定的间距借助超声波焊接方法对膜进行焊接，其中在焊接时在加工工具(1)和对应工具(2)之间保持限定的、与膜相关的间距；b)借助机械分离方法将这样焊接的管状袋分割，而在相应的焊接缝的部位上没有超声波激励或者具有减小的超声波激励。

Description

借助超声波焊接方法制造薄塑料膜构成的管状袋的方法和装置
本发明涉及一种用于制造薄塑料膜的方法和装置，所述薄塑料膜尤其是以用于容纳例如食品工业中的不同产品的管状袋的形式被一份一份地划分和分离。
为了制造和填充所谓的管状袋包装，将一层或者多层塑料膜以预先限定的间距相互连续地横向于行进方向焊接，并且在这样形成的焊接线上分离，由此将各管状袋彼此分开。尤其是在食品工业中，为此使用比较薄的塑料膜，例如由PP、PET或者复合塑料构成的塑料膜，其在竖直或者水平的管状袋包装机中连续地在管状袋包装的整个宽度上被焊接。
为了在这种管状袋情况下产生比较长的焊接线，在现有技术中迄今使用热焊接方法，其通过产生热来将塑料膜局部地相互焊接。然而，在热焊接方法中存在的危险是，产品余料会缠在焊接线之间(参见图4)。尤其是在轻的并且因此不好装料的产品(例如沙拉叶等等，其通常被竖直地包装)的情况下，会出现的是，一些产品余料残留在焊接线的区域中，这导致管状袋的不密封性并且由此导致在生产过程中的不希望的次品。为了防止这一点，在如今的这种热管状袋包装机中将生产速度保持比较低，由此产品具有足够的时间掉落到其中没有形成焊接线并且由此也不进行分离的区域中。因此，在现有技术中对于生产速度设置了明确的限制。此外，在这种热管状袋包装机中会由于焊接线和分离线的移位而在外部形成一种囊，产品余料同样会积聚在其中。这导致被包装产品的不卫生的印象，并且因此要尽可能地避免，以便将次品保持尽可能地少。
由EP1127794A2公开了一种用于密封管状袋的装置。管状袋在分离部位借助加工工具和对应工具通过超声波来相互焊接，其二者都设置有基本上平坦的端面。在焊接之后，管状袋通过在两个焊接部位之间的单独的切割装置来分离。
由GB2248796A公开了另一种用于焊接管状袋的装置，其中在此被施加超声波的加工工具被紧紧地朝着对应工具按压。随后，为了接下来的将焊接的管状袋分离，进一步提高按压力。
美国专利US3,816,216涉及一种用于连接热塑性聚合物(例如人造革)构成的材料带的方法，其通过被施加超声波的工具来相互连接，并且以特定方式彼此分离。借助该装置，在材料带的分离部位上产生圆的、软的切割面。
相应地，本发明所基于的任务是，提供一种用于制造一种管状袋形式的薄塑料膜的方法和装置，该管状袋用于分成份地容纳产品，其中较高的工艺速度是可能的，并且避免了由于不密封的焊接线或者在焊接线的区域中附着的或者残留的产品余料而导致的次品。
该任务借助带有根据权利要求1所述的步骤的方法以及借助具有权利要求5所述的特征的装置来解决。本发明的有利的扩展方案和改进方案是从属权利要求的主题。
根据本发明，提出了一种用于制造两层或者多层薄塑料膜的方法，所述薄塑料膜以用于分成份地容纳不同类型的产品的管状袋的形式被划分和分离，其中塑料膜以预先确定的间距设置有焊缝，所述焊缝基本上横向于纵向方向地走向，用于形成袋状容器，并且容器通过切割过程或者分离过程来分别彼此分开。
根据本发明的方法的特征在于以下步骤：
a)以预先确定的间距借助超声波焊接方法对膜进行焊接，其中在加工工具和对应工具之间保持横向焊接时的限定的、与膜相关的间距；
b)借助机械分离方法将这样焊接的管状袋分割，而在相应的焊接线或者焊接缝的部位上没有超声波激励(Ultraschallanregung)或者具有减小的超声波激励。
由此，借助本发明提出了一种两阶段的方法用于制造管状袋。在第一步骤中，在相应的焊接线上通过使用超声波焊接方法产生焊接缝，其中加工工具和多个模膛(Gravuren)具有相应的对应工具，在此彼此间以预先限定的、与膜相关的间距保持。在相同的递送运动内接下来的第二步骤中，管状袋然后被分别分割，也即在分离线上在焊接缝的区域中彼此分离，其中在此特意地关断超声波激励。
在第二步骤b)中的分割因此借助基本上纯粹机械的分离方法而没有超声波激励地进行。通过这种方式，可以借助比较高的工艺速度来形成紧密封闭的焊接缝，而并不存在产品余料缠绕在相应的焊接缝中的危险。与热焊接相对，在超声波焊接方法中，在非常薄的膜材料以及不好装料的产品情况下也产生了比较精确的焊接缝。
在一个可替选的装置和一种可替选的方法中，在焊接过程之后将幅度减小为使得可以无危险地进行切割过程。即幅度并不完全降为零，也就是说将超声波发生器关断，而是减小到10％至30％的值。
这样制造的焊接缝由此与产品类型无关地在焊接区域中产品余料的缠绕方面是非关键的。接下来的对管状袋的纯粹机械方式的分割尤其是也可以在非常薄的塑料膜情况下(其厚度例如在30μm的范围中)以及在大约5cm至数十厘米的焊接缝的长度情况下(其在当今的这种薄的管状袋的情况下是需要的)被容易地实施。焊接的密封性以高可靠性来保证，并且同时能够实现将以产品填充的各管状袋良好地彼此分离或者分开。通过在加工工具和对应工具之间的预先限定的最小加工间隙，此外保证了加工工具或者对应工具在超声波焊接时不被损坏。因为接下来对管状袋的分割借助机械方法进行而没有工具部件的超声波激励或者具有对工具部件的减小的超声波激励，所以对应工具和加工工具于是可以更接近地朝向彼此移动，使得借助切割边缘来在焊接线的区域中将各管状袋分离。
通过借助超声波焊接来进行焊接，不同于热焊接，在焊接线上引起材料的脆化，其能够实现比较容易地进行管状袋的随后的机械分离。在此，在例如数十厘米的长的区域上也可靠地保证了分离，这对应于一些这种管状袋的常见宽度。
根据本发明，在步骤a)之后，加工工具更接近地向对应工具引导。因为在步骤b)中为了分割焊接过的管状袋不再存在借助超声波的激励，所以两个工具部件于是可以没有损坏或者损毁的危险地比在超声波焊接情况下更接近地向彼此引导。由于该原因，可以相当简单地并且借助同一加工工具和对应工具地进行分离，以将焊接过的并且填充好的管状袋分割。
根据本发明的一个有利的扩展方案，在分离管状袋的步骤b)中，将加工工具和对应工具直接相互接触。在此，可以借助相应的引导装置和驱动装置来移动加工工具或者对应工具。可替选地，也可以将二者移动到彼此上。管状袋在分离线上的分离在该情况中通过两个工具部件的直接接触进行，并且由此通过侵入塑料膜的材料中进行，其中所述分离线在焊接缝的区域中。为此，优选工具部件之一以一种钝的刀刃的方式或者类似方式来构建，使得通过侵入塑料膜的材料中进行沿着整个分离线的可靠的分离。
根据本发明的另一个有利的扩展方案，根据机器驱动装置的控制、例如根据包装机的驱动装置的伺服曲线来控制加工工具的超声波激励的接通和关断。由此，根据本发明的方法可以容易地集成到现有的包装机中，并且工具部件的超声波激励的接通和关断直接对应于包装机的相应的加工阶段来进行。
根据本发明的另一有利的扩展方案，加工工具和对应加工工具在管状袋的每个加工时都连续地移动到一起，并且在此实施以下子步骤：
i)在加工工具的超声波激励期间移动对应工具直到碰到有弹性的间隔块(Distanzkloetze)并且执行焊接；
ii)在向间隔块内压缩(einfedern)期间关断加工工具的超声波激励，其中保持在工具的两个部件之间的基本上恒定的、平行的间距；
iii)克服弹性的间隔块的弹力并且进一步将工具的两个部件移动到一起以在分离线上进行分离；以及
iv)将工具的两个部件回移。
借助在一定程度上为四阶段的该工艺，可以保证对被填充的管状袋的可靠焊接，并且同样实现了在将各管状袋分离方面的准确结果。借助这样描述的四阶段的方法，以所述装置的比较简单的结构上的构型保证了在超声波焊接期间在工具部件之间的可靠的恒定间距。间隔块的弹力在此设置为使得其接下来可以通过所述装置的驱动而被进一步克服，并且也可以直接借助相同的工具部件、即借助加工工具和对应工具在焊接的区域中在分离线上进行分离。
根据本发明的一个相应的可替选的实施形式，没有设置弹性的间隔块，而是加工工具和对应工具在借助超声波的焊接时通过特定的控制装置来保持在限定的间距上。在此，对应工具可以通过弹簧与机器结构耦合。加工工具朝向对应工具移动，直到在对应工具和加工工具之间调节出预先确定的、与膜相关的间距或者间隙。在此，超声波激励已经在加工工具朝着对应工具移入之前被起动，使得加工工具在超声波激励下朝着要焊接的膜移入。在超声波激励停止之后，引入分离工艺，其方式是加工工具和对应工具进一步朝向彼此移动或者以更高的压力按压到彼此上。通过该最后的步骤，于是进行机械分离工艺，其由于在焊接缝的部位上的之前的通过超声波焊接的脆化而可以容易地进行。在该可替选的构型中，由此无需特定的有弹性的间隔块来执行根据本发明的方法。
本发明同样涉及一种根据权利要求5的特征的、用于制造薄塑料膜的装置，所述薄塑料膜以用于分成份地容纳产品的管状袋的形式被划分和分离，其中设置有超声波发生器用于激励加工工具和对应工具，它们可以借助驱动装置和引导装置朝向彼此移动到一起，并且带有用于将焊接过的管状袋分离的设备，其中所述装置的特征在于，加工工具和对应工具针对超声波焊接以及针对基本上纯粹机械的、没有或者具有减少的超声波激励的分离过程而特定地构建。通过这种方式，可以借助同一装置和工具部件在数十厘米的长度上与产品种类无关地在比较薄的塑料膜上产生密封的、精确的焊接缝，并且接着在将超声波激励关断之后对这样形成的管状袋进行机械分离。加工工具和对应工具在此成型为使得可能借助超声波进行最佳的焊接。为此，加工工具可以具有略微朝向端面逐渐变细的超声波发生器的形式，而对应工具优选具有边缘。通过将两个工具部件一同引入到塑料膜的材料中，可以用比较简单的方式和方法无残留物地将焊接过的管状袋彼此分离。
根据本发明，驱动装置和/或引导装置配备有间隔元件，所述间隔元件保证了在超声波焊接期间保持限定的、至少0.05mm的加工间隙。根据本发明的一个有利的相关方面，间隔元件例如可以作为弹性的间隔块成型在引导元件上。间隔块是有弹性的，使得在碰到间隔块上的情况下保持限定的最小加工间隙，在借助超声波来激励加工工具时也是如此。如果超声波激励被停止，则两个工具部件可以进一步朝向彼此移动，并且例如也可以直接相互接触，使得可以用机械方式干净利索地将脆化的焊接线分开。可替选地，也可以设置其他的间隔元件用于保持最小的加工间隙。
替代所描述的间隔元件(其例如可以用弹性的间隔块的形式来设计)，根据本发明的装置也可以没有这种间隔元件或者间隔块地实施：在该情况中，实施一种特定的控制，使得加工工具和对应工具可以朝向彼此移动到预先确定的距离，该距离用于借助超声波焊接并且取决于要焊接的膜的类型和厚度。该装置的没有特定间隔元件的实施形式具有的优点是，简化了结构和构造，并且需要更少的特殊部件。
根据本发明，对应工具设置有平坦的端面，并且加工工具具有按照刀刃类型的大致三角形的形状。刀刃尤其是可以以大约164°的角度来形成，这对于将借助超声波焊接连接的薄塑料膜分离而言证明是极其有利的。
本发明的其他优点、特征和方面结合下面对于实施例的详细描述被更清楚地公开，其中描述结合所附的附图进行，其中：
图1是在打开状态中根据本发明的装置的一个实施例的截面图；
图2是在加工工具的闭合状态中根据本发明的装置的第一实施例的相应截面图；
图3是带有打开的加工工具的根据本发明的装置的实施例的透视图；
图4是借助根据现有技术制造的管状袋包装的示意性侧视图；
图5是根据本发明的一个实施例的、管状袋的示意性横截面视图，其中带有在加工工具和对应工具之间的交叠区；以及
图6a至6c示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的加工管状袋包装的不同阶段。
图1至图3在不同视图中示出了用于制造薄塑料膜的装置的一个实施例，所述薄塑料膜以用于分成份地容纳产品的管状袋的形式被划分和分离。在图1中示出了截面图，其中加工工具1在装置10上位于打开的上部位置中。图3示出了相应的透视图，同样在打开的加工工具1的情况下，而图2示出了如下状态的截面图：其中加工工具1和对应工具2朝向彼此移动，用于借助超声波来焊接和/或用于实施这样制造的管状袋的分离过程。
在该实施例中涉及垂直工作的装置，其中根据应用情况也可以将根据本发明的方法和根据本发明的装置构建为水平系统。装置10主要包括基板7，在其上侧上可松开地安装有对应工具2，由此对应工具2可以在需要时被更换。在基板7的上侧上设置有安装板8，其通过四个引导装置5在垂直方向上可移动地与基板7耦合，以便将设置在上侧上的加工工具1朝着对应工具2移动以及又远离(参见图1和图2)。
该装置10特别适合用于实施薄塑料膜的超声波焊接以及将借助超声波焊接产生的管状袋分离，如下面进一步阐述的那样。在安装板8的上侧上安装有超声波发生器4，其与加工工具1连接，使得可以引起加工工具1的超声波激励。也可以将多个超声波发生器4安装在安装板8上。加工工具1与超声波发生器4一同通过四个弹性加载的间隔块3安装在安装板8上。为了实施焊接以及将这样焊接的管状袋分离，安装板8借助引导装置5向下朝着基板7移动并且由此朝着对应工具2移动，直到弹性的间隔块3与下侧(基板7的侧)上的相应的对应件接触。在此，弹性的间隔块3保证了：在加工工具1和对应工具2之间在借助超声波激励加工工具1的期间保持最小的预先限定的加工间隙。根据本发明的一个有利的方面，最小加工间隙至少为0.05mm。通过这种方式，也可以借助该装置10通过超声波来焊接非常薄的塑料膜，例如在30μm范围中的塑料膜。如果要借助该装置10来焊接较厚的塑料膜，则可以相应地将加工间隙选择得更大。
在借助超声波实施焊接之后，装置10被控制为使得加工工具1在克服弹性的间隔块3的弹力情况下进一步朝着对应工具2的方向移动。通过两个工具部件1、2朝向彼此的该进一步移动，引起了所制造的管状袋的分离。因为通过超声波焊接在塑料膜6的焊接线上引起了一定的脆化，所以通过这种方式可以将这样制造的管状袋连同其中包含的相应产品连续地分开。
在此，焊接过的各管状袋的分开或者分离的实施可以直接在焊接线上进行。
在分开之后，加工工具并且由此超声波发生器4又向上移动，使得位于两个工具部件1、2之间的塑料膜或者塑料膜管根据管状袋包装的大小继续移动，并且重新重复该过程，也就是说以超声波焊接的第一步骤以及接下来的纯粹的机械分离的第二步骤来重复。
从图3中可以看出，加工工具1和对应工具2具有长形的接片式的形状，使得也可以加工薄塑料膜构成的比较宽的管状袋，优选达到数十厘米的大小。在该实施例中，装置10的控制设计为使得加工工具1借助超声波发生器4的超声波激励根据驱动装置(附图中未示出)的控制来进行。例如，可以根据装置10的驱动装置的伺服曲线来有针对性地控制超声波的接通和关断，使得只有当进行焊接时并且当加工工具1在此有目的地保持在距对应工具预先确定的距离中时，才进行超声波激励。通过这种方式，可靠地避免了两个工具部件、即加工工具1和对应工具2被损坏。通过这种方式，也可以将根据本发明的方法容易地、仅仅借助少量的改装措施地集成到现有的装置10中。
根据本发明的方法的实施可以借助所描述的装置10或者不同地构建的包装机来实现，并且优选在四阶段工艺中在两个工具部件连续地移动到一起的期间进行，其中实施以下的子步骤：
i)在加工工具1的超声波激励期间移动对应工具2直到碰到弹性的间隔块3，并且实施焊接(可替选地，当然也可以移动加工工具1或者移动两个工具部件1、2)；
ii)在向弹性的间隔块3内压缩期间关断加工工具1的超声波激励，其中在工具的两个部件之间保持基本上恒定的、平行的间距；
iii)克服弹性的间隔块3的弹力并且将工具的两个部件1、2进一步移动到一起，以在限定的分离线上进行管状袋的分离；以及
iv)将工具的两个部件1、2回移，并且优选重新激活加工工具1的超声波激励。
借助该有针对性的、带有所描述的四个子步骤的两阶段的方法，在发明人的尝试中甚至在非常薄的塑料膜情况下，关于所制造的管状袋的密封性、视觉美观性以及卫生和减少次品方面都可以实现非常好的结果。借助超声波方法制造的焊接缝即使在焊接线的区域中可能有产品余料的情况下也是稳定的。分离线可以齐平地直接设置在焊接缝上，而不会导致不希望地产生囊(产品余料会聚集在这些囊中)。借助根据本发明的方法和根据本发明的装置10，可以在这种用产品填充的管状袋的制造工艺中实现明显更高的时钟频率。通过这种方式，可以明显提高包装工艺的效率。根据本发明的方法和根据本发明的装置10也可以比较简单地集成到现有的包装设备中。通过这种方式，也可以将用于实施根据本发明的方法的相应的装置部件事后装配。
在图4的示意性侧视图中示出了借助传统技术实现的管状袋包装的问题：该纵截面示出了管状袋15，其用产品18填充并且接着借助三个焊接缝16来封闭。在分离之后，在最上方的焊接缝16和分离线17之间形成一种囊20，产品18的余料19留在其中。该问题在本发明中被有效地避免。
图5在示意性的横截面视图中示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的管状袋15，其带有塑料膜6的在加工工具1和对应工具2之间的交迭区。在上侧交迭在一起的塑料膜6通过根据本发明的装置成型为封闭的管状袋15，其方式是膜6借助加工工具1和对应工具2焊接，更确切地说，借助超声波焊接方法来进行。接着，工具1、2进一步朝向彼此移动，并且管状袋15以机械方式借助带有切割边缘14的刀刃12来分离。刀刃12在该实施例中设置在下部设计的加工工具1上。然而工具1、2也可以相反地布置。它们也可以水平地而不是垂直地移动。
图6a至6c在示意性截面图中示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的加工管状袋包装的不同阶段。塑料膜6在该实施例中垂直地置于对应工具2和加工工具1之间，其中塑料膜被加工为用产品填充的管状袋。加工工具1(或者可替选地，对应工具1)被朝着膜移动(图6a中的左边方向)直到碰到弹性的间隔块(未示出)。该状态可以在图6b中看到。在该阶段中，进行根据本发明的借助超声波焊接方法的焊接，其中在该时刻两个工具1、2尚未接触。在加工工具1和对应工具2之间存在根据膜类型和厚度而预先限定的间隙。在下一个步骤中(参见图6c)，加工工具1在克服弹性的间隔块的弹力情况下进一步向左移动。通过两个工具1、2移动到一起以及近似为三角形的刀刃12以切割尖端14侵入膜6的材料中，引起在所希望的分离线上对管状袋的分离。
当然，加工工具1和对应工具2的形状可以变化，而并未离开如在后面的权利要求中所限定的本发明的范围。装置10也可以改进，并且例如可以构建为水平地工作的装置。在超声波焊接期间在加工工具1和对应工具2之间的最小加工间隙的保持也可以通过不同于借助弹性的间隔块3的其他方式和方法来实现，例如通过对驱动装置的有针对性的控制或者通过装置10的引导来进行。塑料膜可以作为纯塑料膜或者作为混合材料构成的膜。于是，借助本发明也可以非常良好地将带有铝成份的塑料构成的膜进行焊接和分开。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于制造两层或者多层薄塑料膜(6)的方法，所述薄塑料膜以用于分成份地容纳不同类型的产品的管状袋的形式被划分和分离，其中所述塑料膜以预先确定的间距设置有焊缝，所述焊缝基本上横向于纵向方向地走向，用于形成袋状容器，并且这些容器通过切割过程或者分离过程来分别彼此分开，
其特征在于包括以下步骤：
a)以预先确定的间距借助超声波焊接方法对膜进行焊接，其中在焊接时在具有刀刃(12)的加工工具(1)和具有平坦端面的对应工具(2)之间保持限定的、与膜相关的间距，并且其中维持与膜相关的最小加工间隙，在超声波激励期间所述加工工具(1)和所述对应工具(2)彼此间保持间隔所述加工间隙；
b)借助机械分离方法将这样焊接的管状袋分割，而在相应的焊接缝的部位上没有超声波激励或者具有减小的超声波激励，其中在步骤a)之后，所述加工工具(1)更接近地向所述对应工具(2)引导。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在步骤b)中，将所述加工工具(1)和所述对应工具(2)直接相互接触用于分离所述管状袋。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，根据机器驱动装置的控制来控制所述加工工具(1)的超声波激励。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中所述加工工具(1)和所述对应工具(2)在每个加工步骤时都连续地移动到一起，并且在此实施以下子步骤：
i)在所述加工工具(1)的超声波激励期间移动对应工具(2)直到碰到有弹性的间隔块(3)并且执行焊接；
ii)在向间隔块(3)内压缩期间关断所述加工工具(1)的超声波激励，其中保持在加工工具(1)与对应工具(2)之间的基本上恒定的间距；
iii)克服有弹性的间隔块(3)的弹力并且进一步将加工工具(1)与对应工具(2)移动到一起，以在分离线上进行分离；以及
iv)将加工工具(1)与对应工具(2)回移。
5.一种用于制造两层或者多层薄塑料膜(6)的装置(10)，所述薄塑料膜以用于分成份地容纳不同类型产品的管状袋的形式被划分和分离，其中设置有一个或者多个超声波发生器(4)，用于激励加工工具(1)和对应工具(2)，它们能够借助驱动装置和引导装置(5)朝向彼此移动到一起，并且带有用于将焊接过的管状袋分离的设备，其特征在于，所述加工工具(1)和所述对应工具(2)针对超声波焊接以及针对基本上纯粹机械的、没有或者具有减少的超声波激励的分离过程而特定地构建，其中，所述加工工具(1)在所述装置(10)上位于打开的上部位置中且与所述一个或者多个超声波发生器(4)连接，所述对应工具(2)可松开地安装在用于形成所述装置(10)的基板(7)的上侧处，所述驱动装置和/或所述引导装置(5)配备有间隔元件，所述间隔元件保证了在超声波焊接期间保持限定的、与膜相关的加工间隙，并且所述对应工具(2)具有平坦的端面(11)，而所述加工工具(1)具有三角形的刀刃(12)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于，有弹性的间隔块(3)设置为使得在超声波焊接时在所述加工工具(1)和所述对应工具(2)之间维持与膜相关的最小加工间隙。
7.根据权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于，所述刀刃是钝的。
8.一种用于实施根据权利要求1至4之一的方法的装置(10)，其中设置有一个或者多个超声波发生器(4)，用于激励加工工具(1)和对应工具(2)，它们能够借助驱动装置和引导装置(5)朝向彼此移动到一起，并且带有用于将焊接过的管状袋分离的设备，其特征在于，所述加工工具(1)和所述对应工具(2)针对超声波焊接以及针对基本上纯粹机械的、没有或者具有减少的超声波激励的分离过程而特定地构建，其中，所述加工工具(1)在所述装置(10)上位于打开的上部位置中且与所述一个或者多个超声波发生器(4)连接，所述对应工具(2)可松开地安装在用于形成所述装置(10)的基板(7)的上侧处，所述驱动装置和/或所述引导装置(5)配备有间隔元件，所述间隔元件保证了在超声波焊接期间保持限定的、与膜相关的加工间隙，并且所述对应工具(2)具有平坦的端面(11)，而所述加工工具(1)具有三角形的刀刃(12)。
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