CN1434764A - 超声封焊设备,相关的方法和包装件 - Google Patents

超声封焊设备,相关的方法和包装件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1434764A
CN1434764A CN01807584A CN01807584A CN1434764A CN 1434764 A CN1434764 A CN 1434764A CN 01807584 A CN01807584 A CN 01807584A CN 01807584 A CN01807584 A CN 01807584A CN 1434764 A CN1434764 A CN 1434764A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
soldering
sealing
lamination
mentioned
sonotrode
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Granted
Application number
CN01807584A
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English (en)
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CN1255262C (zh
Inventor
丹尼尔·布朗沙尔
帕特里克·福尔
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Mars Inc
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MASTFORDS PARTNER CO Ltd
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Priority claimed from FR0004335A external-priority patent/FR2807392A1/fr
Application filed by MASTFORDS PARTNER CO Ltd filed Critical MASTFORDS PARTNER CO Ltd
Publication of CN1434764A publication Critical patent/CN1434764A/zh
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Publication of CN1255262C publication Critical patent/CN1255262C/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9261—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/92611—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the gap between the joining tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
    • B29C65/7443—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc by means of ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/82—Testing the joint
    • B29C65/8207—Testing the joint by mechanical methods
    • B29C65/8215—Tensile tests
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431—Joining the articles to themselves
    • B29C66/4312—Joining the articles to themselves for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles, e.g. transversal seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B29C66/4322—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms by joining a single sheet to itself
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/49—Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7234—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer
    • B29C66/72341—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer for gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81415—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled
    • B29C66/81417—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled being V-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
    • B29C66/8242—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8351—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws
    • B29C66/83541—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws flying jaws, e.g. jaws mounted on crank mechanisms or following a hand over hand movement
    • B29C66/83543—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws flying jaws, e.g. jaws mounted on crank mechanisms or following a hand over hand movement cooperating flying jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9241—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • B29C66/92451—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power using joining tools having different pressure zones or using several joining tools with different pressures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/024—Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0242—Heating, or preheating, e.g. drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32—Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B29C66/328—Leaving the burrs unchanged for providing particular properties to the joint, e.g. as decorative effect
    • B29C66/3282—Leaving the burrs unchanged for providing particular properties to the joint, e.g. as decorative effect for reinforcing the joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81415—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2009/00—Layered products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2009/00—Layered products
    • B29L2009/003—Layered products comprising a metal layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
    • B29L2031/7128—Bags, sacks, sachets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1052—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing
    • Y10T156/1054—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing and simultaneously bonding [e.g., cut-seaming]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1052—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing
    • Y10T156/1084—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing of continuous or running length bonded web
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/12—Surface bonding means and/or assembly means with cutting, punching, piercing, severing or tearing
    • Y10T156/1313—Cutting element simultaneously bonds [e.g., cut seaming]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Package Closures (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)

Abstract

用于封焊至少两个叠片(1，2)的超声设备(100)，上述设备包括一由两个元件构成的封焊组件，该两个元件分别是一砧板(102)和一超声焊极(101)，它们设置成彼此面对，因而它们面对的表面(101’，102’)形成一用于穿过将要封焊的叠片的间隙(103)，上述间隙具有一入口部分(104)和一出口部分(105)，该超声焊极以高频振动而发射超声波，其特征在于，设有用于在叠片与上述封焊组件之间沿一特定进给方向(F)相对于封焊组件产生一相对运动的装置，上述通道间隙的截面在其入口部分与出口部分之间减小，上述封焊组件的至少一个元件包括一突出的隆脊，该隆脊没入上述通道间隙中，并沿全面平行于上述进给方向(F)的方向延伸。本发明还涉及用于封焊柔性包装件的相关方法，以及产生的包装件。

Description

超声封焊设备，相关的方法和包装件
本发明一般涉及用于对至少两个重叠的柔性片进行封焊和切割的操作。
更具体地，根据一个方面，本发明涉及一种设备，该设备包括一超声焊极和一砧板，它们设置成相互面对，从而使它们相互面对的表面形成一穿过将封焊的叠片的间隙，具有一入口部分和一出口部分，超声焊极以高频振动而发射超声波。
根据第二方面，本发明还涉及一种使用上述设备的封焊和/或切割方法，上述方法可用于封焊，必要时切割两个柔性薄膜或叠片。
更具体地，根据本发明方法的有利的应用涉及：
-用上述类型的设备对柔性包装件的两个侧边缘进行封焊，如果合适还进行切割；
-用上述类型的设备对上述包装件进行封焊。
还涉及特别根据上述方法生产的柔性包装件。
这种包装件可由单层或多层塑料薄膜制成。
本发明一个有利但并非限定性的应用是制造容放食品如动物食品的柔性袋或香袋，其中上述袋或香袋一般气密地封焊，并在填充和封焊后热处理(在下面的文章中，“包装件”和“袋”这两个词不加选择地用于指代柔性包装件)。
填充后，可通过在潮湿大气中在压力下加热而消毒。
为了能够承受这种热处理，它们由一个或多个具有特定结构的薄膜制成。
更具体地，它们一般由一个或多个薄膜制造，每个薄膜包括一上层和一下层，它们形成由塑料材料制成的上述包装件的外层和内层，及一夹在上述上层和下层之间的由轻金属制造的中心层。
更精确地，用于制造这些包装件的薄膜可具有下列特性：
-上层基本上是聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯层，结合或不结合一聚胺酯层。
-中心层包含气密隔层材料，特别是铝，内层是一层聚丙烯结合一层聚胺酯。
每层之间设有一分散覆盖的粘结剂，用于将不同的层粘合在一起。
-进一步，聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯层可印在其内表面上，以装饰上述袋的外表。实际上，该聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯层一般用作印刷承载体，并确定袋的外观。
-铝中心层形成一特别针对氧气和水蒸气的气密隔层，从而将袋中容放的材料与外界隔离。
-根据袋随后的应用，当需要时，聚胺酯层构成一防穿孔层，聚丙烯层用作制造袋的封焊剂，并提供袋的一般机械强度，在上述袋的焊缝水平上确保气密性。
这种袋可容放固体，潮湿固体，液体甚至是固体和液体的组合。
目前这种袋具有多种形状。
它们可以是平的，具有三个或四个焊缝，或者三侧封焊且底部以角撑布形式封焊的角撑布。
这种袋还可以有两个侧角撑布，或者两个位于具有封焊侧边缘的袋的顶部和底部的角撑布。
由于其相当的简单，这些袋的一种广泛使用的结构是“平”结构，其中袋通过简单地组装两个薄片而制成。这种组件是按照下面两个步骤而完成的：
首先，制造一袋，通过在袋(通常具有大致矩形的形状)的四个侧边中的三个上封焊两个薄片而留下一侧打开。
为完成该封焊，使用沿构成袋的一个边缘的一条线折回的薄片，或者甚至是重叠的两个单独薄片。
在两种情况下，对薄片边缘的封焊都可以结合切割操作，从而从塑料薄膜上分离每个薄片。
第二，当填充后将袋的最后一侧关闭：这种关闭也是通过封焊完成的，还可以结合切割操作。
在所有情况下，焊缝必须以这种方式形成，以确保：
-袋的内部不仅对于流体而且对于气体都有非常好的气密性(特别是如果袋容放有液体流体、潮湿或易腐烂成分)。
-袋具有非常好的机械强度。
用于制造这些袋的封焊操作一般包含导电封焊技术，其中每个袋的侧部边缘会合在一起，通过穿过中心铝层导电而加热每一侧的内部聚丙烯层。
导电封焊之后是冷却操作，对以这种方式形成的焊缝进行加强。
用这种工艺获得的封焊线大致宽几毫米，以确保焊缝无泄漏和防泄漏。
但如果能够减小封焊线的宽度从而减少所使用的材料量，则是有利的。
实际上，袋一般是非常大量地生产的，因此对于制造商而言，寻找对于袋的单位成本价格的任何节省都是有意义的；因此封焊线的相对较高的宽度构成了导电封焊的第一个缺点。
另外，特别由于在封焊设备的非移动件与移动件之间存在的摩擦，用连续生产的塑料薄膜实施该导电封焊工艺是有问题的。
因此这种工艺一般以不连续形式用于以步进方式移动的薄膜。
另外，步进封焊的原理生产率有限。即使在每一步骤中两袋同时前进，该工艺达到了它的机械工作极限，很显然是因为袋在封焊单元之前和之后必须放慢然后加快，而系统具有一定的惯性。
为了提高这种包装件或袋的封焊速度，例如从120包/分钟的速度(目前对于热封焊工艺的极限速度)提高到一高得多的速度(约500包/分钟，如果不更多的话)，建议使用包装件连续处理的超声封焊设备。
该领域中，文件EP333390和GB-A-952581公开了在砧板与高频振动的超声焊极之间对沿一特定路线移动并由塑料材料制造的两个叠片进行超声封焊的设备。
作为一共有的特征，在上述这些文件中描述的超声封焊设备具有一用于穿过将封焊的叠片的间隙，该间隙形成于超声焊极和砧板的相对表面之间，具有一在其入口和出口之间先减小后增大的截面。
根据EP333390，通道间隙的截面完全是这种结构，使由设备施加到表面上的力沿封焊间隙的整个长度都是均匀的。
但没有任何特征显示，EP333390允许封焊线的宽度以适当方式减小。
另外，EP333390中的设备并不是用于对将封焊的薄片进行切割。而是很清楚，对于该文件中所述设备的应用，对将封焊的材料的任何切割或穿孔都是避免的。
尽管如此，已经注意到，可能希望将薄片的切割操作与封焊结合起来，特别是在需要同时完成的广泛的情况下：
-进行切割，将袋的薄片从以连续方式进给的薄膜上分开；
-以及对折叠薄片或重叠薄片的边缘进行封焊，从而制造出袋。
因此EP333390中的设备并不能以令人满意的方式使如上所述的制造商的目的得到满足(焊缝宽度大大减小，同时允许高生产率并确保非常好的机械强度及气密性，以及能够在封焊的同时完成切割操作)。
GB-A-952581中的设备情况也一样。
实际上，恰恰相反，对于封焊线的宽度，已经指出，该文件中所述的设备希望通过增加将封焊的薄片与设备之间接触区域的宽度而保持封焊线相对较大(在GB-A-952581中的设备的情况下，封焊线的宽度总是小于薄片与设备之间接触区域的宽度)。
另外，该文件并没有提及在将封焊的薄片上完成切割操作的可能性。
另外，EP498364公开了一种用于以连续方式进给的薄片的封焊/切割设备。
该设备中，一切割刃沿薄片进给方向放置于封焊超声焊极下游。超声焊极和切割刃构成了分别用于封焊和切割操作的两个单独元件。
与这种结构相关的一个缺点在于，获得薄封焊线非常复杂：位于超声焊极下游的切割刃实际上必须作用于封焊线的中部。
因此封焊线必须足够宽，以确保切割刃实际上作用在上述线的中部区域。
除此之外，EP498364中指出，封焊线的宽度的减小根本就不是该文件中设备的目的，相反，而是寻找“宽度大于以常规方法获得的封焊线”(参见该文件的第4栏第52-54行)。
此外，EP498364中设备的另一个缺点在于，很难在薄片的切割轮廓上获得非常好的对称；换句话说，沿封焊线的两侧获得相同的宽度。该缺点同样来源于封焊和切割进行而不是同时进行这一事实。这会导致生产的不规则。
最后，公开既完成封焊又完成切割的超声设备的文件是存在的。例如可在FR2665683中发现这种设备。
但该文件中描述的设备并不允许处理连续进给的薄膜因而生产率受到该工艺的不连续特性的限制。另外，该文件中没有提到封焊线的宽度。
本发明的目的是克服上述缺点。
为了实现该目的，根据一个方面，本发明提出一种用于封焊至少两个叠片的超声设备，上述设备包括一由两个元件构成的封焊组件，该两个元件分别是一砧板和一超声焊极，它们设置成彼此面对，因而它们面对的表面形成一用于穿过将封焊的叠片的间隙，上述间隙具有一入口部分和一出口部分，该超声焊极以高频振动而发射超声波，其特征在于，设有用于在叠片与上述封焊组件之间沿一特定进给方向相对于封焊组件产生一相对运动的装置，上述通道间隙的截面在其入口部分与出口部分之间减小，上述封焊组件的至少一个元件包括一突出的隆脊，该隆脊没入上述通道间隙中，并沿全面平行于上述进给方向的方向延伸。
根据本发明设备的优选但非限定性的方面如下：
-上述突出隆脊形成在砧板上。
砧板上与超声焊极相对的表面具有点状轮廓，该点状轮廓由在其间形成尖角的倾斜面形成。
-上述尖角约为140度。
-砧板与超声焊极相对的表面大致是平的。
-上述通道间隙的入口部分比上述间隙出口部分的截面积大1.2到2倍。
-设有用于进给穿过叠片的装置，且封焊组件是固定的。
-该封焊组件安装在一移动支架上，因而它能够相对于叠片沿一所需封焊方向移动。
-设有一与超声焊极组合的锤体或配重，它在叠片上施加一0.2.105到6.105帕的特定压力。
-设有用于提高该特定压力的装置，从而该设备对叠片进行切割和封焊。
-叠片相对于封焊组件的处理速度是50到150米/分钟，最好是60到80米/分钟。
根据第二方面，本发明提供一种用于封焊柔性包装件的方法，其特征在于，通过使用根据前述权利要求中任一项的设备对两个柔性叠片进行封焊，从而形成包装件的侧部。
根据本发明方法的优选但非限定性的方面如下：
-叠片在上述通道间隙中通过导致叠片材料在上述隆脊的每一侧滑移。
-上述滑移在上述隆脊的每一侧产生一滑移焊珠，该焊珠构成一主封焊线。
-在对叠片进行封焊的同时，对上述叠片进行切割。
-在切割过程中，叠片相对于封焊组件持续前进。
-在封焊前对包装件的侧部进行加热，从而软化每一侧的内表面。
-包装件的侧部由一柔性层制成，该柔性层包括位于两塑料材料层之间的气密材料中心层。
-该中心层包含铝。
-在封焊过程中，两叠片相互面对设置的各内层熔融在一起，两叠片的各中心层彼此接触。
-每个叠片的内层包含聚丙烯。
根据第三方面，本发明提供一种柔性包装件，包括设置成相互面对的两部分叠片，其特征在于，该部分叠片通过上述方法封焊。
根据本发明柔性包装件的优选但非限定性的方面如下：
-它可通过根据上述方面中任一项所述的方法获得，用于沿封焊线形成至少一个焊缝，其特征在于，上述封焊线的长度约为一毫米。
-包装件侧部中心层彼此接触，从而构成一气密隔层。
-包装件的漏气水平约为2.4.10-4立方厘米/天。
下面参照附图作为非限定性例子给出的说明，将使本发明的用途以及如何实施更加清楚。
附图中：
-图1是根据本发明的超声封焊设备中超声焊极和砧板的示意性透视图。
-图2是根据本发明的超声设备的详细示意性纵向剖视图；放大比例为10。
-图3和4是根据第一实施例的本发明超声封焊设备的示意性侧视和顶视图，该第一实施例特别适于对侧边缘已经组装的袋进行封焊。
-图5是两叠片的示意性横向剖视图，该两叠片进给到根据本发明的设备中进行封焊及切割。
-图6是一图表，示出作为本发明方法的参数变化的函数的根据本发明制造的一袋的机械强度特性。
-图7是根据本发明封焊的两个多层薄膜的剖视示意图。
-图8是与图7等同的视图，其中两薄膜已经封焊。
附图中示意性示出用于至少两个叠片1、2的超声封焊设备100，该叠片1、2由塑料材料制成，如沿一给定方向F以连续方式进给的聚丙烯制成。
在这方面，该设备包括用于进给穿过叠片的装置。这种装置可以是公知的装置，不作进一步描述。
应当指出的是，尽管下面详细描述的例子涉及简单地由两个叠片1和2制成的袋，但本发明在用于由上述类型的多层薄膜(两塑料层之间的铝层)生产袋时同样具有特别的优势。
设备100包括一以高频振动而发射超声波的超声焊极101和一砧板102。
超声焊极101和砧板102彼此相对设置，它们面对的表面101’和102’形成一间隙103，用于穿过将封焊的两叠片1、2，该间隙通道具有一入口部分104和一出口部分105。
在图3和4所示的例子中，超声焊极101和砧板102沿大致水平方向延伸，将封焊的叠片沿一大致垂直平面进给。
很明显，根据未图示的一实施例，超声焊极和砧板可垂直设置，而叠片沿水平方向移动。
通道间隙103的入口部分104的高度略大于将要封焊的叠片1、2的厚度之和。这里，将要封焊的叠片的厚度约为200微米，入口部分104的高度约为220微米。这使得将要封焊的叠片很容易进入设置于超声封焊设备的超声焊极与砧板之间的通道间隙。
根据超声封焊设备100的第一个特别有利的特性，超声焊极101和砧板102的相对表面101’和102’以这样一种方式向彼此会聚，使上述通道间隙103的截面在其入口部分104与出口部分105之间连续下降(特别见图2)。
在一优选实施例中，表面101’和102’包括平的表面，砧板102固定。
根据所描述的特定例子，通道间隙103的入口部分104比上述间隙103的出口部分105大约1.3倍。
因此在这里上述间隙103的出口部分105的高度约为170微米。该170微米的高度给封焊设备一个约135微米的封焊厚度。
当叠片1、2以恒定速度进给时，形成于超声焊极101和砧板102之间的通道间隙103具有一特定长度L，该特定长度L是上述叠片进给的恒定或可变的特定速度及振动超声焊极和砧板102与上述叠片1、2的接触时间的函数，选择该长度从而在一特定封焊长度上在叠片之间获得获得无泄漏封焊。
根据所述的例子，上述叠片进给的速度是恒定的，约62.5米/分钟，给定了一个约75毫米的间隙通道长度，72毫秒的接触时间和约1毫米的封焊条宽度。
如图3中更具体地示出的，根据本发明的另一基本特性，砧板102与超声焊极101相对的表面102’具有一点形式的轮廓，该点由在其间形成一尖角的倾斜面102a、102b形成。这里，倾斜面102a和102b之间的角度约为140度。该角度在任何情况下都在120至160度之间的范围内。
通过这种方式，砧板的面102a和102b与彼此相对的超声焊极的平面之间形成一约20度的角度。
这样，通过这种封焊设备，在将封焊的叠片与封焊设备(更特别地是砧板和超声焊极)之间形成了一个基本上对应于砧板的脊线的接触区域。
另外，该接触区域特别窄(宽度小于一毫米，砧板轮廓的点实际上的弧度半径小于1毫米，例如0.5毫米或最好是0.25毫米)。
因此，在约为135微米厚的两重叠塑料材料片中的封焊线约为1毫米厚，这代表了与已知设备的性能相比相当大的进步。
很重要的是，注意，根据本发明的封焊设备的结构包括下列组合：
-具有在上述例子中由砧板的平面和超声焊极形成的汇聚的间隙103。
-用于形成一尖脊的砧板表面102’的点轮廓是特别有利的。
实际上，该结构允许将封焊的叠片1、2进入间隙103，上述叠片相对于砧板和超声焊极连续进给，与砧板的脊线相对，在叠片中形成一宽度非常窄的封焊线。
更精确地，如图5所示(其中，如图1中那样，角度和尺寸并不成比例，因为该图只是表示本发明的原理)，超声焊极101和砧板102的大致平面的汇聚与该砧板的点轮廓的结合，并不只是使沿方向F相对于砧板和超声焊极连续进给的叠片1和2能够被封焊。
实际上，由于砧板的形状，平行于将要封焊的薄膜之间相对运动方向的该砧板隆脊的定向，以及砧板与超声焊极之间的距离(超声焊极振荡的幅度设定成使超声焊极能够在振荡的端点移动而非常靠近砧板，对于切割与封焊结合的应用甚至与砧板平齐)，薄膜1和2的材料被迫回到侧面，并在位于通道间隙103中间的接触区域Z的每一侧滑移。
滑移这样在接触区域Z的每一侧形成一焊珠B，构成叠片1和2的材料在该焊珠中一起混合并形成一汞齐剂，这产生了一个非常强的粘结。
因此薄膜1和2之间的封焊线包括在薄膜上纵向拉出的两个焊珠B，这些焊珠中的每一个以自身构成了一个主焊线。
申请人用该技术完成对封焊在一起的两个叠片的抗拉强度测试；这些结果示于图6中。
更精确地，该图在右侧y轴上以牛顿为单位示出对应于两封焊叠片之间的机械粘结断裂的张力N(厚弧线)，以微米为单位在x轴上示出间隙103的参照高度(换句话说，当上述超声焊极处于其振荡的参照位置时，砧板的点与超声焊极的表面101’之间的距离)。
图6中的结果显示，断裂强度水平是完全令人满意的，约为20至35牛顿或更大。这些结果还显示，间隙103的参照高度(在上述情况下为140-160微米之间)存在一个在断裂强度N高时的值范围，在150微米高度时达到最大值。
左侧y轴自身以瓦特为单位显示由封焊设备消耗的能量(薄弧线)。当参照高度从170微米下降到110微米时该能量从200瓦特上升到340瓦特。
如已经说过的，滑移结果当由两个焊珠B划定界限的封焊区域的宽度仅为一毫米左右时获得的(每个焊珠的宽度明显小于一毫米)。
该结构以及引起上述汞齐剂的相关滑移的另一个结果是在每个焊珠水平上形成的封焊线在无泄漏和机械强度方面的非常好的质量，以及对应于焊珠的非常小的封焊线宽度。
更具体地，申请人已经对通过上述方法封焊其叠片的袋进行了气密测试，叠片由包括一中心铝层的三层构成。
结果显示，由此获得的袋的气密性比通常寻找的值大10倍，所测量的空气泄漏约2.4.10-4立方厘米空气每袋每天(对于四个侧面已经以这种方式封焊的袋)。
还将看到，该方法可用在连续移动的薄膜上，对于封焊的输出约为500袋/分钟，对于切割应用，相对于设备的处理速度约为25米/分钟。
还将看到，由于间隙103由两个平壁(分别是超声焊极101和砧板102的平表面)形成，上述间隙高度的减小完全是规则的。这有利于将本发明应用于以调整进给的薄膜，并允许生产速度提高。
其中砧板和超声焊极的相对表面是平的该几何结构的另一个有利的效果是，与砧板或超声焊极都不平的现有结构(例如在砧板与超声焊极之间只允许有限长度的接触区域的圆形砧板)相比，砧板与超声焊极之间的接触区域长度显著增加了。
这使得封焊线，如果合适则是切口，能够以渐进方式形成，这也是使薄膜处理速度提高的一个因素。且与砧板是圆形且设定成旋转结构而伴随薄膜生产的结构相比，根据本发明的结构具有这样的优点，即所需对任何游隙的设定和调节少得多，因为设备中唯一的移动部件是超声焊极。
除了由形成一直线边缘的两个平面形成的点状轮廓之外，砧板还可以是形成尖边缘的任何突出轮廓，因为叠片与设备之间的接触区域非常窄，约为十分之一毫米，且因为存在下列组合：
-间隙沿叠片进给方向的汇聚；及
-在砧板上存在一突出的隆脊。
还能够在汇聚的间隙103中沿不与砧板102相关而与超声焊极相关的隆脊形成一窄的接触区域，其中面向超声焊极的砧板的表面可以是平的形状，或者任何其它形状。砧板和超声焊极还能够都有突出轮廓。
无论怎样，最好砧板，且只有砧板，具有突出的隆脊轮廓，因为已经知道，由于超声焊极的振荡，薄膜面向超声焊极的表面是受到最大机械应力的表面。且为了防止已封焊的薄膜损坏，最好只有砧板具有突出轮廓。
超声焊极101以大约20到40千赫兹的频率振动，对于封焊，以10到100微米，最好是70微米的振幅振动。
设有调节螺栓110，从而能够在水平面上相对于砧板调节超声焊极的位置。还设有一比较器113，用于调节砧板102与超声焊极101之间的间隙。
另外，调节螺栓105能够调节超声焊极101与砧板102之间的角度。
该调节系统能够调节超声焊极和砧板的相对位置，从而根据将封焊的上述叠片的厚度调节用于穿过上述叠片的间隙的输入和输出部分的高度。
有利地，该超声封焊设备100能够对由塑料材料制成的以50至100米/分钟，最好是60到80米/分钟的速度移动的叠片进行封焊。
根据本发明另一方面，特别参照图7和8，上面参照封焊两薄膜1和2而描述的超声封焊设备可有利地用于制造和/或封焊包括件，该包括件的两侧由它们的侧向边缘联接，每侧包括塑料材料的内外表面，及夹在两内外表面之间的由轻金属制成的中心层。
根据本发明的封焊方法，包装件在一底座上移动，并一个在另一个之后地垂直铺设，在这里代表图3和4中所示的超声焊极和砧板位于水平面上。
用该封焊设备100，在以恒定或可变的特定速度移动的每个包装件的侧部上边缘高度，沿至少沿每个包装件的大部分宽度特别是整个宽度拉伸的焊接线，对每个包装件的内侧进行超声封焊。
这里所使用的包装件是这样的，每个其侧部1、2的中心层C2由铝制成，每个其侧部的内表面包括一层聚丙烯C1，或一层聚胺酯和一层聚丙烯，每个其侧部的外表面包括一层可能由一附加聚胺酯层覆盖的聚对苯二甲酸乙酯层C3。
外层用作装饰花纹的承载面。
参照图1至4描述的超声封焊设备能够穿透外表面和中心层对每个包装件的内侧进行封焊。
实际上，聚丙烯的熔融温度低于外表面层的熔融温度，且在超声焊极振荡的作用下，构成内层的颗粒被激励，熔化而形成焊珠B。
通过这种方式，不仅通过彼此接触的内层的熔化而产生了一焊珠，而且使两侧的铝层接触，从而可获得如上所述的非常好的气密性(见图7)。
应当注意，根据本发明，能够调节传递到薄膜1和2上的能量的水平，从而只有由聚丙烯制成的内层C1熔化，并通过两薄膜1和2的层C1的滑移而在砧板102的每一侧形成一焊珠B(图7和8中为了表示本发明的原理而以示意形式示出，这些附图中没有示出超声焊极)。
在这种情况下，薄膜1和2中铝制成的层C2彼此接触，从而形成一气密隔层。
外层C3不因封焊而改变，因为聚乙烯的熔融温度高于聚丙烯。
如图8所示，通过提高由超声焊极施加于多层薄膜1和2上的压力，在叠片被封焊的同时在接触区域Z的水平形成一切口。
在这种情况下，在每个薄膜的聚丙烯层C1之间形成的焊珠B便利这样切割，和封焊的边缘能够粘结，并确保该封焊线的气密性(由铝制成的层C与焊珠B成一体，并保持相互接触)。
如前面已经描述的，每个包装件的封焊线的厚度约135微米，宽度约一毫米。
另外，有利地，由于超声焊极在将要封焊的叠片上的振荡，如果需要，可使任何可能保留在必须封焊的点上的食品颗粒消失，从而在上述包装件中获得气密封焊。
这种设备还使高速移动的每个包装件在封焊单元中封焊，而不损坏这些包装件的外层和中间层。
根据本发明方法的一个有利特性，为了每个包装件侧部的封焊过程，可以在对每个包装件的侧部进行超声封焊之前，对每个包装件的每一侧进行加热，以软化每个包装件侧部的内表面。这能够在砧板与超声焊极的相对位置方面以更大的灵活性在薄膜中获得气密封焊。
加热例如可通过导电或蒸汽喷射来完成。
另外，可以对砧板与超声焊极之间的间隙以及在超声焊极和砧板之间施加在将封焊的每个包装件侧部上的压力进行调节，使得当在每个包装件中形成封焊线时，还形成一切割线。这个方面将在下面描述。
如图3和4中更具体地显示的，根据该超声封焊设备的其它特性，超声焊极101安装在与一锤体107联接的支承件106上，该锤体107以这种方式作用于超声焊极，即它在将要封焊的叠片上施加一0.2.105到6.105帕之间的特定压力。
根据所述的过程，还可以设计如图1至4中所示的两个封焊设备，该两个封焊设备以一给定距离在不同或相同高度上沿包装件的进给方向设置，从而在每个包装件的侧部形成一单个封焊线或两个并排封焊线(一个封焊线位于另一个之下)。
另外，有利地，由于对作为检测信号的封焊设备能量消耗的检测，可以用该超声封焊设备对每个包装件的封焊区域中封焊的质量或不期望颗粒的存在进行检测。
可对这种类型的传感信号进行处理而识别和弹出任何有缺陷的包装件，换句话说就是没有以气密方式封焊的包装件。
根据该过程，能够每分钟封焊大约500个袋，这表示在这些袋的生产成本上的相当大的节省。
另外，用本发明设备封焊袋子的方法能够在进给的袋子侧部获得封焊。这通过表1得到了确认，表1中显示对用本发明的几个实施例根据本发明的方法封焊的袋子进行的生物测试的结果。
                                 表1
袋速度(米/分钟)50袋/分钟 本发明设备的封焊间隙的长度(毫米) 本发明设备中超声焊极/砧板的 接触时间 生物测试结果％袋对细菌的气密性
    62.5     25     24毫秒     73％
    62.5     35     34毫秒     92％
    62.5     75     72毫秒     100％
很明显，上述对袋子封焊的应用绝不是限制性的，因为本发明以一般方式涉及用于除简单地封焊袋子之外的其它应用的对柔性薄膜的封焊。
此外，上述设备可有利地不仅用于封焊袋子叠片，而且用于同时切割叠片。
在切割与封焊相结合的情况下，施加到叠片上的压力水平将设定在约6.105帕，参考间隙103的高度可降低，最好降低到一小于50微米的值，例如20微米。
在这种情况下，将超声焊极的一半振幅调节到一略小于参考间隙高度的值(约十分之一微米)，使超声焊极在行程端部刚刚接触砧板。
该应用是有利的，因为它能够在与砧板边缘相对的切割线的每一侧形成一与焊珠宽度对应的主封焊线，如前所述，该宽度明显小于一毫米。
因此在封焊/切割情况下，封焊线的宽度明显小于一毫米。
另外，由申请人对其边缘被根据本发明封焊和切割，因而袋子侧部仅由焊珠的主封焊线封焊的袋子所进行的测试的结果，与被封焊但没有切割的袋子进行的测试结果相似。
上面我们描述了本发明的一个实施例(更具体地是参照图3至4)，其中连续移动的袋子顶部被封焊，而上述袋子的侧部已经在前面在其中间被封焊。
还能够将本发明应用于以相同速度在相同方向F移动的薄膜，沿相对于薄膜进给方向F的任何所需方向，例如在垂直该方向F的方向形成一封焊线，如果需要形成一切口。
为此，将根据上述结构(表面汇聚而形成间隙103，砧板的隆脊)由一超声焊极和一砧板构成的组件放置在一移动支架上，整个组件能够以这种方式移动，即薄膜在振荡的超声焊极与砧板之间移动。
在这种情况下，以这种方式对包括超声焊极和砧板的组件进行定向，使划定间隙103界限的输入和输出部分相对于上述组件沿薄膜运动方向对准。从而当平行于该方向形成一直线时间隙103的壁缩小。
在这种情况下对支架的移动进行控制，从而在下列顺序之间交替：
-封焊顺序(可能加上切割顺序)，该过程中支架离开一开始位置，并给定一运动，结合在整个顺序中保持与薄膜相同速度的平行于F方向的运动，以及沿所需封焊方向的运动。该第二运动分量可能是，也可能不是沿一直线。
-重定位顺序，该过程中支架返回开始位置，准备开始一新的封焊顺序。
这样支架可沿相对于方向F形成0到90度角的一直线前后运动，在返回顺序中对支架的速度进行调节，从而及时将其自身重新定位在起点上，而在距已形成的前面封焊线所需距离的薄膜上再次工作。
还可以有两个或多个支架，其中一些完成封焊顺序，另一些返回所需的起点。
因而在调节超声焊极的压力从而同时完成切割和封焊的情况下，通过沿对应于设备和薄膜之间的接触区域的切割线的切割获得了叠片，上述叠片由于制成薄膜的材料在每个切割线的每个侧部的滑移而由它们的侧边侧在其间封焊。
还可以在每个支架上只放置一个超声焊极，并在移动的薄膜下面设置至少一个固定砧板，该砧板具有点状轮廓，其边缘沿在其封焊/切割顺序中支架所跟随的方向定向，使得由支架载运的超声焊极与砧板的边缘配合。
本发明绝不局限于上述描述和图示的实施例，本领域技术人员能够进行他们期望的任何改变。
特别地，将封焊和切割的叠片并不必须是连续进给；任何在叠片与封焊设备之间建立了相对运动的实施例都落入本发明的范围中。
以相同方式，本发明绝不局限于应用在容放动物食品的袋子；它还覆盖使用由塑料片制成的香袋的袋子或香袋，还用于其它应用，特别是对食品如糖果或冻干咖啡的包装。

Claims (25)

1.用于封焊至少两个叠片(1，2)的超声设备(100)，上述设备包括一由两个元件构成的封焊组件，该两个元件分别是一砧板(102)和一超声焊极(101)，它们设置成彼此面对，因而它们面对的表面(101’，102’)形成一用于穿过将要封焊的叠片的间隙(103)，上述间隙具有一入口部分(104)和一出口部分(105)，该超声焊极以高频振动而发射超声波，其特征在于，设有用于在叠片与上述封焊组件之间沿一特定进给方向(F)相对于封焊组件产生一相对运动的装置，上述通道间隙的截面在其入口部分与出口部分之间减小，上述封焊组件的至少一个元件包括一突出的隆脊，该隆脊没入上述通道间隙中，并沿全面平行于上述进给方向(F)的方向延伸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，上述突出隆脊形成于砧板(102)上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，砧板上与超声焊极相对的表面具有一点状轮廓，该点状轮廓由在其间形成一尖角的倾斜面(102a，102b)形成。
4.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，上述尖角约为140度。
5.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，砧板与超声焊极相对的表面大致是平的。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，上述通道间隙的入口部分比上述间隙出口部分的截面积大1.2到2倍。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，设有用于进给穿过叠片的装置，且封焊组件是固定的。
8.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，该封焊组件安装在一移动支架上，因而它能够相对于叠片沿一所需封焊方向移动。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，设有一与超声焊极组合的锤体或配重，它在叠片上施加一0.2.105到6.105帕的特定压力。
10.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，设有用于提高该特定压力的装置，从而该设备对叠片进行切割和封焊。
11.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，叠片相对于封焊组件的处理速度是50到150米/分钟，最好是60到80米/分钟。
12.用于封焊柔性包装件的方法，其特征在于，通过使用根据前述权利要求中任一项的设备对两个柔性叠片进行封焊，从而形成包装件的侧部。
13.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，叠片在上述通道间隙中通过从而导致叠片材料在上述隆脊的每一侧滑移。
14.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，上述滑移在上述隆脊的每一侧产生一滑移焊珠B，该焊珠B构成一主封焊线。
15.根据权利要求12至14中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在对叠片进行封焊的同时，对上述叠片进行切割。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，在切割过程中，叠片相对于封焊组件持续前进。
17.根据权利要求12至16中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在封焊前对包装件的侧部进行加热，从而软化每一侧的内表面。
18.根据权利要求12至17中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，包装件的侧部由一柔性层制成，该柔性层包括位于两塑料材料层之间的气密材料中心层。
19.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，该中心层包含铝。
20.根据权利要求18或19所述的方法，其特征在于，在封焊过程中，两叠片相互面对设置的各内层熔融在一起，两叠片的各中心层彼此接触。
21.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，每个叠片的内层包含聚丙烯。
22.柔性包装件，包括设置成相互面对的两部分叠片，其特征在于，该部分叠片通过根据权利要求12至21中的任一项所述的方法封焊。
23.可通过权利要求12至21中任一项所述的方法获得的柔性包装件，用于沿封焊线形成至少一个焊缝，其特征在于，上述封焊线的宽度约为一毫米。
24.通过权利要求20或21中任一项与权利要求18的结合的方法获得的柔性包装件，其特征在于，彼此接触的包装件侧部中心层构成一气密隔层。
25.根据权利要求24所述的柔性包装件，其特征在于，包装件的漏气水平约为2.4.10-4立方厘米/天。
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CN101946566B (zh) * 2007-12-13 2016-09-07 格马尔托股份有限公司 用于制造包括通过互连线互连的至少两个不同部件的装置的方法及所获得的装置
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