CN104969769A - Hybrid seed production method of sterile line of Abelmoschus esculentus Linn. - Google Patents
Hybrid seed production method of sterile line of Abelmoschus esculentus Linn. Download PDFInfo
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- CN104969769A CN104969769A CN201510478998.0A CN201510478998A CN104969769A CN 104969769 A CN104969769 A CN 104969769A CN 201510478998 A CN201510478998 A CN 201510478998A CN 104969769 A CN104969769 A CN 104969769A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hybrid seed production method of a sterile line of Abelmoschus esculentus Linn.. According to the method, a nuclear male sterile line is taken as a female parent and a restorer line is taken as a male parent to perform hybrid seed production, and the special seed production method for hybridization of the sterile line of Abelmoschus esculentus Linn. is formed through improvements on selection of seed production sites, preparation before seedling, seedling growing, seedling management, management in the early stage of flower and pod, management in the stage of flower and pod, management in the mature period, picking and processing and storage. According to the invention, the female parent of the sterile line is utilized, fertile plants of the female parent are removed, and then stigmas of sterile plants of the female parent are manually pollinated through pollen of the male parent, so that the cost of castration of the female parent is lowered, and the seed production efficiency and quality are improved. Meanwhile, by virtue of the improvements, produced hybrid seeds are high in purity, good in quality and high in yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of gumbo male sterile line cross-breeding method, belong to agricultural technology field.
Background technology
Gumbo (Abelmoschus esculentus Linn.), is Malvaceae Abelmoschus annual herb plant, originates in African torrid areas, belong to short day crop, happiness light, heat-resisting, not low temperature resistant, strong stress resistance, now extensively cultivates in subtropical and tropical zones.Gumbo whole body is precious, is that dual-purpose crop raised by medicine cauliflower.Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.) is recorded in Compendium of Material Medica: gumbo nature and flavor are sweet, cold, sliding, enters the heart, lung, kidney, stomach, liver and urinary bladder channel, can control insufficiency of the spleen weak, the dry constipation of intestines and dislike the illness such as sore, carbuncle furuncle.Radix abelmoscbi, stem, flower, seed etc. all can be used as medicine, and its root inducing diuresis for removing edema, controls gonorrhoea, alactation; Loose stasis of blood removing toxic substances, controls carbuncle sore, parotitis, infantile malnutrition due to digestive disturbances or intestinalparasites malignant boil hemorrhoid; Removing heat from the lung to relieve cough, controls cough with lung heat.Seed tonifying spleen stomach invigorating, controls indigestion, do not feel like eating, and symplectic bone of invigorating blood circulation, controls traumatic injury, fracture etc.The states such as gumbo is also put into already " Chinese Pharmacopoeia ", American-European list 2l the best of the century pollution-free food register in it, and American is called " plant vigour ", and Japanese is then called " Green Ginseng ".Along with the enhancing of people's nutrition and health care consciousness, the demand of domestic and international gumbo increases, and cultivated area expands year by year, and Shandong Province has reached 100,000 mu in 2014, and planting benefit is between 2-6 ten thousand yuan/mu, and gumbo plantation, processing and trade have become the important industry of Shandong Province.
Abelmoschus Cross Pollinated, has obvious hybrid vigour.In recent years, the Hybrid of cultivation got more and more, but seeding technique needs specification, and seed quality is in urgent need to be improved.For this reason, need to provide a kind of gumbo hybrid seed production technology, keep purity and the good strains of seeds of crossbreed, for the industrialization of gumbo crossbreed industry provides technical support.The gumbo cross-breeding technology of existing bibliographical information has more than ten years history apart from the present, as: okra crossbreeding wild technology (Niu Qingmin, Zhang Yingjun; Seed science and technology [J], phase calendar year 2001 12); Okra seeding technique (present respectfully, Chen Xiaoqi by gold; Plant subworld [J], 2 phases in 1998), be artificial emasculation pollination's production of hybrid seeds.Aforesaid way recruitment is many, and breeding cost is high, and quality difficulty controls.
Summary of the invention
The shortcomings such as instant invention overcomes gumbo artificial hybridization production of hybrid seeds recruitment many, breeding cost is high, the difficult control of quality, provide a kind of gumbo male sterile line cross-breeding method.The present invention utilizes male sterile line maternal, pulls out female fertile plant, then manually pollinates to the column cap of maternal sterile strain with the pollen of male parent, can reduce maternal emasculation cost, improve seed production efficiency and quality.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of gumbo male sterile line cross-breeding method, comprise production of hybrid seeds ground point selection, the front preparation of seedling, nursery, seedling management, flower pod prophase management, flower pod period management, maturing stage management, pluck and process and storage, it is characterized in that, do maternal with male sterility line, restorer does the paternal hybrid production of hybrid seeds, specific as follows:
(1) production of hybrid seeds ground point selection: selective light heat condition is good, soil fertility is fertile, physical features is smooth, be seed farm without the field of soil-borne disease, does not arrange flowers in seed farm and plants other crops, with the plantation distance of the gumbo of other kinds more than 50 meters;
(2) prepare before seedling: the autumn (winter) ploughs as deep ploughing immediately after preceding crop results; Late March ~ early April spring irrigation, not basal dressing and seed manure; Spring ploughing is shallow plowing, covering with plastic film temperature raising after rake drag;
(3) nursery: feeding block seedlings raising;
(4) seedling management: at the beginning of by the end of April to 5 month, select fine day to transplant; Parent subregion is planted, and Parent ratio is pressed 1:8 ~ 9 and configured; Fertilization strategy 0 ~ 1 time, waters 0 ~ 1 time;
(5) spend pod prophase management: mid or late June, control worm 1 time; Pull out hybrid strain, variant and grave illness strain; Late June thoroughly plucks early pod;
(6) spend pod period management: gumbo Post flowering, thoroughly pull out female fertile plant; Pollinate from beginning on July 6 ~ 10, end of day, adopted when every morning 8 ~ 12 and pollinated to flower method, binding method or bottle method August 15 ~ 18; Pollination terminates the colored pod of rear timely removal maternal selfing pod and the non-emasculation in top;
(7) maturing stage management: water 0 ~ 1 time; At the beginning of by the end of August ~ 9 months, leaf color starts thin out gumbo strain, foliage spray 1% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor;
(8) pluck processing and storage: the maturing stage plucks, adopt husker sheller threshing.
The spring irrigation of described step (2) is: water 40 ~ 60 cubic metres/666.7m in loam gumbo field
2, water 60 ~ 80 cubic metres/666.7m in saline-alkali soil gumbo field
2.
Described step (4), planting of maternal density 10000 ~ 11000 strains/666.7m
2; Size row is planted, large row 70-90cm, little row 30-40cm; Male parent planting density is 5000 ~ 5500 strains/666.7m
2.
Described step (4) fertilising is: the gumbo strain weak especially to growing way, every mu imposes 8 ~ 12 kilograms of urea, promotes neat seedling.
Described step (4) is watered at the beginning of: by the end of May to 6 month, during weather arid, water 1 time seedling stage water, best drip irrigation, promotes gumbo early budding.
The worm of controlling of described step (5) is: when seedling diseases and aphid occur, every 666.7m
2adopt 5% Imidacloprid 10 milliliters, dislike mould clever 2 grams and 100 grams 2000 ~ 3000 times, urea spraying control.
Described step (7) water for: in the year of drought in autumn, little water is watered in early September interlacing (capable greatly).
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention utilizes male sterile line maternal, pulls out female fertile plant, then manually pollinate to the column cap of maternal sterile strain with the pollen of male parent, maternal emasculation cost can be reduced, improve seed production efficiency and quality.The present invention is simultaneously on the basis of existing gumbo cross-breeding method, preparation before production of hybrid seeds ground point selection, seedling, nursery, seedling management, flower pod prophase management, flower pod period management, maturing stage management, harvesting processing and storage etc. are improved, defines a set of specially for the producing method for seed of gumbo male sterile line hybridization.The purity of gumbo crossbreed prepared by the inventive method is high, quality good and output is high.
Embodiment
1 production of hybrid seeds ground point selection
1.1 seed breeding base are selected
Seed breeding base should be arranged in that frost-free season is longer, light and heat condition is better, overcast and rainy less, the masses plant the area that gumbo level is high, human resources are sufficient.
The selection of 1.2 seed farms
Seed farm requires that soil layer is deep, soil fertility is fertile, physical features is smooth, row irrigation condition is good, without fusarium wilt, without soil-borne diseases such as verticillium wilt, Cheng Fang in flakes, traffic convenience.Can not arrange flowers in seed farm and plant other crops, within 50 meters, forbid the gumbo planting other kinds.
Prepare before 2 seedlings
2.1 make preparations for sowing
A) parent of hybrid seeding is provided by crossbreed incubation unit or breeding man, and quality meets national standard.
B) bask seeds 2 ~ 3 days before sowing, reject broken son, special-shaped son simultaneously.
2.2 staff training
Before the production of hybrid seeds, technical training is carried out to production of hybrid seeds personnel, make it be familiar with production of hybrid seeds program and requirement, establish quality mind, strict operational procedure.General every 6hm
2seed farm is equipped with 1 technician, is responsible for the supervision and check of seed production quality.
2.3 pure works prepare before production of hybrid seeds gumbo field is transplanted
2.31 autumns (winter) plough: deep plough immediately after preceding crop results.
2.32 spring irrigation: late March ~ early April, water 40 ~ 60 cubic metres/666.7m in loam gumbo field
2, water 60 ~ 80 cubic metres/666.7m in saline-alkali soil gumbo field
2.
2.33 not basal dressing and seed manures.
2.34 spring ploughing: phase shallow plowing should be ploughed, covering with plastic film temperature raising after rake drag.
3 nursery
Feeding block seedlings raising (also can adopt the seedling-cultivating method of substrate seedling, root-naked transplanting), implements DB37/T163-92 cotton nutrition seedling transplanting technique code.
4 seedling managements
4.1 field planting
At the beginning of by the end of April to 5 month, fine day is selected to transplant (hole-ground film).Parent subregion is planted, and Parent ratio is pressed 1:8 ~ 9 and configured; Planting of maternal density 10000 ~ 11000 strains/666.7m
2; Size row is planted, large row 70-90cm, little row 30-40cm.Male parent planting density is 5000 ~ 5500 strains/666.7m
2.
4.2 topdress
The gumbo strain weak especially to growing way, every mu can impose 8 ~ 12 kilograms of urea, promote neat seedling.
4.3 water
At the beginning of by the end of May to 6 month, as weather arid, water 1 time seedling stage water, best drip irrigation, promotes gumbo early budding.
5 flower pod prophase managements
5.1 change control
Time gumbo strain 5 ~ 6 pod joints (joint position of bearing pods), every 666.7m
2spray casing coupling peace 1 ~ 1.5g (or helping strong element 4 ~ 6ml).Spray large, little does not spray, and promotes neat seedling more.
5.2 control worm
General mid or late June, when seedling diseases and aphid occur, every 666.7m
2adopt 5% Imidacloprid 10 milliliters, dislike mould clever 2 grams and 100 grams 2000 ~ 3000 times, urea spraying control.
5.3 pull out hybrid strain
Strictly pull out hybrid strain, variant, grave illness strain.Production of hybrid seeds supervisor should carry out technological guidance, and inspects for acceptance.
5.4 pluck early pod
Late June thoroughly plucks early pod.
5.5 take off film, ridging
Late June takes off mulch film, clears up residual film; Ridging.
6 flower pod period managements
6.1 change control
The gumbo field that growing way is more prosperous, early July, every 666.7m
2casing coupling peace 2 ~ 2.5g (or helping strong element 8 ~ 10ml), sprays complete stool.July 15 ~ 20, control is changed again in the excessively prosperous gumbo field of growing way.Control to seal up under gumbo Tian great Hang does not seal row, little row not seal.6.2 pull out fertile plant
Gumbo Post flowering, close inspection, thoroughly pulls out female fertile plant (pure keeping key measure).Production of hybrid seeds supervisor will conscientiously inspect for acceptance.To repeatedly check between pollination period.
6.3 pollination
July 6 ~ 10 started, and August 15 ~ 18, end of day, carried out artificial supplementary pollination when every morning 8 ~ 12.Require, to the pollination of maternal column cap surrounding abundance, to avoid producing infertile son or infertile room, grow up to askew bar pod.Adopt the pollination of flower method, binding method or bottle method.
6.4 water drainage
Gumbo field ponding is got rid of immediately after heavy rain.
6.5 Plant adjustment
The seed farm that ventilation and penetrating light is poor, extracts bottom Ge Jie Lao Ye and fruit branch.
6.6 intertillage
Water or after heavy rain, adopt shallow hoe row greatly, abolish and harden.Forbid artificially trampleing on little row, maintain loosing soil and breathe freely.
6.7 pull out male parent
After pollination terminates, pull out male parent immediately, in order to ventilation and penetrating light, improve hybrid seed yield.
6.8 remove invalid colored pod
The maternal invalid colored pod of thorough removal, comprises the colored pod etc. of the non-emasculation of selfing pod and top.
The management of 7 maturing stages
7.1 water
In the year of drought in autumn, little water is watered in early September interlacing (capable greatly), prevents from meeting heavy rain, forms stain evil.
7.2 top dressing
At the beginning of by the end of August ~ 9 months, leaf color starts thin out gumbo strain, foliage spray 1% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor.
8 pluck, process and preserve
8.1 qualifications, the yield by estimation
By the end of August at the beginning of 9 months, tissue characterization, the yield by estimation.Register up-to-standard seed farm, core sends out the production of hybrid seeds quality certification, scraps the underproof seed farm of quality.
8.2 timely collecting
When gumbo comes to the ripening period, can start to pluck.Usually received once every 7 ~ 10 days, concentrate, unify to pick, the edge of a field is purchased.When temperature is higher, ripe very fast, results interval should be shorter.In the time as heavy in rotten pod, should shift to an earlier date and pick separately rotten pod, turn business after air dry and process, not to be used as kind.
8.3 processing and storage
Should deposit by criticizing to divide the gumbo seed purchased, point solarization, divide and roll, special stock is put, personal management.To be strictly on guard against in purchase, transport, airing, threshing (using husker sheller) and process and mix.
The seed processed will to be tested deciding grade and level according to GB4407.1 standard, and indices (purity, cleanliness, bud rate, moisture etc.) all meets the requirements and can put storage in storage.
Storage performs GB7415.
The present invention adopts No. 5, new Tokyo for male parent, it is maternal for adopting the caryogram selected in U.S. married woman refers to sterile, adopt above-mentioned method to carry out the production of hybrid seeds, the purity 100% of the production of hybrid seeds, output 100 kgs/acre, bud rate 95%, cleanliness 100%, moisture 11.1%, the production of hybrid seeds is respond well.
Claims (7)
1. a gumbo male sterile line cross-breeding method, comprise production of hybrid seeds ground point selection, the front preparation of seedling, nursery, seedling management, flower pod prophase management, flower pod period management, maturing stage management, pluck and process and storage, it is characterized in that, do maternal with male sterility line, restorer does the paternal hybrid production of hybrid seeds, specific as follows:
(1) production of hybrid seeds ground point selection: selective light heat condition is good, soil fertility is fertile, physical features is smooth, be seed farm without the field of soil-borne disease, does not arrange flowers in seed farm and plants other crops, with the plantation distance of the gumbo of other kinds more than 50 meters;
(2) prepare before seedling: autumn ploughing or winter ploughing are deep plough immediately after preceding crop results; Late March ~ early April spring irrigation, not basal dressing and seed manure; Spring ploughing is shallow plowing, covering with plastic film after rake drag;
(3) nursery: feeding block seedlings raising;
(4) seedling management: at the beginning of by the end of April to 5 month, select fine day to transplant; Parent subregion is planted, and Parent ratio is pressed 1:8 ~ 9 and configured; Fertilization strategy 0 ~ 1 time, waters 0 ~ 1 time;
(5) spend pod prophase management: mid or late June, control worm 1 time; Pull out hybrid strain, variant and grave illness strain; Late June thoroughly plucks early pod;
(6) spend pod period management: gumbo Post flowering, thoroughly pull out female fertile plant; Pollinate from beginning on July 6 ~ 10, end of day, adopted when every morning 8 ~ 12 and pollinated to flower method, binding method or bottle method August 15 ~ 18; Pollination terminates the colored pod of rear timely removal maternal selfing pod and the non-emasculation in top;
(7) maturing stage management: water 0 ~ 1 time; At the beginning of by the end of August ~ 9 months, leaf color starts thin out gumbo strain, foliage spray 1% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor;
(8) pluck processing and storage: the maturing stage plucks, adopt husker sheller threshing.
2. a kind of gumbo male sterile line cross-breeding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the spring irrigation of described step (2) is: water 40 ~ 60 cubic metres/666.7m in loam gumbo field
2, water 60 ~ 80 cubic metres/666.7m in saline-alkali soil gumbo field
2.
3. a kind of gumbo male sterile line cross-breeding method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described step (4), planting of maternal density 10000 ~ 11000 strains/666.7m
2; Size row is planted, large row 70-90cm, little row 30-40cm; Male parent planting density is 5000 ~ 5500 strains/666.7m
2.
4. as a kind of gumbo male sterile line cross-breeding method in claim 1-3 as described in any one, it is characterized in that, described step (4) fertilising is: the gumbo strain weak especially to growing way, every mu imposes 8 ~ 12 kilograms of urea.
5. as a kind of gumbo male sterile line cross-breeding method in claim 1-3 as described in any one, it is characterized in that, described step (4) is watered at the beginning of: by the end of May to 6 month, during weather arid, water 1 time seedling stage water.
6. as a kind of gumbo male sterile line cross-breeding method in claim 1-3 as described in any one, it is characterized in that, the worm of controlling of described step (5) is: when seedling diseases and aphid occur, every 666.7m
2adopt 5% Imidacloprid 10 milliliters, dislike mould clever 2 grams and 100 grams 2000 ~ 3000 times, urea spraying control.
7., as a kind of gumbo male sterile line cross-breeding method in claim 1-3 as described in any one, to it is characterized in that, described step (7) water as the year of drought in autumn, early September waters little water every large row.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107079809A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-08-22 | 左志军 | A kind of selection of edible oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers male sterile line |
| CN111919678A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2020-11-13 | 江苏苏中药业集团股份有限公司 | Application of mepiquat chloride in increasing content of hyperin in abelmoschus manihot |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111919678B (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2022-06-03 | 江苏苏中药业集团股份有限公司 | Application of mepiquat chloride in increasing content of hyperin in abelmoschus manihot |
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