CN104962070B - 氢氯氟烯烃以及氢氟烯烃的发泡剂组合物 - Google Patents

氢氯氟烯烃以及氢氟烯烃的发泡剂组合物 Download PDF

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CN104962070B
CN104962070B CN201510455772.9A CN201510455772A CN104962070B CN 104962070 B CN104962070 B CN 104962070B CN 201510455772 A CN201510455772 A CN 201510455772A CN 104962070 B CN104962070 B CN 104962070B
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B·B·陈
J·S·科斯塔
P·波内特
M·Y·艾尔希科
霍恩 B·L·范
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Abstract

在此披露了一种用于热固性泡沫的发泡剂。该发泡剂是一种氢氟烯烃(HCFO)，优选HFCO‑1234ze与一种氢氯氟烯烃(HCFO)的组合，该氢氯氟烯烃优选是选自HCFO‑1233zd、HCFO‑1223、HCFO‑1233xf以及它们的混合物中的一种。该发泡剂作为热固性泡沫生产中的发泡剂是有效的。

Description

氢氯氟烯烃以及氢氟烯烃的发泡剂组合物
本发明专利申请是国际申请号为PCT/US2008/058602，国际申请日为2008年3月28日，进入中国国家阶段的申请号为200880010224.3的发明专利申请的分案申请。
发明领域
本发明涉及用于热固性泡沫的发泡剂。更具体地说，本发明涉及至少一种氢氟烯烃(例如HFO-1234ze)与至少一种氢氯氟烯烃(HCFO)(例如HCFO-1233zd、HCFO-1223、HCFO-1233xf以及它们的混合物)的组合作为一种发泡剂在热固性泡沫生产中的使用。
发明背景
用于臭氧层保护的蒙特利尔议定书(于1987年10月签署)命令逐步淘汰氯氟烃类(CFC)的使用。对臭氧层更“友好”的材料，例如氢氟烷类(HFC)(例如HFC-134a)取代了氯氟烃类。后者的化合物已证明是温室气体，温室气体引起全球变暖并且受关于气候变化的京都议定书(于1998年签署)所管辖。所出现的替代材料(氢氟丙烯类)表明是环境可接受的，即具有零臭氧消耗潜势(ODP)以及可接受的低全球变暖潜势(GWP)。
当前使用的用于热固性泡沫的发泡剂包括HFC-134a、HFC-245fa、HFC-365mfc(具有相对高的全球变暖潜势)，以及烃类(例如可燃的并且具有低能量效率的戊烷异构体类)。因此，正在寻找新的可替代的发泡剂。卤化的氢烯烃类物质(例如氢氟丙烯类和/或氢氯氟丙烯类)作为HFC的代替物已产生了的兴趣。这些材料在低层大气中的固有的化学不稳定性提供了所希望的低的全球变暖潜势以及零或接近零的臭氧消耗潜势。
本发明的目的是提供可充当用于热固性泡沫的发泡剂的新颖的组合物，该组合物提供了独特的特性来满足低的或零臭氧消耗潜势、更低的全球变暖潜势的需要并且显示出低的毒性。
发明内容
本发明涉及基于不饱和卤化氢烯烃的发泡剂的用途，这类发泡剂具有可忽略的(低的或零)臭氧消耗和低的全球变暖潜势。此类发泡剂包括至少一种氢氟烯烃(优选(HFO)HFO-1234ze)与至少一种氢氯氟烯烃(HCFO)(例如HCFO-1233zd、HCFO-1223、HCFO-1233xf以及它们的混合物)的一个组合。HFO-1234ze是1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯；HCFO 1223是二氯三氟丙烯；HCFO-1233zd是1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯；HCFO1233xf是2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯。该组合物可以进一步包括一种额外的氢氟烯烃(HFO)、一种氢氟烷、一种烃、一种醇、一种醛、一种酮醚/二醚、一种酯、二氧化碳，以及它们的混合物。
氢氟烯烃(HFO)材料已被提议作为发泡剂，此类发泡剂显示出低的全球变暖潜势以及低的臭氧消耗值。低的全球变暖潜势以及低的臭氧消耗值是氢氟烯烃类的大气降解作用的一个结果。
通过在多元醇混合物中混合，氢氟烯烃(优选HFO-1234ze)与一种氢氯氟烯烃(HCFO)(优先选自HCFO-1223、HCFO-1233zd、HCFO-1233xf以及它们的混合物)的组合可以作为一种发泡剂用于热固性泡沫。所生成的产物显示出优越的品质，包括减小的密度以及改进的k-因数。该发泡剂在热固性聚合物中溶解，并且提供了足以生产可接受的泡沫的一定程度的增塑作用。
在用于生产聚氨酯以及聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的多元醇混合物中，本发明优选的发泡剂组合物，氢氟烯烃(优选HFO-1234ze)与一种氢氯氟烯烃(HCFO)(优先选自HCFO-1223、HCFO-1233zd、HCFO-1233xf以及它们的混合物)的组合，显示出良好的溶解性。在此，在此提及HFO-1234ze包括顺式异构体、反式异构体以及它们的混合物。本发明的组合物的大部分是氢氟烯烃，优选HFO-1234ze组分。氢氟烯烃(优选HFO-1234ze组分)与一种氢氯氟烯烃(HCFO)(优先选自HCFO-1223、HCFO-1233zd、HCFO-1233xf以及它们的混合物)的组合的一个优选比率是大于约5wt％的氢氟烯烃(优选HFO-1234ze)。
本发明的氢氟烯烃(优选HFO-1234ze)与一种氢氯氟烯烃(HCFO)(优先选自HCFO-1223、HCFO-1233zd、HCFO-1233xf以及它们的混合物)的组合可以在与低的或零臭氧消耗值物质的组合中使用，这些物质包括但不局限于：(a)氢氟烷类，包括但不局限于二氟甲烷(HFC32)；1,1,1-三氟乙烷(143a)；1,1,1,2,2-五氯乙烷(HFC125)；1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷(HFC134)；1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(HFC134a)；1,1-二氟乙烷(HFC152a)；1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙烷(HFC227ea)；1,1,1,3,3-五氟丙烷(HFC245fa)；1,1,1,3,3-五氟丁烷(HFC365mfc)以及1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-十氟戊烷(HFC4310mee)。(b)额外的氢氟烯烃类(除HFO-1234ze之外)，包括但不局限于四氟丙烯类(如HFO1234yf)、三氟丙烯类(HFO1243zf)、所有的四氟丁烯异构体类(HFO1354)、所有的五氟丁烯异构体类(HFO1345)、所有的六氟丁烯异构体类(HFO1336)、所有的七氟丁烯异构体类(HFO1327)、所有的七氟戊烯异构体类(HFO1447)、所有的八氟戊烯异构体类(HFO1438)以及所有的九氟戊烯异构体类(HFO1429)；(c)烃类，包括但不局限于戊烷异构体类、丁烷异构体类；(d)C1至C5的醇类、C1至C4的醛类、C1至C4的酮类、C1至C4的酯类、C1至C4的醚类和二醚类，以及二氧化碳。
根据本发明，本发明的可起泡的组合物总体而言包括能够形成泡沫(具有一种总体上多孔的结构)的一种或多种组分以及一种发泡剂，典型的是在一个组合中。在某些实施方案中，该一种或多种组分包括一种能够形成泡沫的热固性组合物和/或可起泡的组合物。热固性组合物的实例包括聚氨酯以及聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫组合物，以及还有酚类的泡沫组合物。在此类热固性泡沫的实施方案中，包括本发明的一种或多种组合物作为在一种可起泡的组合物中的一种发泡剂或发泡剂的一部分，或作为一种两部分或多部分的可起泡组合物的一部分，该可起泡组合物优选包括在适当的条件下能够反应和/或能够起泡以形成一种泡沫或多孔结构的一种或多种组分。
本发明还涉及从一种聚合物泡沫配制品制备的泡沫，并且优选闭孔泡沫，该聚合物泡沫配制品含有包括本发明的组合物的一种发泡剂。然而在其他的实施方案中，本发明提供了可起泡的组合物，这类组合物包括热固性泡沫，例如聚氨酯以及聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫，优选柔性或刚性的低密度泡沫。
本领域的那些普通技术人员将理解到，本发明的发泡剂组合形成和/或加入可起泡的组合物的顺序和方式总体上不影响本发明的可操作性。例如，在聚氨酯泡沫的情况下，有可能该发泡剂组合的不同组分(以及甚至本发明的组合物的多个组分)不在引入发泡设备之前混合，或者甚者这些组分不加入该发泡设备中的同一位置。因此，在某些实施方案中，可能希望在一台共混机中引入该发泡剂组合的一种或多种组分，期望这些组分将在该发泡设备中汇合到一起和/或以这种方式更有效地运作。尽管如此，在某些实施方案中，使该发泡剂组合中的一种或多种组分提前结合，并且一起引入该起泡组合物中(直接地或作为预混合料的一部分)，然后进一步加入该可起泡组合物的其他部分。
实例
实例1：泡沫的制备
泡沫是由一台小型聚氨酯配料器制得。该配料器由两个承压的汽缸构成，并且可以通过调节器调节压力。将B-侧(多元醇)的混合物进行预混合，并且然后装入承压的汽缸内，并且A-侧由MDI组成。然后向B-侧的汽缸内加入发泡剂并且充分混合。该汽缸与配有静态混合器的喷液枪相连。调节两个汽缸内的气压，这样可以实现所希望的A侧与B侧之比。每一个所测试的配制品(对ROH都具有110的Iso指数)都含有Rubinate M(从Huntsman可得的一种聚合物亚甲基联苯二异氰酸酯(MDI))、Jeffol SG-360和R-425-X(来自Huntsman的一种多元醇)、TEAP-265(来自Carpenter Company的一种多元醇)。从Evonik-Degussa可得的一种表面活性剂TegostabB 8465。Jeffcat TD33A和ZR-70是来自Huntsman的催化剂。来自Huntsman的一种增容剂NP 9.5。总体发泡水平是26.0mls/g。
表1：HFO1234ze和HCFO1233zd(反式)配方
表1概述了每次运行的配方。HFC134a作为对照发泡剂使用。
实例2：B-侧蒸气压
表2：在B-侧混合物中的HFO1234ze蒸气压
*B-侧蒸气压/HFO1234ze浓度
表2中显示的结果展示出HCFO 1233zd的使用可以降低b-侧混合物的蒸气压。蒸气压越低，发泡剂的溶解度越好。从测试A至C，随着HFO1234ze浓度下降，压力下降，然而对于C，蒸气压是零磅/平方英寸，这是一个出人意料的结果。
实例3：K-因数
如表3中所示，在10°F与130°F之间对所得到的泡沫进行k-因数测量(ASTM C518)。在使用带锯机除去泡沫皮后的48小时内，获得初始的k-因数。更低的k-因数表明更好的绝缘值。
表3：k-因数的比较
K-因数是热绝缘的一个关键参数。向HFO1234ze添加HCFO1233zd改进了单独由HFO1234ze制得的泡沫的k-因数。
实例4：泡沫体积变化
表4：泡沫体积变化的比较
根据ASTM D2126进行热老化和湿老化测试。将该泡沫在烘箱中于70℃下以及97％的相对湿度下保存7天。结果在表4中概述。应该指出的是该公式对于大小稳定性不是优化的，但是对于增塑的程度的研究而言是优化的。本领域普通技术人员已知，HFC134a在多元醇混合物以及聚合物中具有差的溶解度，这表明它在聚氨酯中具有相对低程度的增塑作用。在样品E中，泡沫具有15％的体积减小，暗示了孔发生破裂。由于低程度的增塑作用，该聚合物具有更低的弹性。然而，如在样品D(只使用HCFO1233zd)中所显示，实际上体积有增加，对于样品E而言则相反。样品A只包含HFO1234ze，并且结果显示体积减少，这表明一些孔发生破裂。样品C同时含有HCFO1233zd和HFO134ze，体积甚至比样品D增加更多。这些结果是出人意料的。
实例5：可加工性
表5：自由发起密度
如在表5中所示，在本研究中，样品C具有最低的自由发起密度，这暗示了HFO1233zd与HFO 1234ze间的一种协同作用。低的自由发起密度导致了更低的填充重量以及材料节省。
表6：起泡程度
表5表明，随着HCFO1233zd水平的增加，起泡程度变小。起泡程度是应该受控制的加工参数。起泡程度越小，泡沫前体就越容易流动，泡沫质量就越好，并且绝缘特性就越好。
虽然在此参照特定的实施方案对本发明进行了展示和说明，但无意将所附的权利要求限制为所示的细节。相反，在此预期本领域的普通技术人员可对这些细节做出不同的变更，这些变更仍然会在所要求的主题的精神和范围之内，并且在此企望对这些权利要求进行相应的诠释。

Claims (6)

1.一种泡沫产品，包含：
选自聚氨酯和聚异氰脲酸酯的热固性泡沫材料；和
包含氢氯氟烯烃1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯和第一氢氟烯烃1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯的发泡剂，其中，基于存在的所述氢氯氟烯烃1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯与所述氢氟烯烃1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯来计，1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯与1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯的重量百分比为89.9:10.1。
2.如权利要求1所述的泡沫产品，它还包括选自非氢氟烯烃和非氢氯氟烯烃的氢氟烷作为共发泡剂。
3.如权利要求2所述的泡沫产品，其中所述氢氟烷是选自下组，其构成为：二氟甲烷(HFC32)、1,1,1,2,2-五氟乙烷(HFC125)、1,1,1-三氟乙烷(143a)、1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷(HFC134)、1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(HFC134a)、1,1-二氟乙烷(HFC152a)、1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙烷(HFC227ea)、1,1,1,3,3-五氟丙烷(HFC245fa)、1,1,1,3,3-五氟丁烷(HFC365mfc)以及1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-十氟戊烷(HFC4310mee)。
4.如权利要求3所述的泡沫产品，它还包括选自下组的一种第二氢氟烯烃，该组的构成为：四氟丙烯类；三氟丙烯类；四氟丁烯异构体类；五氟丁烯异构体类；六氟丁烯异构体类；七氟丁烯异构体类；七氟戊烯异构体类；八氟戊烯异构体类以及九氟戊烯异构体类。
5.如权利要求2所述的泡沫产品，它还包括选自下组的一种组分，该组的构成为：第二氢氟烯烃(HFO)、氢氟烷、烃、醇、醛、酮、醚/二醚、酯、二氧化碳以及它们的混合物。
6.如权利要求2所述的泡沫产品，它还包括第二氢氟烯烃，其选自：HFO-1234yf,HFO-1243zf,HFO-1354,HFO-1345,HFO-1336,HFO-1327,HFO-1447,HFO-1438和HFO-1429。
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