CN104719206B - A kind of mating system of Holothuria scabra artificial seed - Google Patents
A kind of mating system of Holothuria scabra artificial seed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of mating system of Holothuria scabra artificial seed, including parent participation cultivation, induced spawning, wash ovum and hatching, larval culture, collect seedling, it is young ginseng cultivate etc. step, wherein, using spirulina powder, marine yeast, aquatic products yeast and bacillus as bait, not only feed source is convenient, and save the input of unicellular class culture facility, the manpower saved simultaneously required for unicellular alga bait culture, breading sea cucumber seedlings cost can be significantly saved, and is conducive to the popularization of Holothuria scabra seed breeding technology.Culture facility infusion of financial resources about 25% instead of Living single cell algae, can be saved using alternative bait, nursery human input about 30% can be saved, nursery input and output is than 1: 3.Wherein, induced before and after the induced spawning selection lunar calendar junior one and 15 in 2 days, obtain the good effect for adopting ovum for 1 month 2 times, induced spawning success rate is 83.3%, there is the high technical barrier of solution Holothuria scabra parent participation induced spawning difficulty.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture field, more particularly to a kind of mating system of Holothuria scabra artificial seed.
Background technology
Holothuria scabra, scientific name：Holothuria scabra, are the animals of Holothuriidae sea cucumber category, the bright beautiful ginseng of popular name, the root of straight ladybell, in vain
Ginseng, is a kind of beche-de-mer of high-quality, the characteristics of with high protein, low fat, low sugar, with very high nutritive value, economy
Value and healthcare function, are real environmental health food.In the world, Holothuria scabra is also a kind of important tropical holothruian cultures
Kind and the high-grade aquatic products of foreign exchange earning.West is distributed in from Natta ear port to Red sea, eastwards to Caroline, Fijian group
Island, northwards arrive Japan, it is to the south to Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan of Australia and China's Mainland and other places, typically move in fringing reef side
Edge and tidewater flow velocity be fast and sea grass more than husky bottom.As the important link of holothruian cultures, breading sea cucumber seedlings technology is in China
Generally deploy coastal area.
But current Holothuria scabra seed breeding is primarily present following two aspects problem：First, the young swims the stage using trying to gain
Family name's Chaetoceros, Isochrysis galbana, P latymonas subcordifomis and chlorella be bait, due to Holothuria scabra nursery season southern area water temperature compared with
Height, above culture of living feeds is highly susceptible to protozoan pollution and causes failure, so as to cause sea cucumber young bait to supply
It is difficult to ensure that；2nd, the effective ways, Holothuria scabra egg-laying pattern and effective induction side of Holothuria scabra parent participation cultivation are not explored
Method.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome deficiency of the prior art, there is provided a kind of side of breeding of Holothuria scabra artificial seed
Method, cost is low, and induced spawning rate is high, and the yield and quality of Holothuria scabra seed are good high.
The first aspect of the invention is to provide a kind of mating system of Holothuria scabra artificial seed, comprises the following steps：
(1) parent participation is cultivated：
The selection natural Holothuria scabras of body weight 150-400g propagate Holothuria scabra artificially for parent participation, put in a suitable place to breed and are trained in indoor cement pit
Educate, breeding density 10-15 heads/m2, bottom of pond placement things concealed；Dusk bait throwing in daily 1 time, daily ration of feeding is the 3- of parent participation body weight
5%, wherein, in parts by weight, the nursing bait of parent participation includes 400-450 parts of sargassum thunbergii powder, stichopus japonicus parent participation mixed feed
3-8 parts of 400-450 parts, 100-200 parts of ooze, 3-8 parts of aquatic products yeast and B B-complex；Continuous flowing water and inflation, are kept for day
Streamflow is 3-5 times of water body of cultivation, seawater salinity 25-32, more than dissolved oxygen content 5mg/L；Periodically remove bottom of pond residual bait, flushing tank
Bottom and change water；
(2) induced spawning：
In the spawning season in Holothuria scabra 3-10 months, select lunar calendar junior one every month and/or enter in front and rear 2 days of 15
Stop within 1 day before row induced spawning, induced spawning bait throwing in, filtering sea handle is used in that afternoon of induced spawning, the healthy and strong parent participation of selection
Ginseng body surface face is rinsed well, is then put in airbreak in indoor raising of seedling pond and is dried in the shade 30-60min, then uses filtering sea stimulation by running water
30-60min, reinjects seawater, treats Spawning；
(3) ovum and hatching are washed：
After Spawning terminates, parent participation is pulled out, excrement is removed in siphon, change 1-2 unnecessary sperm of removal of water, each quantity of exchanged water
40-60%, embryonated egg is hatched in former induced spawning pond；
(4) larval culture：
Incubating oosperm development is after the first ear young, calculates young density, and it is 0.1-0.3 to control first ear young breeding density
Individual/mL；Using spirulina powder, marine yeast, aquatic products yeast and bacillus as bait, daily bait throwing in 3-4 times, each bait throwing in concentration
Spirulina powder 0.03-0.10mg/L, marine yeast 0.1-0.15mg/L, aquatic products yeast 0.03-0.10mg/L, bacillus
0.05-0.08mg/L；The young is put in a suitable place to breed the 1st to the 3rd day, and the 8-15% sand filter seawaters of addition seedling water, every after the 4th day daily
It changes water 20-40%；It is doliolaria that the young cultivated development abnormal by 8-11 days；
(5) collect seedling：
When the big ear larval metamorphosises of 25-35% are doliolaria, deliver collector to doliolaria attachment and finish, it is during which every
It changes water 40-60%；
(6) young ginseng is cultivated：
Doliolaria settlement and metamorphosis is 10 days after young ginseng in, except feeding spirulina, marine yeast, aquatic products yeast and gemma
Outside bacillus, start to feed young ginseng mixed feed, sargassum thunbergii powder and ooze.Each daily ration, feeding quantity is spirulina powder 0.04-0.06mg/
L, marine yeast 0.04-0.06mg/L, aquatic products yeast 0.03-0.05mg/L, bacillus 0.02-0.04mg/L, young ginseng coordinate
Feed 0.6-1.2mg/L, sargassum thunbergii powder 0.9-1.8mg/L, ooze 1.5-3.0mg/L, at dusk morning and respectively throwing 1 time；
Young Shenfu the rear 11st to the 30th day, stops throwing spirulina, marine yeast and aquatic products yeast, each bait throwing in concentration is bud
Spore bacillus 0.3-1.0mg/L, young ginseng mixed feed 1.5-2.5mg/L, sargassum thunbergii powder 2.5-4.0mg/L, ooze 4.0-7.0mg/
L, at dusk morning and respectively throwing 1 time；Cultivated under the conditions of miniflow water and continuous charge, day streamflow be 0.5-1 times of seedling water, dissolve
More than oxygen 5mg/L；The regular removing of falling pond bottom of pond residual bait and excrement；As young ginseng growth 09-1.1cm long up to body, young ginseng is peeled off
Continue to cultivate in bottom of pond；When young ginseng grows to more than 2cm, cultivate or cultivate available for pond net box.
Further, in step (1), sargassum thunbergii powder, stichopus japonicus parent participation mixed feed and ooze three in the nursing bait of parent participation
Person's proportioning is 4.5: 4.5: 1.
Further, during the young ginseng of step (6) is cultivated, each daily ration, feeding quantity is spirulina powder 0.05mg/L, marine yeast
0.05mg/L, aquatic products yeast 0.04mg/L, bacillus 0.03mg/L, young ginseng mixed feed 0.6-1.2mg/L, sargassum thunbergii powder
0.9-1.8mg/L, ooze 1.5-3.0mg/L.
Further, in step (1), bottom of pond residual bait, flushing tank bottom are periodically removed and the frequency of water is changed it is：Per 1-3 rainbows
Inhale and remove bottom of pond residual bait 1 time, every 6-8 days Drain rinse bottom of pond 1 time, pond 1 time per 10-20 days.
Further, in step (6), the frequency of the regular removing of falling pond bottom of pond residual bait and excrement is：The removing of falling pond in 7-10 days
Residual bait and excrement 1 time.
Further, in step (5), collector uses plastic corrugated sheet.
The second aspect of the invention is to provide a kind of Holothuria scabra larval culture bait, in parts by weight, the bait
Material includes 0.03-0.10 parts of spirulina powder, 0.1-0.15 parts of marine yeast, 0.03-0.10 parts of aquatic products yeast, bacillus
0.05-0.08 parts.
The third aspect of the invention is to provide making for the Holothuria scabra larval culture bait described in second aspect of the invention
With method, control just ear young breeding density be 0.1-0.3/mL, daily bait throwing in 3-4 times, each bait throwing in concentration is：Spirulina
Powder 0.03-0.10mg/L, marine yeast 0.1-0.15mg/L, aquatic products yeast 0.03-0.10mg/L, bacillus 0.05-
0.08mg/L。
The present invention replaces living body biological bait using spirulina powder, marine yeast, aquatic products yeast, bacillus etc., not only
Feed source is convenient, and saves the input of unicellular class culture facility, while saving the people required for Micro Algae bait culture
Power, can significantly save breading sea cucumber seedlings cost, and be conducive to the popularization of Holothuria scabra seed breeding technology.Using alternative bait come generation
For Living single cell algae, culture facility infusion of financial resources about 25% can be saved, nursery human input about 30% can be saved, nursery is thrown
Enter and output ratio 1: 3.It can be seen that replacing live body using the alternative bait such as spirulina powder, marine yeast, food yeast, bacillus
The supply of young bait is effectively ensured as Holothuria scabra young bait in single-cell algae.
The present invention also explores mating period and the egg-laying pattern of Holothuria scabra, before and after the selection lunar calendar junior one and 15 in 2 days
Induced spawning obtains the good achievement for adopting ovum for 1 month 2 times, and induced spawning success rate is 83.3%, there is the parent participation induction of solution Holothuria scabra
The high technical barrier of difficulty of laying eggs.
The present invention has very high application value using above Holothuria scabra nursery new technology, and easily promotes.
Embodiment
The present invention is described further referring to specific embodiment, to more fully understand the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) parent participation is cultivated：
The selection natural Holothuria scabras of body weight 150-400g propagate Holothuria scabra artificially for parent participation, put in a suitable place to breed in 10-20m3Indoor water
Cultivated in mud sump, breeding density 10-15 heads/m2.It is things concealed that bottom of pond, which places 25cm × 25cm, the high pin brick of 5cm cement four of pin,.With
The mixing such as sargassum thunbergii powder, stichopus japonicus parent participation mixed feed, aquatic products yeast, ooze and B B-complex is fed, daily dusk bait throwing in 1
Secondary, daily ration of feeding is the 3-5% of body weight.In parts by weight, the nursing bait of parent participation include 400-450 parts of sargassum thunbergii powder,
400-450 parts of stichopus japonicus parent participation mixed feed, 100-200 parts of ooze, 3-8 parts of aquatic products yeast (general to use 5 parts) and compound dimension life
Plain 3-8 parts (general to use 5 parts).General sargassum thunbergii powder, stichopus japonicus parent participation mixed feed and ooze three proportioning are 4.5: 4.5: 1.
Every siphon in 2 days removes bottom of pond residual bait 1 time, every 7 days Drain rinse bottom of pond 1 time, falls pond 1 time per two weeks.Continuous stream
Water and inflation.Day streamflow is cultivates 3-5 times of water body, seawater salinity 25-32, more than dissolved oxygen content 5mg/L.Parent participation cultivates 10
Month, survival rate 95.8%.
(2) induced spawning method：
In the spawning season in Holothuria scabra 3-10 months, selection lunar calendar junior one every month and progress in front and rear 2 days of 15
Stop bait throwing within 1 day before induced spawning, induced spawning.That afternoon of induced spawning, the healthy and strong parent participation of selection, with filtering sea ginseng
Body surface face is rinsed well, is then put in airbreak in indoor raising of seedling pond and is dried in the shade 30-60min, then with filtering sea stimulation by running water 30-
60min, reinjects 80cm seawater and waits Spawning.
12 parent participation induced spawnings are carried out altogether, wherein, 10 times induced spawning succeeds, and induced spawning success rate is
83.3%, hatch the just ear young 2584.4 ten thousand altogether.
(3) ovum and hatching are washed：
After Spawning terminates, parent participation is pulled out, excrement is removed in siphon, change 1-2 unnecessary sperm of removal of water, each quantity of exchanged water
50%, embryonated egg is hatched in former induced spawning pond.
(4) larval culture：
Incubating oosperm development is after the first ear young, calculates young density, when such as young density is more than 0.3/mL, children
Body siphon is collected in 300 mesh net cages, and then the young point is negligent of to cultivate in other nursery ponds.Just ear young breeding density is
0.1-0.3/mL.Using spirulina powder, marine yeast, aquatic products yeast and bacillus as bait, daily bait throwing in 3-4 times, every time
Bait throwing in concentration spirulina powder 0.03-0.10mg/L, marine yeast 0.1-0.15mg/L, aquatic products yeast 0.03-0.10mg/L, gemma
Bacillus 0.05-0.08mg/L.The young is put in a suitable place to breed the 1st to the 3rd day, daily 10% sand filter seawater of addition seedling water；After 4th day
Change water 30% daily.It is doliolaria that the young cultivated development abnormal by 8-11 days.
10 batch larvae cultivations are carried out altogether, wherein, 8 batch larval cultures are successful, and (wherein, larval culture fails twice
It is because caused by typhoon influence).
(5) collect seedling：
It is 40cm × 30cm polyethylene corrugated plates to collect seedling with specification, and corrugated plating is first sterilized with 20mg/L concentration potassium permanganate
20min, then clean with fresh water flush, every 10 corrugated platings, which are put into plastic crate frame, constitutes a bundle, standby after airing.When 30%
When big ear larval metamorphosis is doliolaria, the plastic corrugated sheet into bundle is placed horizontally in nursery pond.Treat that young Shenfu the 10th
The plastic corrugated sheet into bundle is vertically placed again after it.Deliver collector to doliolaria attachment and finish period, water is changed daily
50%.
(6) young ginseng is cultivated：
Doliolaria settlement and metamorphosis is after young ginseng in 10 days, except feeding spirulina, marine yeast, aquatic products yeast and gemma bar
Outside bacterium, start to feed young ginseng mixed feed, sargassum thunbergii powder and ooze, each daily ration, feeding quantity is spirulina powder 0.04-0.06mg/L,
Marine yeast 0.04-0.06mg/L, aquatic products yeast 0.03-0.05mg/L, bacillus 0.02-0.04mg/L, young ginseng, which coordinates, raises
Expect 0.6-1.2mg/L, sargassum thunbergii powder 0.9-1.8mg/L, ooze 1.5-3.0mg/L is (for example：Spirulina powder 0.05mg/L, ocean
Yeast 0.05mg/L, aquatic products yeast 0.04mg/L, bacillus 0.03mg/L, young ginseng mixed feed 0.6-1.2mg/L, sargassum thunbergii
Powder 0.9-1.8mg/L, ooze 1.5-3.0mg/L), morning and at dusk respectively throwing 1 time.
Young Shenfu the rear 11st to the 30th day, stops throwing spirulina, marine yeast and aquatic products yeast, each bait throwing in concentration is bud
Spore bacillus 0.3-1.0mg/L, young ginseng mixed feed 1.5-2.5mg/L, sargassum thunbergii powder 2.5-4.0mg/L, ooze 4.0-7.0mg/
L.Morning and at dusk respectively throwing 1 time.Cultivated under the conditions of miniflow water and continuous charge, day streamflow be 0.5-1 times of seedling water, dissolve
More than oxygen 5mg/L.The 7-10 days removing of falling pond residual baits and excrement 1 time.When young ginseng growth is up to the long 1cm of body, being attached to corrugated plating
Young ginseng is peeled off to be continued to cultivate in bottom of pond.When young ginseng grows to more than 2cm, cultivate or cultivate available for pond net box.
The long 2-5.5cm seedlings of common nurture body 88.1 ten thousand.
The present invention can save culture facility infusion of financial resources 25%, can save nursery human input 30%, nursery input and production
Go out than 1: 3.
The specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail above, but it is intended only as example, and the present invention is not limited
It is formed on particular embodiments described above.To those skilled in the art, it is any to the equivalent modifications that carry out of the present invention and
Substitute also all among scope of the invention.Therefore, the impartial conversion made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and
Modification, all should be contained within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of mating system of Holothuria scabra artificial seed, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) parent participation is cultivated：
The selection natural Holothuria scabras of body weight 150-400g propagate Holothuria scabra artificially for parent participation, put in a suitable place to breed and are cultivated in indoor cement pit,
Breeding density 10-15 heads/m2, bottom of pond placement things concealed；Dusk bait throwing in daily 1 time, daily ration of feeding is the 3-5% of parent participation body weight,
Wherein, in parts by weight, the nursing bait of parent participation includes 400-450 parts of sargassum thunbergii powder, stichopus japonicus parent participation mixed feed 400-
3-8 parts of 450 parts, 100-200 parts of ooze, 3-8 parts of aquatic products yeast and B B-complex；Continuous flowing water and inflation, keep day flowing water
Measure to cultivate 3-5 times of water body, seawater salinity 25-32, more than dissolved oxygen content 5mg/L；Periodically remove bottom of pond residual bait, flushing tank bottom and
Change water；
(2) induced spawning：
In the spawning season in Holothuria scabra 3-10 months, select lunar calendar junior one every month and/or lured in front and rear 2 days of 15
Stop within 1 day before artificial delivery ovum, induced spawning bait throwing in, that afternoon of induced spawning, the healthy and strong parent participation of selection, with filtering sea ginseng body
Surface washing is clean, is then put in airbreak in indoor raising of seedling pond and dries in the shade 30-60min, then with filtering sea stimulation by running water 30-
60min, reinjects seawater, treats Spawning；
(3) ovum and hatching are washed：
After Spawning terminates, parent participation is pulled out, excrement is removed in siphon, change 1-2 unnecessary sperm of removal of water, each quantity of exchanged water 40-
60%, embryonated egg is hatched in former induced spawning pond；
(4) larval culture：
After incubating oosperm development is the first ear young, calculate young density, control just ear young breeding density be 0.1-0.3 it is individual/
mL；Using spirulina powder, marine yeast, aquatic products yeast and bacillus as bait；Bait throwing in daily 3-4 times, each bait throwing in concentration spiral shell
Spirulina powder 0.03-0.10mg/L, marine yeast 0.1-0.15mg/L, aquatic products yeast 0.03-0.10mg/L, bacillus 0.05-
0.08mg/L；The young is put in a suitable place to breed the 1st to the 3rd day, and the 8-15% sand filter seawaters of addition seedling water, are changed daily after the 4th day daily
Water 20-40%；It is doliolaria that the young cultivated development abnormal by 8-11 days；
(5) collect seedling：
When the big ear larval metamorphosises of 25-35% are doliolaria, deliver collector to doliolaria attachment and finish, during which change daily
Water 40-60%；
(6) young ginseng is cultivated：
Doliolaria settlement and metamorphosis is 10 days after young ginseng in, except feeding spirulina, marine yeast, aquatic products yeast and bacillus
Outside, start to feed young ginseng mixed feed, sargassum thunbergii powder and ooze；Each daily ration, feeding quantity is spirulina powder 0.04-0.06mg/L, sea
Foreign yeast 0.04-0.06mg/L, aquatic products yeast 0.03-0.05mg/L, bacillus 0.02-0.04mg/L, young ginseng mixed feed
0.6-1.2mg/L, sargassum thunbergii powder 0.9-1.8mg/L, ooze 1.5-3.0mg/L, at dusk morning and respectively throwing 1 time；
Young Shenfu the rear 11st to the 30th day, stops throwing spirulina, marine yeast and aquatic products yeast, each daily ration, feeding quantity is bacillus
0.3-1.0mg/L, young ginseng mixed feed 1.5-2.5mg/L, sargassum thunbergii powder 2.5-4.0mg/L, ooze 4.0-7.0mg/L, morning
Thrown 1 time with each at dusk；Cultivated under the conditions of miniflow water and continuous charge, day streamflow be 0.5-1 times of seedling water, dissolved oxygen 5mg/
More than L；The regular removing of falling pond bottom of pond residual bait and excrement；As young ginseng growth 0.9-1.1cm long up to body, young ginseng is peeled off in bottom of pond
Continue to cultivate；When young ginseng grows to more than 2cm, cultivate or cultivate for pond net box.
2. mating system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1), sargassum thunbergii in the nursing bait of parent participation
Powder, stichopus japonicus parent participation mixed feed and ooze three proportioning are 4.5: 4.5: 1.
3. mating system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that during the young ginseng of step (6) is cultivated, each daily ration, feeding quantity is spiral shell
Spirulina powder 0.05mg/L, marine yeast 0.05mg/L, aquatic products yeast 0.04mg/L, bacillus 0.03mg/L, young ginseng, which coordinates, raises
Expect 0.6-1.2mg/L, sargassum thunbergii powder 0.9-1.8mg/L, ooze 1.5-3.0mg/L.
4. mating system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1), periodically removes bottom of pond residual bait, rinses
Bottom of pond and change the frequency of water and be：Bottom of pond residual bait is removed per siphon in 1-3 days 1 time, every 6-8 days Drain rinse bottom of pond 1 time, per 10-20
Its pond 1 time.
5. mating system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (6), the regular removing of falling pond bottom of pond residual bait and
The frequency of excrement is：The 7-10 days removing of falling pond residual baits and excrement 1 time.
6. mating system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (5), collector uses plastic corrugated sheet.
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