CN112655611B - Method for reversely hanging, dispersedly domesticating and hastening parents of Apostichopus japonicus selenka, hastening parturition and efficiently cultivating seedlings - Google Patents
Method for reversely hanging, dispersedly domesticating and hastening parents of Apostichopus japonicus selenka, hastening parturition and efficiently cultivating seedlings Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112655611B CN112655611B CN202011506256.1A CN202011506256A CN112655611B CN 112655611 B CN112655611 B CN 112655611B CN 202011506256 A CN202011506256 A CN 202011506256A CN 112655611 B CN112655611 B CN 112655611B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- tropical
- parents
- water
- cement
- bait
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Landscapes
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reversely hanging, dispersedly domesticating and hastening a parent of a tropical apostichopus japonicus, hastening parturition and efficiently cultivating seedlings. The method utilizes the life habits of the tropical apostichopus japonicus, so that the tropical apostichopus japonicus is hung upside down and dispersed in the cement pool for domestication, the skin ulceration on the back of the parents caused by mutual climbing due to the light-shading requirement is prevented, and the utilization rate of the tropical apostichopus japonicus parents is improved. The method for cultivating the tropical sea cucumbers comprises the steps of improving the metamorphosis and attachment efficiency of larvae by reasonable cultivation density, utilizing an air pump to automatically and fully stir floating water bodies, adopting various methods, and reasonably feeding live-algae-free baits to stabilize the water bodies.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method for reversely hanging and dispersedly domesticating a parental generation of a tropical apostichopus japonicus, hastening parturition and efficiently culturing seedlings.
Background art:
sea cucumber (Holothuroidea) is one of eight rare products in the world, has important food therapy value, and is the most important consumer market in China. With the economic development of China, the demand of tropical sea cucumbers is rapidly increased, however, the growth speed of the sea cucumbers is low, the sexual maturity time is long, the supplement period of new individuals of sea cucumber populations is long, the sea cucumber population resources are damaged due to over-fishing, and estimated that about 10 ten thousand tons of wild fresh and alive sea cucumbers are fished every year in the global range. The tropical sea cucumber resources are exhausted after disordered fishing in south China sea waters for many years. Aiming at the current situations that the demand of the tropical sea cucumber consumption market in China is continuously vigorous and the tropical sea cucumber resources are gradually exhausted in the world, the method develops the large-scale breeding technical customs of the tropical sea cucumbers, realizes the large-scale breeding of the tropical sea cucumbers, can effectively relieve the dilemma faced by the tropical sea cucumber resources, and is the only way for sustainable development and utilization of the tropical sea cucumber resources.
The development process of the tropical Stichopus japonicus (laundry and modern growth of the sea cucumber Stichopus sp. (Curry fish), Aquaculture, 2010, 300: 73-79; reeling, Larval development and modern growth of the sea cucumber Stichopus horrensis, Aquaculture, 2013, 404-405: 47-54) is reported according to the existing data; the applicant breaks through the cultivation technology of the tropical holothurian in the earlier stage (the application patent: a method for artificially cultivating the reef holothurian seedlings in a small water body, the application number: 201710967254.4), and obtains a small amount of juvenile seedlings of the tropical holothurian; the disclosed tropical sea cucumber breeding technology has the seedling rate of the early ear larva breeding of stichopus japonicus being only 1.5-2.5% (CN 109699537A, an artificial seedling breeding method of stichopus japonicus).
In the further practical process, the large-scale cultivation of the prior tropical apostichopus japonicus resource is found to have more technical problems, such as: 1. the tropical apostichopus japonicus parent is easy to rot skin and die or has poor activity in the domestication process, and the utilization rate of the parent is low; 2. the spawning induction technology and efficiency of the tropical apostichopus japonicus parents are still unstable; 3. the overall cultivation efficiency of the juvenile seedlings of the tropical stichopus japonicus is still low; 4. in the cultivation period of planktonic life, the manpower consumption is large by adopting a mode of manually and regularly stirring water (ZL201010604454.1 a sea cucumber seedling culture method; 201210083064.3 a novel stichopus japonicus seedling breeding method), partial seedlings are still settled and die due to uneven manual stirring, and the cultivation success rate of the seedlings is influenced; 5. the mortality rate in the planktonic and settlement allergy stages is high, and referring to the previous study data of the applicant, the mortality rate from the late stage of big ear development to the young goblet stage reaches 54.2%, the mortality rate from the young goblet stage to the young goblet stage reaches 45.52%, and the survival rate (settlement rate) for completing the settlement of the metamorphosis from the late stage of the planktonic big ear is only 22.56% (Spawning, large settlement and great settlement growth of the tropical sea cucumber. The problems can not be solved according to the published data or technology, and the development of the tropical apostichopus japonicus breeding industry and the development and utilization of resources are restricted.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a method for reversely hanging, dispersedly domesticating and domesticating a tropical apostichopus japonicus parent, hastening parturition and efficiently culturing a seedling, solves the problems of low utilization rate of the apostichopus japonicus parent and low young seedling culturing efficiency, and can provide a technical basis for promoting the development of the tropical apostichopus japonicus breeding industry and the utilization of tropical apostichopus japonicus resources.
The invention relates to a method for reversely hanging, dispersedly domesticating and hastening a parent of a tropical apostichopus japonicus, hastening parturition and efficiently culturing seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
A. the collecting and transporting method of the tropical stichopus japonicus comprises the following steps: collecting the tropical apostichopus japonicus parents, removing silt, and transporting to a breeding base;
B. the method for hanging upside down and scattering domestication comprises the following steps: arranging a plurality of shading cement boards at certain intervals in an indoor cement pond, wherein the shading cement boards lean against the wall of the cement pond in an inclined manner, and the depth of the cultured seawater is slightly higher than the top of the cement boards; after the parents are transported, the parents with stressed rotten skins are removed, baits are not fed for the first two days, and then the baits are fed according to the amount of the baits which is 1-5% of the fresh weight of the parents; changing water for a plurality of times in the whole cement pond every day and washing the bottom of the cement pond to ensure that the bottom of the cement pond is clean;
C. the induced spawning method of the tropical stichopus japonicus comprises the following steps: placing the cement board at the bottom of the cement pool in a turnover way, placing the parents at the bottom of the pool in a positive direction, drying in the shade, washing out residual bait and excrement at the bottom of the pool in advance in the drainage process, and then hastening parturition by adopting a shade-drying induced spawning method to fertilize sperms and ova to obtain fertilized ova;
D. adjusting the density of fertilized eggs in the cultivation water body: collecting fertilized eggs under the condition of not separating from seawater, putting the fertilized eggs into a cultivation water body of clean seawater, and adjusting the density of the fertilized eggs in the cultivation water body to 0.04-0.12 eggs/mL;
E. the efficient cultivation method in the planktonic life stage comprises the following steps: setting the density of air chambers in a cultivation water body to be 0.4-1.2 square meters per square meter, adjusting the inflation strength of the air chambers to the moving speed of air bubbles on the water surface to be 10-25 cm/s, feeding baits, rubbing the baits by using a 300-500-mesh bolting silk, and feeding;
F. the efficient cultivation method in the attachment metamorphosis stage comprises the following steps: when 10% -25% of young bodies are in the late stage of big ear, setting the density of air chambers in the water body to be 0.8-2.5 square meters per bottle, and adjusting the inflation strength of the air chambers to the moving speed of air bubbles on the water surface to be 3-12 cm/s; arranging 1-8 corrugated frames per square meter, wherein the plate surface is upwards and transversely arranged at the bottom of the water body; feeding bait and sea mud, wherein the bait is rubbed and broken by a 300-500-mesh bolting silk screen and then fed, the sea mud is dissolved in seawater and then rubbed and broken by a 300-500-mesh bolting silk screen and then fed, and the bait and the sea mud are fed in a crossed manner;
G. the large-scale cultivation method of the young seedlings comprises the following steps: when the motion capability of young sea cucumbers of the five tentacles is remarkably enhanced, the young sea cucumbers are cultured in a flowing water body, the daily water change rate is 50-200% per day, the bait and the sea mud are fed, the bait is rubbed and crushed by a 300-500-mesh bolting silk and then fed, the sea mud is dissolved in the sea water and then fed after being rubbed and crushed by a 300-500-mesh bolting silk, the bait and the sea mud are fed in a cross mode, the bottom of the sea cucumber is siphoned until the sea cucumber grows to be more than 1cm, and the tropical sea cucumber seedlings are obtained.
Preferably, the step A is to collect wild tropical apostichopus japonicus parents, temporarily culture the wild tropical apostichopus japonicus parents in clean seawater for 2 days, remove silt and transport the wild tropical apostichopus japonicus parents to a breeding base by using running water and pure oxygen.
Preferably, the step B of changing the water of the whole pool and washing the bottom of the cement pool for a plurality of times every day is to change the water of the whole pool and wash the bottom of the cement pool for 1 to 3 times every day.
Preferably, the collecting of the fertilized egg in the step D is collecting the fertilized egg by using a 250-mesh net.
Preferably, the bait in the step E, F, G is formed by mixing chlorella powder, yeast powder, spirulina powder and sargassum thunbergii powder, wherein the chlorella powder accounts for 50-80% of the mass ratio, the rest of the species are equally divided, and the feeding amount of the bait is 0.1-1 g per cubic meter of water; and E, dissolving the bait in the seawater, rubbing and crushing the bait with a 300-500-mesh bolting silk screen, and feeding the bait for 2-4 times every day.
Preferably, in the step F and the step G, the bait and the sea mud are fed, the feeding amount of the sea mud is 0.5-20 times of that of the bait, the bait and the sea mud are fed in a cross mode, and the feeding frequency is 4-6 times.
Preferably, the siphon bottom in step G is siphoned once every 2-4 days.
Preferably, the seawater is obtained by filtering sand-filtered seawater with a 500-mesh filter bag, disinfecting with strong chlorine, fully aerating for 2 days, and removing residual chlorine with sodium thiosulfate. The concentration settings of the strong chlorine and the sodium thiosulfate are carried out according to a conventional method.
Preferably, the ripple frame of step F contains 5~20 buckled plates, and the size and the specification of buckled plate and ripple frame are gone on according to conventional size.
Preferably, the siphon bottom needs to be wrapped by a 100-mesh bolting silk and put into a water bucket together when siphoning, a small amount of sucked attached seedlings can be attached to the 100-mesh bolting silk, the attached seedlings can be prevented from being discharged by mistake, sewage sucked out by the siphon flows into the water bucket firstly, the small amount of sucked attached seedlings is ensured not to be separated from seawater all the time, and the small amount of sucked attached seedlings can be put back into the water body for continuous cultivation after the bolting silk is slightly brushed.
The method utilizes the life habits of the tropical apostichopus japonicus, so that the tropical apostichopus japonicus is hung upside down and dispersed in the cement pool for domestication, the skin ulceration on the back of the parents caused by mutual climbing due to the light-shading requirement is prevented, and the utilization rate of the tropical apostichopus japonicus parents is improved. The method for cultivating the tropical sea cucumbers comprises the steps of improving the metamorphosis and attachment efficiency of larvae by reasonable cultivation density, utilizing an air pump to automatically and fully stir floating water bodies, adopting various methods, and reasonably feeding live-algae-free baits to stabilize the water bodies.
The beneficial effects obtained by the invention are as follows: the domestication and the high-efficiency induced spawning of the wild tropical stichopus japonicus in the cement pond are realized; the air pump is used for automatically and fully stirring the floating water body, so that the labor consumption is greatly reduced, the survival rate of floating larvae is improved in a simpler, more convenient and efficient mode, 1) the inflation density and the strength are reduced, 2) the water body attachment area is increased, 3) the water flow impact inside the water body is weakened, 4) the technical characteristics of increasing the feeding of sea mud to enable the floating larvae to be more easily settled and the like are comprehensively adopted, the metamorphosis attachment cultivation process of the stichopus japonicus is optimized, the death rate of the adhering and metamorphosis stage of the tropical sea cucumbers is remarkably reduced, in addition, on the premise of ensuring higher cultivation efficiency, the water body does not need to be replaced in the early stage, the controllability is remarkably improved, the cultivation efficiency of the stichopus japonicus in the tropical sea cucumbers is remarkably improved, and a solid technical basis is provided for realizing the large-scale cultivation of new species of the tropical sea cucumbers and sustainable development and utilization of resources.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.
Example 1:
a method for reversely hanging, dispersing and domesticating a parent of apostichopus japonicus selenka, hastening parturition and efficiently culturing seedlings comprises the following steps:
A. the collection and transportation method of the tropical apostichopus japonicus comprises the following steps: collecting wild tropical apostichopus japonicus parents, wherein the sea cucumbers can eat a large amount of food, the intestinal tracts of the wild apostichopus japonicus contain a large amount of silt, the wild apostichopus japonicus is not transport-resistant, the wild apostichopus japonicus parents need to be temporarily cultured in clean seawater for 2 days, and the wild apostichopus japonicus parents are transported to a breeding base after the silt is removed.
B. The method for hanging upside down and scattering domestication comprises the following steps: in an indoor cement pond, in order to manufacture a light-shading environment, stichopus japonicus is induced to enter a cement board to hide, and skin rot caused by mutual climbing of stichopus japonicus piles is avoided, the cement board leans against the wall of the cement pond, the cement boards in the cement pond are placed in a mode that every 2-5 cement boards are continuously arranged and then are continuously arranged at intervals of 1-3 cement boards, the width of each cement board is (the specification is 30cm wide multiplied by 30cm long), and the depth of cultivated seawater is slightly higher than the top of each cement board; after the parents are transported, the parents with stressed rotten skins need to be removed, baits are not fed for the first two days, and then the baits are fed according to the amount of the baits which is 1-5% of the fresh weight of the parents; the whole pool is changed water 1-3 times every day and the bottom of the cement pool is washed, so that the bottom of the cement pool is clean. The stichopus japonicus parents domesticated in the cement pond are usually hung upside down on the inner side of the vertex angle of the cement plate and the cement pond wall in the daytime, and because the light-resistant environment is limited every 2-5 blocks, the parents tend to be scattered and hidden, so that the skin ulceration on the back of the parents caused by mutual climbing due to the light-resistant requirement of the parents is avoided, and the stichopus japonicus parents enter the pond bottom to be ingested at night in the light-resistant environment.
C. The induced spawning method of the tropical stichopus japonicus comprises the following steps: by adopting a conventional shade-drying induced spawning method, in general, male ginseng has sufficient sperms, the concentration of the sperms is far higher than that of the ova, and by taking a 100L-volume sperms and spawning barrel as an example, the sperms and the ova are subjected to wet artificial insemination according to the volume ratio of 1:100, so that polyspermia fertilization can be effectively avoided. The difference lies in, keep flat cement board upset in the cement bottom of the pool in advance for the parent forward places the bottom of the pool and dries in the shade again, need wash the incomplete bait excrement and urine of bottom of the pool clean in advance at the in-process of drainage, avoids stichopus japonicus back contact bottom of the pool, causes the rotten skin, influences the efficiency of hastening parturition.
D. Adjusting the density of fertilized eggs in the cultivation water body: collecting fertilized eggs by using a 250-mesh net under the condition of not separating from seawater, putting the fertilized eggs into clean seawater (culture water body), adjusting the density of the fertilized eggs in the culture water body to 0.06 fertilized eggs/mL, and counting 360 ten thousand fertilized eggs in 2 water bodies with 30 tons.
E. The efficient cultivation method in the planktonic life stage comprises the following steps: in the water body of the indoor cement pond, the cultivation water body is automatically and fully stirred by setting reasonable air chamber density and adjusting the inflation strength of the air chambers, the water body does not need to be stirred manually and regularly, the density of the air chambers is set to be 0.5 square meter/water body, and the inflation strength of the air chambers is adjusted to the movement speed of bubbles on the water surface to be 20 cm/s; the feeding method at this stage comprises the following steps: dissolving the mixture of the chlorella powder, the yeast powder, the spirulina powder and the sargassum thunbergii powder in a small amount of clean seawater, filtering the mixture by using 400-mesh bolting silk, feeding the mixture for 3 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 0.5g of bait per cubic meter of cultivation water, and mixing the chlorella powder, the yeast powder, the spirulina powder and the sargassum thunbergii powder according to the mass proportion, wherein the chlorella powder accounts for 60 percent, and the rest of the species are equally divided. Realizing the high-efficiency cultivation in the floating stage; when the larval later stage larval stage of shrinkage begins to appear in the planktonic larval, counting the number of the larval stage, estimating the whole number according to a density method, randomly sampling for 5 times, finding that the average densities of 2 30 tons of water are respectively 0.042 and 0.038/mL, the number of the larval later stage larval is 240 ten thousand in total, and the survival rate (the number of the later stage of the large ear/the number of fertilized eggs multiplied by 100%) of the planktonic stage is about 66.7%; and when 15% of the young bodies going on goblet are found in the young bodies in the later period of the big ear, adjusting the cultivation method and entering the next stage of cultivation process. The water does not need to be changed at this stage, and the method is simple, convenient and efficient.
F. The efficient cultivation method in the attachment metamorphosis stage comprises the following steps: when 15% of goblet-row larvae exist in the larvae in the late big ear period, in order to ensure that the larvae with initial metamorphosis and weak adhesive force are not influenced by water stirring and can be efficiently attached to finish the metamorphosis process, the density and the inflation strength of air chambers in the water body are required to be reduced, the density of the air chambers is set to be 1.5 square meters/per water body, and the inflation strength of the air chambers is adjusted to the movement speed of bubbles on the water surface to be 7 cm/s; meanwhile, in order to increase the attachment area, block the impact of internal water flow in the water body and protect young seedlings with weak adhesion, 3 corrugated frames (the corrugated frames comprise 15 corrugated plates, the specification of the corrugated plates is 31cm multiplied by 39cm) per square meter are arranged at the bottom of the water body in an upward and transverse manner; in order to promote the attachment of the planktonic larvae, the feeding of sea mud is added in addition to the feeding of the bait in the stage. The bait feeding method comprises the following steps: dissolving a mixture of chlorella powder, yeast powder, spirulina powder and sargassum thunbergii powder in a small amount of clean seawater, filtering the mixture by 400-mesh bolting silk, and then feeding the mixture, wherein the feeding amount is 0.5g of bait per cubic meter of cultivation water, mixing the chlorella powder, the yeast powder, the spirulina powder and the sargassum thunbergii powder according to the mass proportion, the chlorella powder accounts for 60%, the rest varieties are equally divided, the feeding method of the sea mud is that the feeding amount is 10 times of the bait, dissolving the sea mud in a small amount of clean seawater, and then feeding the mixture after filtering the sea mud by 400-mesh bolting silk. The sea mud feeding and the bait feeding are carried out cross feeding, the total feeding times are 5 times every day, and the high-efficiency cultivation in the stage is realized after the fact that five tentacles of young seedlings are complete and the motion capability is obviously enhanced on a corrugated plate is observed by a microscope, and the cultivation process in the next stage is started. The water does not need to be changed at this stage, and the method is simple, convenient and efficient. According to statistics, 1.4 larvae are attached to each 10 square centimeters in average, the area of the corrugated plate is (31 multiplied by 39) square centimeters/piece multiplied by 15 pieces/frame multiplied by 30 square meters/pool multiplied by 3 frames/square meters multiplied by 2 pools which is 326.43 ten thousand square centimeters in total: 45.7 ten thousand of five tentacles larvae, the success rate of attachment (number of five tentacles/number of larvae in late stage of big ear x 100%) was about 19.04%.
G. The large-scale cultivation method of the young seedlings comprises the following steps: and F, when the motion capability of the juvenile sea cucumbers of the tentacles is obviously enhanced, starting to culture the juvenile sea cucumbers in a flowing water body, wherein the daily water changing rate is 100 percent per day, feeding baits and sea mud according to the mode of the step F, and siphoning the bottom once every 3 days until the sea cucumbers grow to be more than 1 cm. When siphoning bottom, 100-mesh bolting silk is needed to wrap the water outlet of the siphon and put into a bucket together, a small amount of sucked attached seedlings can be attached to the 100-mesh bolting silk, the attached seedlings can be prevented from being discharged by mistake, siphoning sewage flows into the bucket first, the small amount of sucked attached seedlings is ensured not to be separated from seawater all the time, and the small amount of sucked attached seedlings can be put back into the water body for continuous cultivation after the bolting silk is slightly brushed.
Comparative example 1:
the comparative example is basically the same as the example 1, except that in the step B, the method is not carried out according to an inverted hanging and dispersion domestication method, hidden objects are placed in a cement pond, the stichopus japonicus parents gather at the corners of one hidden object and are mutually climbed into a group, the stichopus japonicus parents start to have rotten skin after being cultured for 15 days, white mold appears on the skin surface, a few stichopus japonicus parents at the beginning are expanded to the whole group, and 103 stichopus japonicus parents all lose skin and die after being cultured for 20 days.
Comparative example 2:
the comparative example is basically the same as the example 1, except that in the step C, the method for inducing the spawning of the stichopus japonicus is not carried out according to the method for inducing the spawning of the stichopus japonicus, after hunger treatment for 2 days, water is directly drained during the induced spawning, a cement plate is not overturned and flatly placed at the bottom of a cement pool, so that the backs of most parents contact the bottom of the pool, after drying in the shade for 2 hours, the backs of the most parents are rotten, and the parents begin to peel off in the process of adding seawater, so that the induced spawning fails.
Comparative example 3:
the comparative example is substantially the same as example 1, except that in step D, fertilized eggs are placed in clean seawater, the density of the fertilized eggs in the culture water body is adjusted to 0.15 fertilized eggs/mL, that is, 15 fertilized eggs are contained in 100mL of water body, and about 150 ten thousand normal fertilized eggs of holothuria leucospilota are obtained in 1 water body with the area of 10 square meters and the water depth of 1 m. The number of the big ear larva stage is counted, the whole number is estimated according to a density method, random sampling is carried out for 5 times, the average density in the water body is 0.006 per mL, the number of the big ear later stage larva is 6.3 thousands, and the survival rate (the number of the big ear later stage/the number of fertilized eggs multiplied by 100%) of the planktonic stage is about 4.1%. The comparative results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 4:
this comparative example is essentially the same as example 1, except that: 1. the density of the fertilized eggs in the culture water body is adjusted to 0.08/mL, and about 168 thousands of normal fertilized eggs of the holothuria leucospilota are obtained in 1 water body with the area of 21 square meters and the water depth of 1 m. The difference lies in that: 2. in the step E, referring to ZL201010604454.1 a sea cucumber seedling raising method and 201210083064.3 a novel stichopus japonicus seedling breeding method, the floating larvae are stirred by adopting a manual stirring method, the stirring is carried out for 1 time per hour instead of the stirring of bubbles, and the total amount of big ear larvae is as follows: 64.8 thousands, the survival rate in the planktonic stage (number of late big ears/fertilized egg number × 100%) was about 38.57%, which was significantly less than the effect of example 1. The comparative results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 5:
this comparative example is essentially the same as example 1, except that: 1. the density of the fertilized eggs in the culture water body is adjusted to 0.08/mL, and about 192 thousands of normal fertilized eggs of holothuria leucospilota are obtained in 1 water body with the area of 24 square meters and the water depth of 1 m. The difference lies in that: 2. in the step F, the density of the air chamber and the inflation strength are not reduced, and are the same as those in the step E, and the other steps are performed with reference to example 1, and 126.3 thousands of larvae in the late stage of the big ear are obtained in total, the survival rate (number of the late stage of the big ear/number of fertilized eggs × 100%) in the planktonic stage is about 65.8%, 4.3 thousands of larvae in the five tentacles, and the attachment success rate (number of the five tentacles/number of the larvae in the late stage of the big ear × 100%) is about 3.4%. The comparative results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 6:
this comparative example is essentially the same as example 1, except that: 1. the density of the fertilized eggs in the culture water body is adjusted to 0.08/mL, and about 120 ten thousand normal fertilized eggs of the holothuria leucospilota are obtained in 1 water body with the area of 15 square meters and the water depth of 1 m. The difference lies in that: 2. the bait was rubbed with 200 mesh bolting silk, and the other steps were performed with reference to example 1, and in total, 57.5 million larvae at the late stage of the big ear were obtained, the survival rate at the floating stage (number of late stage of the big ear/number of fertilized eggs × 100%) was about 47.9%, 3.2 million larvae of five tentacles were obtained, and the attachment success rate (number of five tentacles/number of larvae at late stage of the big ear × 100%) was about 5.6%. The comparative results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 comparison of the effects of different examples
The technical scheme of the comparative example 1 and the technical scheme of the example 1 are analyzed in a distinguishing way: comparative example 1 was attached to each other to form a mass, and rotten skin appeared on the back of the stichopus japonicus parents after 15 days of cultivation, indicating that the stichopus japonicus parents were required to be scattered in a pond for domestication.
The technical scheme of the comparative example 2 and the technical scheme of the example 1 are analyzed in a distinguishing way: comparative example 2 is not performed according to the method for hastening parturition of the tropical stichopus japonicus, water is directly drained during the hastening parturition, so that the backs of most parents contact the bottom of the pool, the backs of the most parents are rotten after the majority parents are dried in the shade for 2 hours, and the parents begin to peel off in the process of adding seawater, so that the hastening parturition fails. The residual bait and excrement at the bottom of the pool need to be washed clean in advance, so that the back of the stichopus japonicus is prevented from contacting the bottom of the pool, and the parent skin rot is avoided, and the spawning induction efficiency is influenced.
The technical scheme of the comparative example 3 and the technical scheme of the example 1 are analyzed in a distinguishing way: comparative example 3 planktonic larvae density is too high, and in the implementation process, it is found that planktonic larvae development speed is obviously slower, and the quantity sharply decreases after the planktonic larvae develop to middle ear larvae, which indicates that setting reasonable planktonic larvae density is important for success or failure of the technical scheme of the present application.
The technical scheme of the comparative example 4 and the technical scheme of the example 1 are analyzed in a distinguishing way: comparative example 4, the planktonic larvae are cultivated by adopting an artificial turning method, the fact that the labor consumption is large in the implementation process is found, and the survival rate of the planktonic larvae is obviously lower than that of the planktonic larvae in example 1 of the application shows that the technical scheme of the application makes obvious progress.
The technical scheme of the comparative example 5 and the technical scheme of the example 1 are analyzed in a distinguishing way: comparative example 5 in step F, without reducing the density of the air cells and without reducing the aeration intensity, it was found that the planktonic larvae were unable to attach at this stage, were always in a planktonic state, and after 5 days of duration, dead embryos began to appear in the planktonic larvae, and the final attachment rate was very low, indicating that the sea cucumber in the metamorphosis stage no longer required vigorous agitation by water, at which time reducing the density and aeration intensity of the air cells could significantly contribute to metamorphosis of the larvae.
The technical scheme of the comparative example 6 and the embodiment 1 is analyzed in a distinguishing way: comparative example 6 the bait fed was grated through a 200 mesh bolting silk, and the comparison found: the size of the bait has certain influence on the survival rate in the floating period, the phenomenon of inconsistent development speed occurs in the process of culturing the size of the bait, the size of the bait has obvious influence on the attachment rate, and most of the larvae are failed to be fed in the initial stage due to the fact that the larvae need to be fed in the initial stage again after being attached, and the particle size is too large.
Claims (9)
1. A method for the inverted hanging, dispersed domestication, induced spawning and seedling cultivation of a tropical apostichopus japonicus parent is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. the collection and transportation method of the tropical apostichopus japonicus comprises the following steps: collecting the tropical apostichopus japonicus parents, removing silt, and transporting to a breeding base;
B. the method for hanging upside down and scattering domestication comprises the following steps: arranging a plurality of shading cement boards at certain intervals in an indoor cement pond, wherein the shading cement boards lean against the wall of the cement pond in an inclined manner, and the depth of the cultured seawater is slightly higher than the top of the cement boards; after the parents are transported, the parents with stressed rotten skins are removed, baits are not fed for the first two days, and then the baits are fed according to the amount of the baits which is 1-5% of the fresh weight of the parents; changing water for a plurality of times in the whole cement pond every day and washing the bottom of the cement pond to ensure that the bottom of the cement pond is clean;
C. the method for inducing the spawning of the stichopus japonicus comprises the following steps: placing the cement plate at the bottom of a cement pool in a turnover manner, placing the parents at the bottom of the cement pool in a positive direction, drying in the shade, washing out residual bait and excrement at the bottom of the pool in advance in the drainage process, and then hastening parturition by adopting a shade-drying spawning-hastening method to fertilize sperms and ova to obtain fertilized ova;
D. adjusting the density of fertilized eggs in the cultivation water body: collecting fertilized eggs under the condition of not separating from seawater, putting the fertilized eggs into a cultivation water body of clean seawater, and adjusting the density of the fertilized eggs in the cultivation water body to 0.04-0.12 eggs/mL;
E. the efficient cultivation method in the planktonic life stage comprises the following steps: setting the density of air chambers in a cultivation water body to be 0.4-1.2 square meters per square meter, adjusting the inflation strength of the air chambers to the moving speed of air bubbles on the water surface to be 10-25 cm/s, feeding baits, rubbing the baits by using a 300-500-mesh bolting silk, and feeding;
F. the efficient cultivation method in the attachment metamorphosis stage comprises the following steps: when 10-25% of young bodies are in the late stage of big ear, arranging air chambers in the water body with the density of 0.8-2.5 square meters per unit, and adjusting the inflation strength of the air chambers until the moving speed of air bubbles on the water surface is 3-12 cm/s; arranging 1-8 corrugated frames per square meter, wherein the plate surface is upwards and transversely arranged at the bottom of the water body; feeding baits and sea mud, rubbing and crushing 300-500-mesh bolting silk of the baits, then feeding, dissolving the sea mud in seawater, rubbing and crushing the sea mud by 300-500-mesh bolting silk, then feeding, and alternately feeding the baits and the sea mud;
G. the large-scale cultivation method of the young seedlings comprises the following steps: when the motion capability of young sea cucumbers of the five tentacles is remarkably enhanced, the young sea cucumbers are cultured in a flowing water body, the daily water change rate is 50-200% per day, the bait and the sea mud are fed, the bait is rubbed and crushed by a 300-500-mesh bolting silk and then fed, the sea mud is dissolved in seawater, the sea mud is rubbed and crushed by a 300-500-mesh bolting silk and then fed, the bait and the sea mud are fed in a cross mode, the bottom of the sea cucumber is siphoned until the sea cucumber grows to be more than 1cm, and tropical sea cucumber seedlings are obtained;
the bait in the step E, F, G is formed by mixing chlorella powder, yeast powder, spirulina powder and sargassum thunbergii powder, wherein the chlorella powder accounts for 50-80% of the mass ratio, the rest of the species are equally divided, and the bait feeding amount is 0.1-1 g per cubic meter of water; and E, dissolving the bait in the seawater, rubbing and crushing by using 300-500-mesh bolting silk, and feeding for 2-4 times every day.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein step A is to collect the wild tropical apostichopus japonicus parents, temporarily culture the wild tropical apostichopus japonicus parents in clean seawater for 2 days, remove silt, and transport the wild tropical apostichopus japonicus parents to a breeding base by using pure oxygen in live water.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step B of changing the tank water several times per day and washing the bottom of the cement tank is changing the tank water 1-3 times per day and washing the bottom of the cement tank.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the collecting of the fertilized egg in the step D is collecting the fertilized egg by using a 250-mesh net.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the bait and the sea mud are fed in the steps F and G, the feeding amount of the sea mud is 0.5-20 times of that of the bait, the bait and the sea mud are fed in a cross mode, and the feeding times are 4-6.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the siphon bottom in step G is a siphon bottom every 2-4 days.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seawater is sand-filtered seawater, filtered by 500-mesh filter bag, sterilized by strong chlorine, aerated for 2 days, and then treated with sodium thiosulfate to remove residual chlorine, and the concentration settings of strong chlorine and sodium thiosulfate are performed according to conventional method.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the corrugated frame of step F comprises 5 to 20 corrugated sheets, and the corrugated sheets and the corrugated frame are sized and dimensioned according to conventional dimensions.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the siphon bottom is placed in a water tank with a 100 mesh bolting silk covering the water outlet of the siphon during siphoning, a small amount of sucked seedlings will adhere to the 100 mesh bolting silk, the siphoned sewage flows into the water tank first to ensure that the small amount of sucked seedlings will not be separated from the seawater all the time, and the small amount of sucked seedlings is placed back into the water body for further cultivation after the bolting silk is brushed slightly.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011506256.1A CN112655611B (en) | 2020-12-18 | 2020-12-18 | Method for reversely hanging, dispersedly domesticating and hastening parents of Apostichopus japonicus selenka, hastening parturition and efficiently cultivating seedlings |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011506256.1A CN112655611B (en) | 2020-12-18 | 2020-12-18 | Method for reversely hanging, dispersedly domesticating and hastening parents of Apostichopus japonicus selenka, hastening parturition and efficiently cultivating seedlings |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112655611A CN112655611A (en) | 2021-04-16 |
| CN112655611B true CN112655611B (en) | 2022-08-05 |
Family
ID=75406807
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011506256.1A Active CN112655611B (en) | 2020-12-18 | 2020-12-18 | Method for reversely hanging, dispersedly domesticating and hastening parents of Apostichopus japonicus selenka, hastening parturition and efficiently cultivating seedlings |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112655611B (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104719206A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-06-24 | 海南定利养殖种苗有限公司 | Holothuria scabra artificial seeding breeding method |
| CN104938394A (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2015-09-30 | 辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院 | Indoor cultivation method for periodical stichopus japonicus in winter |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101999329B (en) * | 2010-09-25 | 2012-07-04 | 中国海洋大学 | Method capable of improving adhesion rate of sea cucumber seedlings and survival rate of young sea cucumbers |
| CN102283156B (en) * | 2011-07-16 | 2012-11-14 | 山东安源水产股份有限公司 | Method for breeding Stichopus japonicus seedlings |
| KR20180047632A (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2018-05-10 | 이재두 | Method for management of parents sea cucumbers in land farm for sea cucumber artificial seed production |
| CN207678660U (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-08-03 | 大连鑫玉龙海洋生物种业科技股份有限公司 | Sea cucumber rock is temporarily supported in a kind of stichopus japonicus room |
| CN107667931A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-02-09 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | A kind of small size pond artificial culture reef is dwelt the method for hojothuria leucospilota seedling |
| CN109699537B (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2021-11-26 | 海南大学 | Breeding method of stichopus japonicus artificial seedlings |
-
2020
- 2020-12-18 CN CN202011506256.1A patent/CN112655611B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104719206A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-06-24 | 海南定利养殖种苗有限公司 | Holothuria scabra artificial seeding breeding method |
| CN104938394A (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2015-09-30 | 辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院 | Indoor cultivation method for periodical stichopus japonicus in winter |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 无公害刺参养殖技术;宋吉德;《齐鲁渔业》;20030915(第09期);全文 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112655611A (en) | 2021-04-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN109090004B (en) | Block type bionic pond propagation seedling raising equipment and method | |
| US3473509A (en) | Method for the artificial culture of shrimp | |
| Otoshi et al. | Growth and reproductive performance of broodstock shrimp reared in a biosecure recirculating aquaculture system versus a flow-through pond | |
| CN105494193B (en) | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of two-wire purple clam | |
| CN104054611B (en) | A kind of long Qi Wen Minnow seed cultural method | |
| CN103404462B (en) | Method for cultivating fries of coilia ectenes in soil pond | |
| CN107581106B (en) | A kind of artificial fecundation method of platax orbicularis | |
| CN114600806B (en) | Ripening promoting method for cultivating Xishi lingual parent shellfish by using pond algae | |
| CN112939229A (en) | Method for separating and treating water and sewage of aquaculture tail water | |
| CN106818548A (en) | A kind of method that largemouth bass fingerling net cage tames and dociles food | |
| CN112655610B (en) | Efficient cultivation method for tropical sea cucumber seedlings | |
| CN112655637B (en) | Method for improving tropical sea cucumber culture pond and utilization rate of parent sea cucumber through multiple induced spawning and multiple attachment | |
| CN109892261B (en) | Artificial breeding method of Babuyan jellyfishes | |
| KR101549211B1 (en) | Indoor culture system using upwelling flow for shellfish spat | |
| CN102696525A (en) | Pool for tilapia and freshwater shrimp three-dimensional aquaculture and method thereof | |
| CN112655611B (en) | Method for reversely hanging, dispersedly domesticating and hastening parents of Apostichopus japonicus selenka, hastening parturition and efficiently cultivating seedlings | |
| CN202680227U (en) | Loach germ cell incubating device | |
| CN107509673A (en) | A kind of resource utilization method of intensive Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low breeding wastewater | |
| CN211746277U (en) | Breeding device for Daci loach fry | |
| CN110178760B (en) | Method for breeding high-gynogenetic fry of parent fish of cynoglossus semilaevis in nutrition regulation and control manner | |
| CN113455431A (en) | Grass-free efficient clean three-dimensional shrimp breeding method | |
| CN107535400B (en) | Method for continuously culturing Moina freshwater by using shrimp culture wastewater in summer | |
| CN112690234A (en) | Artificial breeding method of young solenopsis amabilis based on host fish | |
| CN106922597B (en) | High-yield swimming crab breeding method based on concealed object facility | |
| TWI278281B (en) | Method and system for reproduction of coral reefs and coral reef organisms in large quantities |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |