CN112655609B - Method for industrially culturing tropical pink wart sea cucumber seedlings - Google Patents

Method for industrially culturing tropical pink wart sea cucumber seedlings Download PDF

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CN112655609B
CN112655609B CN202011502683.2A CN202011502683A CN112655609B CN 112655609 B CN112655609 B CN 112655609B CN 202011502683 A CN202011502683 A CN 202011502683A CN 112655609 B CN112655609 B CN 112655609B
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pink
eggs
sea cucumber
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CN112655609A (en
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黄文�
郑春田
赵红霞
胡俊茹
孙育平
陈冰
李活
刘锦上
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Guangdong Jinyang Biotechnology Co ltd
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Guangdong Jinyang Biotechnology Co ltd
Institute of Animal Science of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for industrially culturing tropical pink wart sea cucumber seedlings. Putting fertilized eggs of sea cucumbers with pink warts in clean seawater, adjusting the density of the fertilized eggs in a culture water body to 0.03-0.10 eggs/mL, setting the density of air chambers in the culture water body to 0.4-1.2 square meters/egg, adjusting the inflation strength of the air chambers to the moving speed of bubbles on the water surface of 10-25 cm/s in the first 3 days after fertilization, and not feeding baits; feeding baits 3 days after fertilization, rubbing the baits by using a 300-500-mesh bolting silk, feeding, and adjusting the inflation strength of the air chamber until the moving speed of air bubbles on the water surface is 3-12 cm/s; after fertilization for 10 days, water is changed frequently, and baits are fed until seedlings are cultivated. According to the method, the sufficient number of fertilized eggs are obtained by utilizing the breeding characteristics of the pink wart sea cucumber which are not influenced by the lunar phase law and adopting a multi-time and echelon spawning induction method, the defects that the pink wart sea cucumber is small in size and small in spawning amount are overcome, the utilization efficiency of parents can be improved and the fishing amount of the parents can be reduced by using the multi-time spawning induction method.

Description

Method for industrially culturing tropical pink wart sea cucumber seedlings
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method for industrially culturing tropical pink wart sea cucumber seedlings.
Background art:
sea cucumber (Holothuroidea) is a large group of echinoderms and mainly lives in benthic seas. The sea cucumber with Pink warts (Pink warts sea cucumber, Cercodemas anceps) is small in size and widely distributed in tropical/subtropical waters with coral reefs, and the rich sea cucumber saponin, sterol glycoside and other active ingredients provide an important basis for developing anti-tumor and human disease drugs, and meanwhile, the sea cucumber with Pink warts is bright in body color, alternate red and yellow, strong in stress resistance and high in seawater ornamental value, so that the development and utilization of biological resources of the sea cucumber are of great significance.
However, at present, how the sea cucumber with pink wart is bred and developed is still unclear, and the technical field of artificial large-scale breeding of the sea cucumber with pink wart is still blank, so that the development and utilization of biological resources of the sea cucumber with pink wart are limited.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a method for industrially culturing tropical pink wart sea cucumber seedlings, discloses the industrial culturing method for the first time, and provides a foundation for the development and utilization of biological resources of the sea cucumber.
The method for industrially culturing the tropical pink wart sea cucumber seedlings comprises the following steps:
putting fertilized eggs of sea cucumbers with pink warts in clean seawater, adjusting the density of the fertilized eggs in a culture water body to 0.03-0.10 eggs/mL, setting the density of air chambers in the culture water body to 0.4-1.2 square meters/egg, adjusting the inflation strength of the air chambers to the moving speed of bubbles on the water surface of 10-25 cm/s in the first 3 days after fertilization, and not feeding baits; feeding baits 3 days after fertilization, rubbing the baits by using a 300-500-mesh bolting silk, feeding, and adjusting the inflation strength of the air chamber until the moving speed of air bubbles on the water surface is 3-12 cm/s; after fertilization for 10 days, water is changed frequently, and baits are fed until seedlings are cultivated.
Preferably, the regular water change is performed every 2 days.
The bait for feeding comprises chlorella powder, sargassum thunbergii powder, kelp powder and yeast powder according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, and is fed for 1-4 times every day, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 0.2-1.0% of the body weight.
The fertilized egg is preferably prepared by the following method:
eggs are obtained by adopting a sea cucumber parent capable of inducing pink wart for multiple times and echelon, a shade-drying induced spawning method is adopted for induced spawning each time, breeding is resumed at an interval of more than 2 days for induced spawning for another induced spawning after 1 time of induced spawning, sperms are discharged in advance, the discharged eggs are distributed at the bottom of a water body in a pile, and are required to be stirred uniformly in time to be fully fertilized; then, fertilized eggs in the water body are immediately filtered out by using a filter screen, so that polyspermia and fertilization caused by overlong time are avoided, fresh and clean seawater is added into the original water body again, and the sea cucumbers are waited to continue to produce sperms and eggs to obtain the fertilized eggs;
preferably, the step of waiting for the sea cucumber to continuously produce sperm and lay eggs, wherein the step of obtaining fertilized eggs is to wait for the sea cucumber to continuously produce sperm and lay eggs, and the step of finishing induced spawning 10 hours after drying in the shade to obtain fertilized eggs;
preferably, the wild pink wart sea cucumber with the body length of more than 6cm can be collected as a sea cucumber parent in 5-11 months per year.
Preferably, after the wild pink wart sea cucumbers are collected, temporarily culturing the wild pink wart sea cucumbers in clean seawater for 1-2 days, removing silt, and then transporting the live water pure oxygen to a breeding base.
Preferably, baits are required to be fed during the sea cucumber restoration culture period, the baits consist of chlorella powder, sargassum thunbergii powder, kelp powder, yeast powder and sea mud according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1, the feeding amount is 0.2-1.0% of the weight, and the sea cucumbers are cultured in running water.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the industrialized seedling cultivation method of tropical pink wart sea cucumbers is disclosed for the first time, the breeding characteristics that the pink wart sea cucumbers are not influenced by the lunar phase rule are utilized, a method of hastening parturition for multiple times and echelons is adopted to obtain enough fertilized eggs, the defects that the pink wart sea cucumbers are small in size and small in egg laying amount are overcome, the utilization efficiency of parents can be improved by using the method of hastening parturition for multiple times, and the fishing amount of the parents is reduced. The technical scheme of the invention provides technical support for artificial breeding and resource development and utilization of tropical pink wart sea cucumbers.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.
In the embodiment, the seawater is obtained by filtering sand-filtered seawater by a filter bag of 500 meshes, disinfecting by strong chlorine, fully aerating for 2 days, and removing residual chlorine by sodium thiosulfate.
Example 1:
a method for industrially culturing tropical pink wart sea cucumber seedlings comprises the following steps:
A. the method for collecting and transporting the parent ginseng comprises the following steps: collecting wild pink wart sea cucumbers in 8 months every year, collecting 130 pink wart sea cucumber parents with the body length of 6-8 cm, temporarily culturing the pink wart sea cucumbers in clean seawater for 1 day, removing silt, and transporting live water and pure oxygen to a breeding base to serve as artificially bred sea cucumber parents;
B. the induced spawning and fertilization method comprises the following steps: the pink wart sea cucumber is small in size, and enough eggs can be obtained after multiple and echelon induced spawning. The method of inducing spawning is adopted each time, and the spawning is induced again after the culture is recovered at an interval of 2 days after the spawning is induced for 1 time. After drying in the shade and stimulation, generally discharging sperms in advance, wherein the discharged ova are distributed at the bottom of the water body in a pile and need to be stirred uniformly in time to ensure that the ova are fully fertilized; and then, immediately filtering fertilized eggs in the water body by using a filter screen to avoid polyspermia fertilization caused by overlong time, adding fresh and clean seawater into the original water body again to wait for the sea cucumbers to continuously produce sperms and eggs, and finishing induced spawning 10 hours after drying in the shade. Fertilized eggs obtained by multiple times of induction are immediately placed in clean seawater, and the density of the fertilized eggs in the culture water body is adjusted to 0.05 egg/mL. During the recovery culture period of the sea cucumber parents, baits are required to be fed, the baits are formed by mixing chlorella powder, sargassum thunbergii powder, kelp powder, yeast powder and sea mud according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1, the feeding amount is 0.5 percent of the weight, and the sea cucumber parents are cultured in running water. Dividing 130 parents into 2 groups, inducing spawning for 1 group every 1 day, restoring culture of the other group, continuously inducing spawning for 5 days, wherein the average spawning amount of the parents is 5.0 ten thousand fertilized eggs/piece, and the total amount of about 55 ten thousand fertilized eggs.
C. The industrialized culture method of the seedlings comprises the following steps: the density of the air chambers is set to be 1.0 square meter/piece in the cultivation water body, the air inflation strength of the air chambers is adjusted to 20cm/s of the moving speed of the bubbles on the water surface 3 days before fertilization, and as pink wart sea cucumber eggs are large, the fertilized eggs carry more nutrient substances, develop by self nutrition in the early stage and do not need to feed baits. And 3 days after fertilization, directly developing the pink wart sea cucumber to a five tentacle attachment stage, feeding the pink wart sea cucumber with bait, rubbing the bait through a 300-mesh bolting silk, feeding the pink wart sea cucumber, and reducing the inflation strength of the air chamber until the movement speed of bubbles on the water surface reaches 10cm/s after attachment. After fertilization for 10 days, changing water every 2 days, and feeding baits until 0.5cm seedlings are cultivated. The bait for feeding is prepared by mixing chlorella powder, sargassum thunbergii powder, kelp powder and yeast powder according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, and is fed for 2 times every day.
Example 2:
a method for industrially culturing tropical pink wart sea cucumber seedlings comprises the following steps:
A. the method for collecting and transporting the parent ginseng comprises the following steps: collecting wild pink wart sea cucumbers in 8 months every year, collecting 135 pink wart sea cucumbers with the body length of 6-8 cm, temporarily culturing in clean seawater for 1 day, removing silt, and transporting live water and pure oxygen to a breeding base to serve as artificial breeding sea cucumber parents;
B. the induced spawning and fertilization method comprises the following steps: the pink wart sea cucumber is small in size, and enough eggs can be obtained after multiple and echelon induced spawning. The method of inducing spawning is adopted each time, and the spawning is induced again after the culture is recovered at an interval of 2 days after the spawning is induced for 1 time. After drying in the shade and stimulation, generally discharging sperms in advance, wherein the discharged ova are distributed at the bottom of the water body in a pile and need to be stirred uniformly in time to ensure that the ova are fully fertilized; and then, immediately filtering fertilized eggs in the water body by using a filter screen to avoid polyspermia fertilization caused by overlong time, adding fresh and clean seawater into the original water body again to wait for the sea cucumbers to continuously produce sperms and eggs, and finishing induced spawning 10 hours after drying in the shade. Fertilized eggs obtained by multiple times of induction are immediately placed in clean seawater, and the density of the fertilized eggs in the culture water body is adjusted to 0.03 fertilized eggs/mL. During the recovery culture period of the sea cucumber parents, baits are required to be fed, the baits are mixed by chlorella powder, sargassum thunbergii powder, kelp powder, yeast powder and sea mud according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1 to form the baits, the feeding amount of the baits is 0.2 percent of the weight, and the baits are cultured in running water.
C. The industrialized culture method of the seedlings comprises the following steps: setting the density of air chambers in a cultivation water body to be 0.4 square meter/piece, adjusting the inflation intensity of the air chambers to the water surface bubble moving speed of 25cm/s in the first 3 days after fertilization, and because pink wart sea cucumber eggs are large, the fertilized eggs carry more nutrient substances, develop by self nutrition in the early stage and do not need to feed baits. And 3 days after fertilization, directly developing pink wart sea cucumbers to a five tentacle attachment stage, feeding baits which are rubbed and crushed by a 500-mesh bolting silk, and reducing the inflation intensity of the air chamber until the movement speed of bubbles on the water surface is 3cm/s after attachment. After fertilization for 10 days, changing water every 2 days, and feeding baits until 0.5cm seedlings are cultivated. The bait for feeding is prepared by mixing chlorella powder, sargassum thunbergii powder, kelp powder and yeast powder according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, and is fed for 4 times every day.
Example 3:
a method for industrially culturing tropical pink wart sea cucumber seedlings comprises the following steps:
A. the method for collecting and transporting the parent ginseng comprises the following steps: collecting wild pink wart sea cucumbers in 7 months every year, collecting 120 pink wart sea cucumbers with the body length of 6-8 cm, temporarily culturing in clean seawater for 1 day, removing silt, and transporting live water and pure oxygen to a breeding base to serve as artificial breeding sea cucumber parents;
B. the induced spawning and fertilization method comprises the following steps: the pink wart sea cucumber is small in size, and enough eggs can be obtained after multiple and echelon induced spawning. The method of inducing spawning is adopted each time, and the spawning is induced again after the culture is recovered at an interval of 2 days after the spawning is induced for 1 time. After drying in the shade and stimulation, generally discharging sperms in advance, wherein the discharged ova are distributed at the bottom of the water body in a pile and need to be stirred uniformly in time to ensure that the ova are fully fertilized; and then, immediately filtering fertilized eggs in the water body by using a filter screen to avoid polyspermia fertilization caused by overlong time, adding fresh and clean seawater into the original water body again to wait for the sea cucumbers to continuously produce sperms and eggs, and finishing induced spawning 10 hours after drying in the shade. Fertilized eggs obtained by multiple and echelon induced spawning are immediately placed in clean seawater, and the density of the fertilized eggs in the culture water body is adjusted to 0.1 egg/mL. During the recovery culture period of the sea cucumber parents, baits are required to be fed, the baits are formed by mixing chlorella powder, sargassum thunbergii powder, kelp powder, yeast powder and sea mud according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1, the feeding amount is 1% of the weight, and the sea cucumber parents are cultured in running water.
C. The industrialized culture method of the seedlings comprises the following steps: the density of the air chambers is set to be 1.2 square meters/piece in the cultivation water body, the air inflation strength of the air chambers is adjusted to reach the water surface bubble moving speed of 10cm/s in the first 3 days after fertilization, and as pink wart sea cucumber eggs are large, the fertilized eggs carry more nutrient substances, develop by self nutrition in the early stage and do not need to feed baits. And 3, directly developing pink wart sea cucumbers to a five tentacle attachment stage after fertilization, feeding the pink wart sea cucumbers, rubbing the pink wart sea cucumbers into pieces by using 400-mesh bolting silk, feeding the pink wart sea cucumbers, and reducing the inflation intensity of an air chamber until the moving speed of bubbles on the water surface reaches 10cm/s after attachment. After fertilization for 10 days, changing water every 2 days, and feeding baits until 0.5cm seedlings are cultivated. The bait for feeding is prepared by mixing chlorella powder, sargassum thunbergii powder, kelp powder and yeast powder according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, and is fed for 1 time every day.
Comparative example 1:
the comparative example is basically the same as the example 1, except that in the step B, the characteristic that the pink wart sea cucumber is not influenced by the moon phase propagation rule is not utilized, all 130 parents are induced to spawn at one time, 2 parents spawn in total, about 2.8 ten thousand spawns are spawned in total, and the average spawning amount is 1.4 ten thousand spawns per parent.
Comparative example 2:
the comparative example is basically the same as the example 2, except that in the step C, the density of the air chambers is set to be 0.4 square meter/piece in the culture water body, the inflation strength of the air chambers is not reduced after the pink wart sea cucumber grows to the five tentacle attachment stage, the pink wart sea cucumber is in a floating state for a long time due to the fact that the air chambers are too dense and the inflation strength is too high, the attachment cannot continue to grow, and finally the seedling culture fails.
Comparative example 3:
the comparative example is basically the same as the example 1, except that in the step C, the water body is stirred by a manual stirring method, the bottom water body is stirred once every 1-3 hours, the water is changed after 3 people watch the water by turns for 10 days continuously, and the manual stirring is stopped. According to the comparative example, due to long-term alternate stream watching, the labor consumption is large, the uniformity of seedlings after stirring cannot be guaranteed, the seedling density in a partial area is too high, the uneven growth condition occurs, or due to untimely stirring, the seedlings die in an oxygen-deficient collective mode, and the seedling culture fails.

Claims (7)

1. A method for industrially culturing tropical pink wart sea cucumber seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
putting fertilized eggs of sea cucumbers with pink warts in clean seawater, adjusting the density of the fertilized eggs in a culture water body to 0.03-0.10 eggs/mL, setting the density of air chambers in the culture water body to 0.4-1.2 square meters/egg, adjusting the inflation strength of the air chambers to the moving speed of bubbles on the water surface of 10-25 cm/s in the first 3 days after fertilization, and not feeding baits; feeding baits 3 days after fertilization, rubbing the baits by using a 300-500-mesh bolting silk, feeding, and adjusting the inflation strength of the air chamber until the moving speed of air bubbles on the water surface is 3-12 cm/s; after fertilization for 10 days, water is changed frequently, and baits are fed until seedlings are cultivated;
the fertilized egg is prepared by the following method:
eggs are obtained by adopting a sea cucumber parent capable of inducing pink wart for multiple times and echelon, a shade-drying induced spawning method is adopted for induced spawning each time, breeding is resumed at an interval of more than 2 days for induced spawning for another induced spawning after 1 time of induced spawning, sperms are discharged in advance, the discharged eggs are distributed at the bottom of a water body in a pile, and are required to be stirred uniformly in time to be fully fertilized; and then, filtering the fertilized eggs in the water body by using a filter screen immediately to avoid polyspermia fertilization caused by overlong time, adding fresh and clean seawater into the original water body again, and waiting for the sea cucumbers to continuously produce sperms and eggs to obtain the fertilized eggs.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the regular water change is every 2 days.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the bait is fed by 1-4 times per day, wherein the bait consists of chlorella powder, sargassum thunbergii powder, kelp powder and yeast powder in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, and the feeding amount of the bait is 0.2-1.0% of the body weight.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of waiting for the sea cucumber to continue to produce sperm and lay eggs is to wait for the sea cucumber to continue to produce sperm and lay eggs, and the step of finishing induced spawning 10 hours after drying in the shade is to obtain fertilized eggs.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the wild holothuria rosea with a length of more than 6cm is collected as a parent of the holothuria rosea in 5-11 months per year.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the wild sea cucumber with pink wart is collected, temporarily cultured in clean seawater for 1-2 days, and then transported to a breeding base by using pure oxygen in running water after silt is removed.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein baits are required to be fed during the recovery culture period of the sea cucumbers, the baits comprise chlorella powder, sargassum thunbergii powder, kelp powder, yeast powder and sea mud according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1, the feeding amount is 0.2-1.0% of the weight, and the sea cucumbers are cultured in running water.
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