CN104602899B - 编织件焊接 - Google Patents

编织件焊接 Download PDF

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CN104602899B
CN104602899B CN201380043953.XA CN201380043953A CN104602899B CN 104602899 B CN104602899 B CN 104602899B CN 201380043953 A CN201380043953 A CN 201380043953A CN 104602899 B CN104602899 B CN 104602899B
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silk
supporting member
hollow
guiding piece
fibre membrane
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CN104602899A (zh
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Z.巴托尔
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BL Technology Co., Ltd.
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General Electric Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8161—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D28/00—Producing nets or the like, e.g. meshes, lattices
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04C—BRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
    • D04C1/00—Braid or lace, e.g. pillow-lace; Processes for the manufacture thereof
    • D04C1/02—Braid or lace, e.g. pillow-lace; Processes for the manufacture thereof made from particular materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04C—BRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
    • D04C3/00—Braiding or lacing machines
    • D04C3/02—Braiding or lacing machines with spool carriers guided by track plates or by bobbin heads exclusively
    • D04C3/06—Braiding or lacing machines with spool carriers guided by track plates or by bobbin heads exclusively with spool carriers moving always in the same direction in endless paths
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/07—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments otherwise than in a plane, e.g. in a tubular way
    • D04H3/073—Hollow cylinder shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/56—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally
    • B29C53/58—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B29C65/081—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations having a component of vibration not perpendicular to the welding surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/69—General aspects of joining filaments 
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81415—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled
    • B29C66/81419—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled and flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
    • B29C66/9513—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools characterised by specific vibration frequency values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
    • B29C66/9517—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools characterised by specific vibration amplitude values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2028/00—Nets or the like

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Braiding, Manufacturing Of Bobbin-Net Or Lace, And Manufacturing Of Nets By Knotting (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种用于与中空纤维膜一起使用的管状支承件，该管状支承件通过包括成型机和超声波焊接机的装置制成。该装置还可以包括涂覆喷嘴，以用于将涂料沉积在支承件上，在操作中，丝形成为其中丝沿径向和周向方向相互交叉的管状结构，例如编织件。丝在其间的相交部处通过超声波焊接在一起。该支承件与聚合物膜壁组合以形成中空纤维膜。

Description

编织件焊接
技术领域
本说明书涉及中空纤维膜并且涉及用于制造用于中空纤维膜的支承结构的装置和方法。
背景技术
美国专利6,354,444描述了一种不对称膜，该不对称膜包括被支承在管状编织件上的管状聚合物薄膜。该编织件是柔性的但是足够强健，以在膜用于微滤(MF)或超滤(UF)时承受弯曲和拉伸。该编织件根据特定的物理参数预制，使得编织件具有处于0.2mm至1.0mm的范围内的壁厚以及有限的透气性。该管状聚合物薄膜具有小于0.2mm的厚度并且通过在编织件被进给通过涂覆喷嘴的同时将涂料铸造在编织件上而形成。尽管该编织件是自支承的，但是涂覆喷嘴包括圆形孔口，以保证在涂料被涂覆在该编织件上之前该编织件是完全圆形的。管状聚合物薄膜被支承在编织件的外周表面上，而无需将编织件嵌入到管状聚合物薄膜中。涂覆的编织件行进通过凝固箱，涂料在该凝固箱中转化成聚合物薄膜。
国际公布号WO 2010/148517描述了制造非编织纺织增强中空纤维膜的各种方法。所述方法中的一些提供增强结构，该增强结构包括围绕膜的外周延伸的丝，但是所述丝不构成编织或织造结构的一部分。增强结构中的一些还包括纵向丝。所述增强结构嵌入在膜壁中。膜具有0.5或更大的内外径比。
发明内容
下文旨在向读者介绍详细描述，以理解并且不限制或限定权利要求书。
本说明书描述了一种用于制造用于中空纤维膜的支承结构的装置和方法。该装置包括管状支承件成型装置和超声波焊接装置。该方法包括将一组丝布置成管状支承结构并且在丝之间的相交点处通过声波将丝焊接在一起的步骤。
本说明书描述了一种用于制造中空纤维膜的方法和装置。该装置包括用于制造如上文所描述的支承件的装置和涂覆喷嘴。该方法包括上文所描述的用于制造支承件的步骤以及将支承件结合到中空纤维膜中的步骤。
本说明书还描述了中空纤维膜。该膜包括聚合物壁和管状支承结构。管状支承结构包括沿周向和径向两个方向相互交叉的丝。所述丝在其间的相交点处焊接在一起。
附图说明
图1是用于制造管状支承结构的装置和被支承的中空纤维膜的示意图。
图2是编织支承件的一部分的示意图。
图3是超声波焊接机和采集引导件的横截面示意图，该采集引导件是用于将丝布置成管状支承结构的机器的部件，其中该采集引导件定位在焊接机的前面。
图4是沿图3的线4-4截取的图3的超声波焊接机的超声波发生器头的横截面图。
图5是超声波焊接机和采集引导件的另一种布置的横截面示意图，其中焊接机位于采集引导件的前面。
图6是具有可选的压缩气体喷嘴的大体如图3中所示的超声波焊接机和采集引导件的横截面示意图。
图7是具有可选的芯棒的大体如图3中所示的超声波焊接机和采集引导件的横截面示意图。
图8是具有其中焊接机定位在采集引导件的开孔内的另一种构造以及可选的中空芯棒的超声波焊接机和采集引导件的横截面示意图。
图9是沿图8的线9-9截取的横截面图。
图10是具有其中采集引导件起到焊接机的部件的作用的另一种构造的超声波焊接机和采集引导件的横截面示意图。
具体实施方式
大体如美国专利6,354,444中所描述的编织件支承膜用于GE Water&ProcessTechnologies所制造的ZeeWeedTM浸入式膜组件中。具体而言，这些组件用于膜生物反应器(MBR)中。尽管MBR中的膜的剧烈搅动，但是基本不发生纤维与ZeeWeed组件断裂的事故。具有较少的丝的编织件仍然能够产生足够强健的膜。然而，美国专利6,354,444中所描述的物理参数至少部分地被选择成使得编织件将是自支承的并且足够致密以允许膜成型涂料被涂覆在编织件上。
在本说明书中，词语“管状支承结构”(备选地被称为“支承件”)指的是由沿周向和径向两个方向相互交叉的丝形成的有小孔的或者至少多孔的结构。支承件可以是或者可以不是自支承的，但是能够至少被操作成具有纵向孔的大体管状形状。该支承件例如可以是织造、编织或针织管。
图1示出了用于制造支承件20的装置10，该支承件用于制造中空纤维膜。装置10包括支承件成型机12和超声波焊接机14。支承件20例如可以是针织、织造或编织支承件。支承件成型机12例如可以是针织机、编织机或织造机。支承件由已通过支承件成型机12布置的丝18制成。丝18可以是例如丝束或纱线的单丝或复丝。丝18行进通过支承件成型机12和超声波焊接机14。超声波焊接机14在丝18之间的至少一些相交点处将丝18焊接在一起。可选地，可以提供旋转线轴16以拉动丝18通过装置10。由线轴16施加给支承件20的张力有助于在焊接丝18时将支承件20保持成具有开口纵向孔的圆形。
可选地，涂覆喷嘴17可以被设置成与焊接机14成直线，以在制造支承件20时将膜成型涂料沉积在支承件20上或该支承件20周围。涂覆支承件21从涂覆喷嘴17通向凝固浴(未示出)，以形成例如适于微滤或超滤过程的中空纤维膜。涂覆喷嘴17在超声波焊接机14之后以及线轴16之前或之后定位。
可选地，支承件成型机12可以将丝18编织成编织支承件20。例如，丝18可以在竖直或水平管状编织机上被编织在一起，其中竖直机器是优选的。管状编织机包括轨道板，该轨道板具有缠绕轨道和多个筒管承载器。所述筒管承载器承载加载有丝18的筒管并且在顺时针或逆时针方向上沿轨道行进。当筒管承载器沿轨道行进时，丝18被拉向采集引导件22(例如如图3中所示)。采集引导件22定位在轨道板的中心之上。采集引导件22接收丝18并且协助形成编织支承件20。
筒管承载器的速度和编织丝18被拉动通过采集引导件22的速度能够确定丝18在编织支承件20内的图案和角度。例如，编织支承件20可以具有大约20至100纬纱数(每英寸的绞口)。编织支承件20的圆柱形壁可以具有从大约0.1mm至大约0.7mm的厚度，优选地处于从大约0.3至0.Smm的范围内。孔可以具有处于从大约0.25mm至大约2.3mm的范围内的内径。
图2示出了平放的编织支承件20的管状壁的一部分。该壁具有位于两根或多根丝18相互交叉的点处的多个相交部30。编织过程期间丝18中的张力可以在每一个相交部30处压挤丝18。位于相交部30之间的丝18的节段在支承件20的壁中限定孔洞32。孔洞32可以具有均匀或非均匀的形状。孔洞32可以可选地足够小，以抑制通过涂覆喷嘴17沉积在编织支承件20上的涂料的显著渗透。备选地，孔洞32可以较大，使得丝18变得部分或完全地嵌入在涂料中。
图3示出了管状编织机的采集引导件22以及超声波焊接机14的定位在采集引导件22之上或之后的部件的横截面图。可选地，采集引导件22与超声波焊接机14之间的距离可以是可变的。
超声波焊接机14包括反向工具26和超声波发生器24。编织支承件20被从采集引导件22拉动以通过反向工具26与超声波发生器24的相对表面之间。反向工具26被固定就位并且还可以被称为砧座或巢。声波焊接机14，并且可选地，相关联的控制器(未示出)使超声波发生器24在大约15或20至70kHz之间的频率下以大约10至150μm的振幅朝向和远离反向工具26振荡。超声波发生器24的振荡向丝18中施加声能。优选地，超声波发生器24在与编织支承件20垂直的平面中振荡，例如如图4中的箭头X所示。可选地，超声波发生器24可以在与编织支承件20平行的平面中振荡。
丝18由易受超声波焊接影响的材料制成或者可选地涂覆有或包括该种材料。振荡的超声波发生器24所施加的声能造成材料由固相暂时转变成熔融相。在处于熔融相时，一根丝18的材料的一部分可以在丝18之间的相交部30中的一些或所有相交部处与另一根丝18的材料的一部分合并。相交部30处的丝18的一部分稍后转变成合并固相，使得相交部30中的一些或所有的相交部都变成焊接点。焊接点可以提高支承件20的结构稳定性或强度。备选地，较少的丝18可以用于制造相对于不具有焊接丝18的类似的支承件具有相等的强度或稳定性的支承件20。
由在编织过程期间施加的张力所造成的每一个相交部30处的压挤可以突出声能对相交部30的影响。在编织支承件20的给定部分已通过超声波焊接机14之后，声能不再影响丝18的材料并且丝18的材料再次转变成固相。
装置10可以在连续过程中操作。丝18在张力下被拉动通过成型机12。成型机12将丝18组装成使得当丝18通过采集引导件22时，丝18形成支承件20。丝18的一种或多种材料被超声波焊接机14熔融，这造成来自一根丝18的材料与来自另一根丝18的材料合并。可选地，超声波焊接机14可以在采集丝18以形成支承件20之前或者与此同时熔融丝18的材料。焊接支承件20被从超声波焊接机14拉动并且可以被存储以用于后续使用。可选地，焊接支承件20可以直接通过涂覆装置，以在额外的连续、在线、膜成型步骤中接收膜涂料。
在超声波焊接机14的变型中，反向工具26和超声波发生器24的相对表面的形状可以被构造成改变声能的焦点。例如，所述相对表面中的一个或两个可以具有凸脊，该凸脊使声能朝向支承件20的较小的区域聚焦。凸脊还可以造成丝18的压挤的局部增大，这可以使声能的影响局部化和突出。在另一个变型中，一个相对表面具有凸脊并且另一个相对表面具有两个侧向移位的凸脊，该两个侧向移位的凸脊将相对的凸脊接收在其间。备选地，相对表面可以更多地成形为使声能分散在较大的平坦区域之上。
图5示出了其中超声波焊接机14在采集引导件22之前定位的装置10的可选布置。当丝18被编织并且通过最靠近成型机12的反向工具26和超声波发生器24的边缘之上时，来自振荡的超声波发生器24的声能被施加给丝18的材料。可选地，边缘可以具有倒角或者成辐射状，以协助采集丝18并且形成编织支承件20。在该选项中，丝18的材料在相交部30最终定位之前转变成熔融相。在丝18相对于彼此移向其最终位置时，丝18保持熔融相。在相交部30达到其最终位置之后，丝转变成固相以产生焊接相交部30。
可选地，超声波焊接机14可以具有呈环形式的超声波发生器24，并且丝18可以在进入采集引导件22并且形成支承件20之前或之后通过环的开口中心。丝18可以通过孔引导件相对于环形超声波发生器被按压、可以通过张力相对于环形超声波发生器被拉动、或者可以仅仅被超声波发生器通过。
在另一个选项中，装置10可以包括孔引导件，例如将在下文结合图6和图7所描述的那样。孔引导件可以支承丝18，以有助于保持编织支承件20的孔打开直到编织支承件20已通过声波焊接机14。孔引导件还可以用于相对于超声波发生器或反向工具放置丝18。
图6示出了其中孔引导件是流体(例如气体50)的流(由图6中的箭头所示)的一个选项。气体50的流可以是由喷嘴52提供的压缩气体，优选地是压缩空气。喷嘴52定位在管状编织机12与声波焊接机14之间。气体50的流与支承件20共轴地流动并且流入纵向孔中且保持支承件20的孔打开。
图7示出了其中孔引导件是芯棒54的另一个选项。芯棒54可以呈销、弹簧销、管、管道、杆、针或将提供结构支承以有助于保持支承件20的孔打开的任何其它主体的形式。芯棒54可以从成型机12延伸通过采集引导件22，使得丝18至少部分地围绕芯棒54的纵向轴线被编织。芯棒54还可以延伸通过采集引导件22并且通过超声波发生器24，以在行进通过声波焊接机14时支承编织支承件20。
图8示出了其中孔引导件包括中空芯棒56的另一个选项。中空芯棒56可以用于容许孔材料58进入支承件20中。中空芯棒56可以定位在成型机12(图8中未示出)与超声波发生器24的位置之间或者从成型机12延伸。中空芯棒56可以延伸通过采集引导件22并且通过超声波焊接机14。支承件20至少部分地围绕中空芯棒56的外表面形成。孔材料58以线速度被引导通过中空芯棒56并且变得被封装在编织支承件20内。孔材料58能够是期望已在制造期间已被封装在编织支承件20内的任何材料，流体或固体，例如以有助于形成所获得的膜的孔或支承丝18，或者例如永久地形成复合膜。该孔材料58可以在稍后的处理步骤中被移除，例如在涂覆支承件20之前或之后。在图9中所示的例子中，孔材料58是用于帮助支承丝18并且形成所获得的膜的孔的聚醋酸乙烯酯的中空管。聚醋酸乙烯酯的管仍然位于支承件20内侧，直到涂料凝固为止但是在膜被投入使用之前溶出膜之外。
如图8中所示，超声波焊接机14可以定位在采集引导件22的开孔62内。开孔62足够大，以容纳反向工具26和超声波发生器24。可选地，开孔62的尺寸允许将反向工具26和超声波发生器24放置在开孔62内的不同的位置范围内。
图10示出了其中采集引导件22被弹簧72支承在壳体70中的用于装置10的另一个选项。可选地，采集引导件22可以与壳体70的内表面74相接触，以保证采集引导件22的移动与编织支承件20的行进方向共轴。作为进一步的选项，采集引导件22可以具有与内表面74相接触的一个或多个低摩擦表面76。优选地，采集引导件22具有与内表面74相接触的三个或多个间隔开的低摩擦表面76。
如图10中所示，超声波发生器24与支承件20的纵向轴线成直线地定位在采集引导件22之下。超声波发生器24沿支承件20的纵向轴线朝向并且远离采集引导件22的下边缘振荡，如箭头Y所示。在该选项中，采集引导件22起到非固定反向工具的作用。弹簧72的偏置力被引向超声波发生器24，使得弹簧72在丝18通过超声波发生器24与采集引导件22之间的间隙78时按压丝18。所获得的压挤可以突出声能对丝18的材料的影响。可以通过选择适当的弹簧72或者调节其安装位置来调节间隙78处的压挤的量。采集引导件22的下边缘优选地具有倒角或者成辐射状，以避免在丝18通过该采集引导件之上时切割丝。超声波发生器24的上边缘可以具有互补形状。丝飞过超声波发生器24的上边缘之上而不必触碰该超声波发生器。提供狭窄间隙78有助于降低丝18在支承件20中缠结或偏离的可能性。
上文所描述的方法和装置提供了制造用于中空纤维膜的支承件或中空纤维膜的备选装置。在一些情况下，焊接支承件可以相对于未焊接的类似的旦尼尔的支承件有所改进的尺寸稳定性或强度。在一些情况下，焊接支承件可以减少从支承件的期望的内表面或外表面突起的偏离的丝的出现。
例如关于丝、编织机、涂覆喷嘴、膜涂料和膜成型技术的额外的有用细节在美国专利6,354,444和国际公布号WO 2010/148517中有所描述。美国专利6,354,444和国际公布号WO 2010/148517通过引用的方式结合到本说明书中。
该书面描述使用例子公开了本发明并且还使得本领域技术人员能够实施本发明。本发明的范围由权利要求书限定，并且可以包括本领域技术人员能够想到的其它例子。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于制造用于中空纤维膜的支承件的装置，包括：
成型机，所述成型机适于将丝布置成非自支承编织管状支承件，其中所述丝沿径向和周向两个方向相互交叉；以及
超声波焊接机，所述超声波焊接机适于在所述丝之间的至少一些相交点处将所述丝焊接在一起。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括涂覆喷嘴，所述涂覆喷嘴通过膜成型涂料来涂覆所述支承件。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括位于所述成型机、所述焊接机、或二者的采集引导件的孔内的孔引导件。
4.根据权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于，所述孔引导件是中空的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述成型机的采集引导件提供所述焊接机的部件。
6.一种用于制造用于中空纤维膜的管状支承件的方法，所述方法包括：
a.将多根丝形成非自支承编织管状支承件，其中所述丝沿径向和周向两个方向相互交叉；以及
b.在所述丝相互交叉的至少一些点处通过超声波将所述丝的对焊接在一起。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述超声波焊接步骤b.开始于成型步骤a.之后。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述超声波焊接步骤b.开始于所述成型步骤a.期间。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述超声波焊接在15kHz至70kHz之间的范围内执行。
10.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括通过孔引导件来支承管状编织支承件的步骤，所述孔引导件选自由流体流、固体主体、中空主体、或其组合组成的组。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述孔引导件是中空主体并且所述方法还包括通过所述中空主体将第二材料引入所述支承件中的步骤。
12.一种中空纤维膜，包括：
形成非自支承编织管状支承件的多根丝；
其中所述丝沿径向和周向两个方向相互交叉；
并且其中所述丝在所述丝相互交叉的一个或多个相交部处通过超声波焊接在一起。
13.根据权利要求12所述的中空纤维膜，其特征在于，所述中空纤维膜还包括附接到所述非自支承编织管状支承件的聚合物膜壁。
14.根据权利要求13所述的中空纤维膜，其特征在于，所述膜壁具有在微滤或超滤范围内的孔隙。
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CN104602899A (zh) 2015-05-06
WO2014031337A1 (en) 2014-02-27
EP2888101B1 (en) 2019-11-27
US20140054214A1 (en) 2014-02-27
US9227362B2 (en) 2016-01-05
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HUE048508T2 (hu) 2020-08-28

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