CN104542162A - Osmanthus flower cultivation technique - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an osmanthus flower cultivation method. The cultivation method comprises the following steps of: (1) selecting and neatening soil; (2) planting the osmanthus flower; (3) routinely curing and managing the osmanthus flower. According to the method, the osmanthus flower with a beautiful shape, strong tree vigor, colorful flower color and heavy fragrance can be cultivated.

Description

Sweet osmanthus culture technique

Technical field

The present invention relates to the cultivation method of a kind of sweet osmanthus.

Background technology

Sweet osmanthus is a kind of plant being adapted at scenic spot, classical garden, modern park, Metropolis Square, residential quarter, government department and Deluxe villa district introducing and planting, there is the very large market demand, but in prior art, sweet osmanthus growing and cultivation method is in growth rate, morphological feature, conform, can't satisfy the demand in diseases and pests controlling etc.

Summary of the invention

The invention discloses a kind of sweet osmanthus cultivation method, the sweet osmanthus fast growth of the method cultivation, disease insect pest controls stable, pretty figure, and tree vigo(u)r is strong, and pattern is gorgeous, thick flavor.

Sweet osmanthus cultivation method of the present invention comprises the steps:

(1) soil is selected and is arranged

Rectification soil: alkaline soil mu executes 2000-3000 kilogram of farmyard manure, coordinates pH value to be the ferrous sulfate of 3 simultaneously; Acid soil adds appropriate lime and farmyard manure, and farmyard manure carries out high temperature before using and sends out effect for a long time;

Determine to plant the width in railway carriage or compartment and strain, line-spacing according to the size of cultivated plant: the place when lighting delay number is less than 1500, East and West direction opens railway carriage or compartment, and spacing in the rows is greater than line-spacing; Place when lighting delay number is greater than 1700, strain/line-spacing is equidistant; Every 5 railway carriage or compartment ditches dig Zhong Gou, and middle trench depth and width are 2 times of railway carriage or compartment ditch, and every 50 mu are dug main drain, and main drain and gutter height and the degree of depth are more than 2 times of middle ditch;

Soil is carried out to the process of worm, disease, grass;

(2) field planting of sweet osmanthus

Sweet osmanthus fibrous root planting depth is plant height 20-30%, and root system periphery is real with soil pressure;

Remove non-wood branch and the overstocked branch of part; At the environment that air humidity is large, the quantity of organ is removed in appropriate control; At the overdried environment of air, every day sprays water 3-5 time in blade face;

The seedling of field planting before the non-lignification of new root, not applying fertilizer; Prevent soil too moist; In the place that temperature is higher, every day waters 2-3 time to soil;

Field planting in autumn covers root; Spring, field planting did not cover root;

(3) conventional maintenance management

A, water-saving irrigation

Drip irrigation and spray irrigation or flood irrigation mode is adopted to irrigate;

B, base fertilizer and topdress

Base fertilizer is based on fertilizer and depot fertilizer, and the annual autumn, non-root was executed, and around tree crown vertical ground, place digs soil, soil of being nuzzled by base fertilizer;

Mix with the ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with water 1: 800, weekly foliage-spray or per ten days root execute once; In the place of mean temperature of air higher than 15 DEG C, execute with deep applicator root with aqueous nitrogen Fertilizer solution, every first quarter moon topdresses once;

C, the extermination of disease and insect pest

Disease comprises that leaf is withered, root-rot or grey mold, uses corresponding medicine or cuts off partial organ and remove disease;

Insect pest comprises mite, a red-spotted lizard or chafer, uses corresponding medicine or cut off partial organ to remove insect pest;

D, shape pruning

According to breeding objectives, to overstocked branch in process of growth, long shoot, residual branch, sick branch, weak branch are pruned;

E, blossom-control technics

Control temperature samming about 20 degree, period the temperature difference be greater than 15 degree, thermal extremes is less than 28 degree, and extreme low temperature is greater than 5 degree above freezing; Control space humidity 70%, day lighting delay number be not less than 2 hours, the Target Flowering previous moon phosphorus, potash fertilizer in proportion 1500 times of water liquid within every three days, spray once.

Embodiment

In order to make the clearer understanding of those skilled in the art technical scheme of the present invention, below by embodiment, the present invention is further described.

Sweet osmanthus cultivation method of the present invention comprises the steps:

(1) soil is selected and is arranged

The plant of sweet osmanthus, meta-acid in P in soil H value, loose ventilative, be rich in organic matter, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and therefore must select soil on request before cultivation, soil is undesirable must be rectified and improved.

Alkaline soil can execute 2000-3000 kilogram of farmyard manure by mu, coordinates pH value to be the ferrous sulfate of 3 simultaneously; Acid soil can add appropriate lime and farmyard manure.Farmyard manure carries out high temperature and sends out effect for a long time before using, farmyard manure use the oxygen content being simultaneously conducive to increasing soil, the granular structure of balanced soil and fertile part structure.As low genital tract, must deep-cut drain ditch, arid lands should solve pouring water.

Determine to plant the width in railway carriage or compartment and strain, line-spacing according to the size of cultivated plant, the place when lighting delay number is less than 1500, East and West direction opens railway carriage or compartment, and spacing in the rows is greater than line-spacing, the place when lighting delay number is greater than 1700, can strain/line-spacing equidistant.Generally every 5 railway carriage or compartment ditches dig Zhong Gou, and middle trench depth and width are 2 times of railway carriage or compartment ditch, and every 50 mu are dug main drain, main drain and gutter height and the degree of depth are more than 2 times of middle ditch, this measure makes to prevent torrential rain, and draining can not complete at 12 hours, caused sweet osmanthus impaired.

The process of worm, disease, grass must be carried out to soil before field planting.

(2) the field planting requirement of sweet osmanthus

Sweet osmanthus fibrous root is comparatively flourishing, and planting depth controls at plant height 20-30%, and root system periphery is real with soil pressure, and prevent that root from contacting insufficient with soil and dehydration is dead, windproof process must be carried out in the place that wind is large.

The evaporation of the impaired initiation of root function is caused to be greater than absorption for preventing sweet osmanthus because transplanting, non-wood branch and the overstocked branch of part can be removed after field planting is good, at the environment that air humidity is large, such as continuous many days wet weather or the place larger compared with High aititude region air humidity, the quantity of organ is removed in appropriate control.At the overdried environment of air, every day must spray water 3-5 time on blade face.

The seedling of field planting, before the non-lignification of new root, must guard against applying fertilizer, soil also must be prevented too moist, cause rotten, the phenomenons such as rotted leaf.In the place that temperature is higher, every day can water 2-3 time to soil.

Field planting in autumn can cover root.Both moisturizing, promotes ground temperature again.Field planting in spring, can not black plastic mulching root, and lighting delay number is few, and the low ground of temperature can overlay film, but meets temperature and raise, and need take off cover layer in time.

(3) conventional maintenance management

Start when shoot is wooden, show that new root starts lignification, young sprout must retain, especially cultivate the plantation family of street tree, should keep 2-3 young sprout, part Winter hardness can cut off in advance because frost cannot retain, after treating that seedling is sturdy, then prune this according to demand and need pacify and mention especially.

A, water-saving irrigation

Place with good conditionsi can add water supply plant, and drip irrigation is best, and sprinkling irrigation is taken second place, and as days very early in the morning, flood irrigation mode also can be adopted to solve, and watering of sweet osmanthus can be determined according to the water status of the dehydration situation of blade and soil.

B, base fertilizer and topdress

Base fertilizer, based on fertilizer and depot fertilizer, adds quantitative trace element according to plant strain growth situation, and the general non-root of annual autumn of base fertilizer is executed, and around tree crown vertical ground, place digs soil, soil of being nuzzled by base fertilizer, notes too not shallow.

Topdress according to carrying out different seasons, because the sweet osmanthus florescence is long, therefore large to phosphorus potash fertilizer demand, can potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1: 800 ratio, foliage-spray weekly, or per ten days root execute once, in the place of mean temperature of air higher than 15 DEG C, can execute with deep applicator root by aqueous nitrogen Fertilizer solution in right amount, general every first quarter moon topdresses once, and place with good conditionsi can be prepared " Heisui River " and be imposed.

C, the extermination of disease and insect pest

It seems at present, sweet osmanthus does not have destructive damage by disease and insect, adheres to preventing overweighting the viewpoint controlled.

Disease mainly contains the illnesss such as leaf is withered, root-rot, grey mold, and can buy relevant medicine to pharmacy and according to dosage use, as long as growing environment is favourable, sweet osmanthus seldom has disease.

Insect pest is mite, a red-spotted lizard mainly, and there is chafer some areas, and available a red-spotted lizard mite spirit waits medicine control, and chafer can black light lamp trapping.

As damage by disease and insect harm, also can cut off partial organ and carry out destructiveness control.

D, shape pruning

According to breeding objectives, to overstocked branch in process of growth, long shoot, residual branch, sick branch, weak branch are pruned, and repeatedly pinching favourable branch heavy foliage is numerous, and this point carries out practice guidance at the scene.

E, blossom-control technics

Sweet osmanthus has continuous feature of blooming all the year round.The conditions such as the previous moon control of Target Flowering, humidity, illumination, fertile part, control by field production requirement.Samming about 20 degree is suitable for temperature of blooming for sweet osmanthus, period the temperature difference to be greater than 15 degree be good, thermal extremes is less than 28 degree, and extreme low temperature is greater than 5 degree above freezing and is suitable for and blooms; If space humidity 70%, day lighting delay number be not less than 2 hours need rich flower, the Target Flowering previous moon phosphorus, potash fertilizer in proportion 1500 times of water liquid within every three days, spray once, successful.

The beneficial effect of sweet osmanthus cultivation method of the present invention is described below by a specific product.

Assortment: Jin Guiqun

Classification annual late September at florescence at florescence is to early October

Morphological feature tree crown spheroidal, tender tip yellow green, Lao Ye is blackish green, and keratin is hard, glossy.

The more resistance to low humidity of ecological custom; Strong to climate adaptability, be not afraid of high temperature and frost; Also certain resistance is had to atmospheric pollution such as dust.

(1) cultivar origin

' fast-growing gold osmanthus ' be screen from Chengdu native breed ' green grass or young crops picks up son ' develop a fast growth, begin the golden osmanthus veriety of spending morning at age, gardens are widely used.

(2) morphological feature

' fast-growing gold osmanthus ' is evergreenness dungarunga, and tree crown spheroidal, growing way is good, and tight ness rating is large.Type strain treelet divides average 5.8 of principal stresses, spring tip average length 24.1cm, joint number average 7.8 joints/tip, the average 40.4 pieces/tip of axillalry bud number.Tender tip yellow green is different from general osmanthus cultivars aubergine.Lao Ye is blackish green, hard leather matter, glossy; Long ellipticity lanceolar is to oblong; The long average 10.2cm of leaf, the wide average 3.1cm of leaf, aspect ratio about 3.3; The recessed Qu Buping in blade face, master pulse both sides slightly asymmetry; Lateral vein 11 ~ 13 is right, and more neatly, net arteries and veins two sides is all obvious; There is the thin sharp sawtooth of sparse Unequal distance leaf margin middle and upper part, and warp is obvious; The long point of blade tip; Phyllopodium wedge shape; Petiole is long 1.1cm on average.Begin to spend the life of 3 years ages, contain after spending the life of 5 years ages; Annual late September at florescence is to early October; Corolla is closely open and flat, and sliver is oval, micro-interior button; Brightly yellowish look, international colour atla is numbered 12B (yellow); Flower amount is many, and thick flavor, spends rear shaky.

(3) ecological habit

' fast-growing gold osmanthus ' more resistance to low humidity; Comparatively strong to climate adaptability, be not afraid of high temperature and frost; Also certain resistance is had to atmospheric pollution such as dust.This also may be exactly the inherent nature basis of the rapid Extend culture of this kind energy.In In Chengdu, original producton location, the maximum feature of ' fast-growing gold osmanthus ' is that growth fast, and clearly, within 1 year, raw Seedling height growth can reach 1.2 ~ 1.6m to apical dominance, and annual elongation growth does not take out a side shoot, and often saves and all preserve blade, does not come off for a long time; After osmanthus veriety of general autumn enters the age of blooming, often only take out a spring tip every year, ' fast-growing gold osmanthus ' is then unusual, and it often prolongs raw summer shoot on the basis of the spring tip, go out autumn growth and Winter hardness from the tip attenuating of summer shoot again, take out the tip total length whole year at more than 1m.In addition, ' fast-growing gold osmanthus ' can also the tip be taken out on limit, bloom in limit, and this is also the place that osmanthus veriety of general autumn is not accomplished.

(4) breeding and culturing

' fast-growing gold osmanthus ' cuttage and seedling culture can carry out, and insert the most safe and reliable with the summer whole year.' fast-growing gold osmanthus ' seedling growth is quick, relatively stricter to the requirement of water and fertilizer management aspect, answers multiplex fertilizer, uses chemical fertilizer less, prevents ' fast-growing gold osmanthus ' overgrowing to hinder seedling.' fast-growing gold osmanthus ' was decided to be 1.5 ~ 1.8m in fork height (clear bole height) unification of opening of Miao Dili in the past, had influence on its fast-growing effect to a certain extent.Suitable reduction it open fork height, such as 1.0m or 0.5m so that cultivate plurality of specifications require gardens seedling.' fast-growing gold osmanthus ' damage by disease and insect is few, and resistance is also strong, but should be noted trunk borer---the invasion danger of flatheaded borer, to note after planting strengthening control.

(5) utilization is planted

' fast-growing gold osmanthus ' pretty figure, tree vigo(u)r is strong, and pattern is gorgeous, thick flavor, be the fragrant flower seeds that a development potentiality is larger, be highly suitable for scenic spot, classical garden, modern park, Metropolis Square, residential quarter, government department and Deluxe villa district introducing and planting; Also can consider by essence content measurement, after confirming assessment further, develop this kind at southern hilly area, extract essence to pick flowers to produce in the future, meet domestic and international trade needs.

Claims (1)

1. a sweet osmanthus cultivation method of the present invention, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:

(1) soil is selected and is arranged

Rectification soil: alkaline soil mu executes 2000-3000 kilogram of farmyard manure, coordinates pH value to be the ferrous sulfate of 3 simultaneously; Acid soil adds appropriate lime and farmyard manure, and farmyard manure carries out high temperature before using and sends out effect for a long time;

Determine to plant the width in railway carriage or compartment and strain, line-spacing according to the size of cultivated plant: the place when lighting delay number is less than 1500, East and West direction opens railway carriage or compartment, and spacing in the rows is greater than line-spacing; Place when lighting delay number is greater than 1700, strain/line-spacing is equidistant; Every 5 railway carriage or compartment ditches dig Zhong Gou, and middle trench depth and width are 2 times of railway carriage or compartment ditch, and every 50 mu are dug main drain, and main drain and gutter height and the degree of depth are more than 2 times of middle ditch;

Soil is carried out to the process of worm, disease, grass;

(2) field planting of sweet osmanthus

Sweet osmanthus fibrous root planting depth is plant height 20-30%, and root system periphery is real with soil pressure;

Remove non-wood branch and the overstocked branch of part; At the environment that air humidity is large, the quantity of organ is removed in appropriate control; At the overdried environment of air, every day sprays water 3-5 time in blade face;

The seedling of field planting before the non-lignification of new root, not applying fertilizer; Prevent soil too moist; In the place that temperature is higher, every day waters 2-3 time to soil;

Field planting in autumn covers root; Spring, field planting did not cover root;

(3) conventional maintenance management

A, water-saving irrigation

Drip irrigation and spray irrigation or flood irrigation mode is adopted to irrigate;

B, base fertilizer and topdress

Base fertilizer is based on fertilizer and depot fertilizer, and the annual autumn, non-root was executed, and around tree crown vertical ground, place digs soil, soil of being nuzzled by base fertilizer;

Mix with the ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with water 1: 800, weekly foliage-spray or per ten days root execute once; In the place of mean temperature of air higher than 15 DEG C, execute with deep applicator root with aqueous nitrogen Fertilizer solution, every first quarter moon topdresses once;

C, the extermination of disease and insect pest

Disease comprises that leaf is withered, root-rot or grey mold, uses corresponding medicine or cuts off partial organ and remove disease;

Insect pest comprises mite, a red-spotted lizard or chafer, uses corresponding medicine or cut off partial organ to remove insect pest;

D, shape pruning

According to breeding objectives, to overstocked branch in process of growth, long shoot, residual branch, sick branch, weak branch are pruned;

E, blossom-control technics

Control temperature samming about 20 degree, period the temperature difference be greater than 15 degree, thermal extremes is less than 28 degree, and extreme low temperature is greater than 5 degree above freezing; Control space humidity 70%, day lighting delay number be not less than 2 hours, the Target Flowering previous moon phosphorus, potash fertilizer in proportion 1500 times of water liquid within every three days, spray once.