CN104521625A - Rain-shelter blackberry cultivation method with micro-irrigation facility - Google Patents
Rain-shelter blackberry cultivation method with micro-irrigation facility Download PDFInfo
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- CN104521625A CN104521625A CN201510053752.9A CN201510053752A CN104521625A CN 104521625 A CN104521625 A CN 104521625A CN 201510053752 A CN201510053752 A CN 201510053752A CN 104521625 A CN104521625 A CN 104521625A
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- blackberry
- irrigation
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- blueberry
- rain
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/247—Watering arrangements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-efficiency cultivation technology for fruit trees, in particular to a rain-shelter blackberry cultivation method with a micro-irrigation facility. The rain-shelter blackberry cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: selecting a simple greenhouse or a steel frame greenhouse; covering the greenhouse with a film before blackberries ripen; timely uncovering the film after the blackberries are harvested; and timely irrigating with a micro-irrigation method during the period of covering the greenhouse according to the drought condition of the field. Compared with the prior art, the high-efficiency blackberry cultivation method has the advantages that the yield and the variety of the blackberries are significantly improved; the average yield increase is over 10%; the soluble solid content of the fresh fruit is improved by 7.0%-9.0%; the organic acid is reduced by 8.0%-10.0%; and the soluble solid-to-acid ratio is increased by over 15%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a planting fruit-trees efficiency cultivation technology for high, be specifically related to blackberry, blueberry and take shelter from rain the method for slight irrigation facility cultivation.
Background technology
Blackberry, blueberry is a kind of small berries of rose family rubus, is applicable to China's southern growth.China in last century the eighties start introducing and planting, at present in Jiangsu, how Anhui, Zhejiang, Shandong, Guizhou, Hubei etc. cultivate.Blackberry, blueberry most kind maturing stage annual 6, July, just midsummer of blackberry, blueberry main producing region, many ground and rainy season, often rot because high temperature and rainwater make fruit not gather in time, affect the economic benefit of blackberry, blueberry plant husbandry greatly.The present invention carries out rain shelter cultivation in the fructescence to blackberry, blueberry, can solve the impact of rainwater on berry quality and fruit harvesting well, improve blackberry, blueberry quality and yield, achieve better economic benefit.
Plant growth be unable to do without moisture, the moisture that blackberry, blueberry needs a large amount of consumption a large amount of in the phase of yielding positive results, and in the situation of taking shelter from rain, needs by man-made irrigation, just can guarantee the normal growth of blackberry, blueberry, reaches the effect of high yield good harvest.Slight irrigation is a kind of high-efficiency water-saving technology in agricultural production, is utilize micro-irrigation equipment to be assembled into irrigation system, carries be assigned to field, by irrigator with a kind of irrigation technique of soil near the moistening crop root of small flow by there being the moisture content of pressure.Slight irrigation is by irrigator and go out streamed difference, mainly contains the forms such as drip irrigation, microspray irrigation, tubelet effluent, infiltrating irrigation.Under blackberry, blueberry rain shelter cultivation condition, the present invention, by micro irrigation method, according to blackberry, blueberry growth and soil regime, supplies moisture in time, reaches the object of high-efficiency water-saving, ensure that blackberry, blueberry high yield and high-quality.
Summary of the invention
One, technical scheme: select booth of taking shelter from rain, detains canopy before blackberry, blueberry fruit maturation, and berry takes off canopy after gathering and terminating; Button canopy is taken shelter from rain period, according to field soil arid situation and blackberry, blueberry to the requirement of moisture, adopts micro irrigation method to irrigate in time, the normal growth of guarantee blackberry, blueberry and solid.The employing of the method, greatly reduces the fruit rot that the blackberry, blueberry fructescence causes because of rainwater, improves the quality and yield of berry, be also conducive to gathering and storing and transporting of orchard worker's fruit, significantly improves the economic benefit of blackberry, blueberry plantation.
Two, particular content: according to technique scheme, the concrete grammar of content of the present invention is as follows.
1, to take shelter from rain the requirement of booth: simple plastic greenhouse or steelframe booth can be adopted.Simple plastic greenhouse utilizes the frame material (concrete stake etc.) of blackberry, blueberry itself to build lew.Adopt two furrow to connect and build a lew, ceiling is circular arc, canopy shoulder height 2.0 ~ 2.2 m, high 2.8 ~ 3.0 m of ceiling, span 4.0 ~ 5.0 m, general ceiling arc bamboo chip or arch steel pipe bar.Steelframe booth is the arch booth adopting plastic foil to cover, and skeleton is steel, galvanized pipe or composite, adopts three furrow to connect and builds a lew, require booth shoulder height 1.8 ~ 2.0 m, rise 3.0 ~ 3.5 m, span 7.0 ~ 8.0 m.
2, detain canopy and take off canopy: detaining the transparent greenhouse film that canopy film selects more than 10 thickness, generally at fruit maturation first about 10 days button canopy time, specifically determine because of the kind maturing stage, precious gloomy (Boysen), rather plant the early-maturing variety such as No. 1 generally at mid or late May button canopy, Hull (Hull), Chester (Chester), card Eva (Kiowa), rather plant the middle-late ripening varieties such as No. 4 generally at early and middle ten days button canopy in June.Take off the canopy time generally to carry out after fruit harvesting terminates, early-maturing variety generally in late June, middle-late ripening variety generally late July ~ at the beginning of 8 months.Take off canopy in time very important, because of blackberry, blueberry fruit harvesting terminate after summer High Temperature just, in fair weather booth, middle and upper part temperature reaches more than 45 DEG C, larger on the tender tip impact of blackberry, blueberry branches and tendrils.
3, micro irrigation method: dropper, microspray irrigation are better.Mainly determine according to soil drought situation after button canopy, as fine in weather, within general about 4 days, irrigate 1 time, within overcast and rainy 6 ~ 8 days, irrigate 1 time, each irrigation quantity 1.5 ~ 2.0kg/ strain, about 30 minutes slight irrigation time, specifically determines because of slight irrigation speed.
4, other cultivation management measures, bind frame as fertilising, weeding, branches and tendrils draw, fruit harvesting are equal to conventional field production.
5, yield and quality: adopt fructescence to take shelter from rain slight irrigation cultivation, compared with outdoor cropping, output increases by more than 10.0%, and fresh fruit soluble solid improves 7.0 ~ 8.5%, and organic acid lowers 8.0 ~ 10.0%, solid sour than increase by more than 15%.As can be seen here, this cultivation method significantly improves the yield and quality of blackberry, blueberry.
advantage of the present invention
The present invention only carries out button canopy in the blackberry, blueberry maturing stage and takes shelter from rain, but not annually detains canopy, not only ensure that the quality and yield of fruit, decreases the harm that booth high temperature causes plant, decrease plant other in vegetative period film to the obstruction of sunlight, rainwater; Rain shelter cultivation is in conjunction with micro irrigation method, and ensure that the normal growth of blackberry, blueberry and solid, and substantially increase efficiency of water application, is an efficient agricultural production measure.This invention is easy to grasp, simple, has extraordinary application prospect.
Embodiment
Embodiment is only exemplary, does not constitute any limitation the present invention.What it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art is when not departing from spirit and scope of the invention, can modify to the details of technical solution of the present invention and form or replace, and these amendments and replacement all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Below in conjunction with concrete case, the present invention is described in further detail, and the blackberry species adopted in case is Hull (Hull) kind of spread.
case study on implementation one: rain shelter cultivation and outdoor cropping comparative trial
This is tested and carried out in 2014, select shoulder height 1.80 m, rise 3.00 m, the steelframe booth of span 7.50 m, before blackberry, blueberry fruit maturation, about 2 weeks (June 5) carries out button canopy and takes shelter from rain, irrigated by micro irrigation method, until fruit harvesting terminates (July 20) take off canopy, period of taking shelter from rain irrigates according to field degree of drought, within general 5 ~ 7 days, irrigates once, each slight irrigation 20 minutes, irrigation quantity is about 1.5kg/ strain.This test contrasts with outdoor cropping, repeats 2 times, often processes 20 strains.Between 6 ~ July in 2014, rainwater is more, and man-made irrigation is not carried out in outdoor cropping.
(1)
the impact that rain shelter cultivation grows blackberry, blueberry.as can be seen from Table 1, blackberry, blueberry by irrigating in time, still has certain influence to dendritic growth under the condition of taking shelter from rain.Compared with outdoor cropping, branch quantity is substantially suitable, but branch length significantly reduces, and average specific outdoor cropping is short by 16.48%.Duration of test rainwater is more, the blackberry, blueberry of outdoor cropping is sufficient due to moisture, grows very fast, although rain shelter cultivation is irrigated in time, better in test initial stage dendritic growth, but the phase after experiment, when weather is fine, the middle and upper part extreme temperatures of lew, even more than 45 DEG C, branch ending is subject to high temperature injury, substantially stops growing, and causes branch length to be significantly shorter than outdoor cropping.But, after off-test, take film off, blackberry, blueberry growth is restored, and because blackberry, blueberry plant strain growth is vigorous, current short-term injury does not affect growth and the result of the blackberry, blueberry second half year and Second Year substantially.
table 1 rain shelter cultivation is on the impact of blackberry, blueberry dendritic growth
(2) impact that rain shelter cultivation is solid on blackberry, blueberry.from table 3, the average strain output of rain shelter cultivation blackberry, blueberry in 2014 exceeds 11.00% of outdoor cropping, Mean Fruit Weight slightly declines (about declining 1.61%), soluble solid (SSC) on average exceeds 7.26%, acidity but reduces 9.56%, Gu acid significantly raises than (soluble solid/total acid), average elevation amplitude reaches 18.56%, and the quality of fruit is improved greatly.
Blackberry, blueberry fruit is ripe successively, in the fruit harvesting phase, within average 2 ~ 3 days, gathers 1 time, and therefore outdoor cropping is under weather conditions overcast and rainy continuously, and fruit can not be gathered in time and rot to come off, and causes production declining.Outdoor cropping is usually due to impact that mellow fruit is drenched with rain, fruit water content is higher, increase to some extent although fruit is heavy, but sugar content can reduce, outdoor cropping often can not wait until that namely fruit full maturity gathers, acid content will be higher, causes fruit mouthfeel to be obviously not so good as the blackberry, blueberry of rain shelter cultivation.
table 2 rain shelter cultivation is on the impact of blackberry, blueberry output and fruit quality
case study on implementation two: rain shelter cultivation Different Irrigation amount is tested
Before blackberry, blueberry maturation, about 2 weeks (June 5), button canopy was taken shelter from rain, and started irrigation tests, until fruit harvesting terminates (July 20) take off canopy.According to field, degree of drought irrigates, and within general 5 ~ 7 days, irrigates once.Test point large, medium and small 3 grade irrigation quantities, repeat 2 times, often process 10 strains.Carry out microspray irrigation when medium irrigation quantity field drought, 3 rank each microspray irrigation times are respectively: 40 minutes, 20 minutes and 10 minutes, and average every strain is poured water about 3.0kg, 1.5kg and 0.75kg at every turn.
(1) rain shelter cultivation Different Irrigation amount impact that blackberry, blueberry is grown.the life in 2 years of blackberry, blueberry overground part, underground part is perennial.The raw branch of base occurs from rhizome portion annual April, and only nourish and grow then, namely the branch of pumping is all vegetative shoot then, does not yield positive results, yields positive results to Second Year.Bud in biennial branch is pumping branch no longer, only forms blade and Hua Sui, will be naturally withered after fruit harvesting terminates, and allows the new year give birth to complicated and confused continued growth, so moves in circles, complete its life course.Therefore, under Different Irrigation condition, the growing state of the annual branch of blackberry, blueberry plant by inquiry, can reflect the impact that irrigation conditions grows blackberry, blueberry.From table 3, Different Irrigation condition is less on the impact of plant branch amount, and on branch length impact greatly, along with the increasing of irrigation quantity, shoot growth amount significantly increases, and arid has a strong impact on the growth of blackberry, blueberry branches and tendrils.Therefore, in the blackberry, blueberry season of growth, when condition is permitted, irrigation quantity should be strengthened as far as possible.
table 3 Different Irrigation condition is on the impact of blackberry, blueberry dendritic growth
(2) impact that rain shelter cultivation Different Irrigation amount is solid on blackberry, blueberry.as shown in Table 4, the average strain output of 3 kinds of irrigation levels is respectively 0.76kg, 4.34kg and 5.02kg, and difference reaches significance level, and the output of each 10 minutes irrigation quantities only has 15.34% of 40 minutes irrigation quantities; Mean Fruit Weight is respectively 5.22g, 6.12g and 6.34g, and difference also reaches significance level, and the Mean Fruit Weight of 10 minutes irrigation quantities is 82.33% of 40 minutes irrigation quantities.Arid causes most fruit shrivelled, can not be ripe.Relatively little on the impact of ripening fruits quality, from table 2, soluble solid, when arid, also slightly increases, but increases not remarkable; There is significant difference in total acid, within 10 minutes, irrigation quantity is significantly lower than 20 minutes and 40 minutes irrigation quantities, and the solid acid of fruit is than significantly increasing, and namely arid significantly improves " sugariness " of fruit.
table 4 Different Irrigation condition is on the impact of blackberry, blueberry output and fruit quality
Claims (7)
1. a blackberry, blueberry is taken shelter from rain the method for slight irrigation facility cultivation, it is characterized in that selecting simple plastic greenhouse or steelframe booth, before blackberry, blueberry fruit maturation, carry out button canopy, fruit harvesting terminates to take off canopy in time afterwards, adopt micro irrigation method during button canopy, irrigate in time according to field arid situation.
2. simple plastic greenhouse utilizes the frame material (concrete stake etc.) of blackberry, blueberry itself to build lew according to claim 1, adopt two furrow to connect and build a lew, ceiling is circular arc, canopy shoulder height 2.0 ~ 2.2 m, high 2.8 ~ 3.0 m of ceiling, span 4.0 ~ 5.0 m, general ceiling arc bamboo chip or arch steel pipe bar.
3. steelframe booth is the arch booth adopting plastic foil to cover according to claim 1, and skeleton is steel, galvanized pipe or composite, adopts three furrow to connect and builds a lew, require booth shoulder height 1.8 ~ 2.0 m, rise 3.0 ~ 3.5 m, span 7.0 ~ 8.0 m.
4. detain the transparent greenhouse film that canopy film selects more than 10 thickness according to claim 1, generally at fruit maturation first about 10 days button canopy time, specifically determine early-maturing variety because of the kind maturing stage generally at mid or late May button canopy, middle-late ripening variety is generally at early and middle ten days button canopy in June.
5. take off canopy according to claim 1 to carry out after fruit harvesting terminates, early-maturing variety generally in late June, middle-late ripening variety generally late July ~ at the beginning of 8 months, taking off canopy needs in time.
6. slight irrigation is better with dropper and microspray irrigation according to claim 1, and weather is fine, within general about 4 days, irrigates 1 time, and within overcast and rainy 6 ~ 8 days, irrigate 1 time, each irrigation quantity 1.5 ~ 2.0kg/ strain, about 30 minutes slight irrigation time, specifically determines because of slight irrigation speed.
7. blackberry, blueberry is taken shelter from rain the method for slight irrigation facility cultivation according to claim 1, and compared with outdoor cropping, fresh pod yield increases by more than 10.0%, and soluble solid improves 7.0 ~ 8.5%, and organic acid lowers 8.0 ~ 10.0%, solid sour than increase by more than 15%.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109328812A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2019-02-15 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | A method of improving shaddock sugar and its quality |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109328812A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2019-02-15 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | A method of improving shaddock sugar and its quality |
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Application publication date: 20150422 |