CN104488570A - Early-fruiting and high-yield cultivation technique for sweet cherries in south - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is an early-fruiting and high-yield cultivation technique for sweet cherries in the south. The technique is characterized in that manchu cherries more than ten years old in south mountain forests are directly dug from the mountain forests and are planted in an orchard, and sweet cherry cultivars suitable for growing in the south are grafted onto the manchu cherries. The technique includes the specific steps of (1) soil preparation and planting pit digging in the orchard, (2) digging of the manchu cherry as stocks, (3) planting of the manchu cherries, (4) grafting of the sweat cherries and (5) culture management. The abundant manchu cherries (or known as wild cherries belonging to Chinese cherries with the varieties of sweet cherries, sour cherries and Nanking cherries) in the south mountain forests are taken as resources for direct grafting of the sweet cherries, and the cultivation technique is simple and easy to operate while the grafted cherries grow fast and fruit early. Practice by applicants proves that the grafted cherries blossom and fruit with only three years, more than seven years of time is saved, the requirement for high-yield tree crowns can be met, high yield and good harvest are realized, and planting the sweet cherries in the south comes true.

Description

Sweet cherry south early fruiting and high yield culture technique

Technical field

The present invention relates to fruit cultivation field, specifically, be to provide and a kind ofly sweet cherry introduced a fine variety to the early fruiting and high yield culture technique behind south.

Background technology

Sweet cherry is large cherry again, and after introducing a fine variety south, growing way is weak, and result is slow, from cultivation seedling to yield positive results generally all to take and just can yield positive results for more than 10 years.South is caused not have the establishing in large scale of sweet cherry.The sweet cherry that present southern market is sold is all that north fortune is come, early stage is all that booth is produced, expensive, taste deviation, outdoor cropping Time To Market evening, mostly will at the end of May after, can then can go on the market to late April ahead of time in south in outdoor cropping success, so both reduce production cost, improve cherry quality, and a month Time To Market is done sth. in advance in comparable northern outdoor cropping, also provide a way to become rich to southern fruit plantation family.Sweet cherry has two technological difficulties to constrain it at southern cultivation development after introducing a fine variety south: one is take within more than 10 years, just can reach maturity, just can yield positive results; Two is that seedling cultivation growing way behind south is very weak, forms high yield tree crown slowly, more than 6 years.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to solve the problems of the prior art, a kind of sweet cherry south early fruiting and high yield culture technique is provided.

Technical scheme of the present invention: a kind ofly sweet cherry is introduced a fine variety to the early fruiting and high yield culture technique behind south, method is that directly in mountain forest, excavate 10 years above downy cherry fruits of life in southern mountain forest is colonizated in orchard, grafting is simultaneously suitable for the sweet cherry variety of south growth, and concrete steps comprise:

(1) planting pit is dug in orchard wholely: show soil and cubsoil pile up separately when digging cave, to show at the bottom of soil and Pi Tufang cave, mountain when banketing, then lamination is divided to be embedded with machine thing, one deck forage one deck soil, suitably spread a little lime, upper strata execute in cake fertilizer, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and barnyard manure one or more, and fully to mix thoroughly with soil, then make knoll;

(2) excavate downy cherry fruit and do stock: after annual downy cherry fruit fallen leaves, select more than life in 10 years to select the downy cherry fruit of more than diameter 10cm in other words to next year downy cherry fruit rudiment advance mountain forest, note few injury downy cherry fruit tree root when excavating, stay 50-100cm trunk to take back;

(3) field planting downy cherry fruit: first put in people cave by excavating the downy cherry fruit of returning during field planting, again the table soil being mixed with decomposed manure is filled out people's root, the Bian Shugen while banket, after the full root of earth mulch, nursery stock is rocked slightly, mentions gently, root is unfolded, and root and soil are combined closely, then continue having peace of mind of banketing; After field planting downy cherry fruit, the earth culture of surrounding is become slightly high, the middle slightly low disk of outer rim, water sufficient normal root water, then cover straw or weeds;

(4) grafting sweet cherry: the sweet cherry variety selecting the cultivation of suitable south, overhead 15-30cm flat sawing trunk graft, the process of saw kerf application preservative, first 10 days of sweet cherry rudiment or budding period grafting;

(5) cultivating and managing: the rudiment of irregularly erasing on stock, has the local staking protection of strong wind, repeatedly pinching, fertilising.

The present invention to adopt in southern mountain forest abundant downy cherry fruit (or cry wild cherry, belong to cherry, kind has sweet cherry, sour cherry and Nanking cherry) the direct grafting sweet cherry of resource, and cultivation method is simple, easily operates, growing way fast, result morning after grafting.Applicant is through facts have proved: only need just can yield positive results for 3 years, save more than 7 years time, and can reach the tree crown requirement of high yield, realizes high yield good harvest, the south of sweet cherry is planted and becomes a reality.

Embodiment

(1) planting pit is dug in orchard wholely: do consolidation well according to orchard planning and design, seeding row spacing can select 3 ~ 4x5 rice, the large cave of length and width dark 1x1x0.8 rice is dug on the field planting of having surveyed is selected, soil and cubsoil pile up separately is shown when digging cave, to show at the bottom of soil and Pi Tufang cave, mountain when banketing, then divide lamination to be embedded with machine thing (available green manure, weeds, straw, rubbish etc.), one deck forage, one deck soil, suitably spreads a little lime.Cake fertilizer, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, barnyard manure etc. should be executed in upper strata, and fully mix thoroughly with soil, then make the knoll that 20 ~ 30cm is high.Require lower large fertile, namely under every cave, forage 2 is carried on a shoulder pole, and farmyard manure 2 is carried on a shoulder pole, 1.5 ~ 2.5 kilograms, cake fertilizer, 1 ~ 1.5 kilogram, calcium magnesium phosphorus, 1 ~ 1.5 kilogram, lime.

(2) excavate downy cherry fruit and do stock: after annual downy cherry fruit fallen leaves, select more than life in 10 years to select the downy cherry fruit of more than diameter 10cm in other words to next year downy cherry fruit rudiment advance mountain forest.Note few injury downy cherry fruit tree root when excavating, stay 50-100cm trunk to take back, survive because downy cherry fruit is easy to plant, native ball can not be with.

(3) field planting downy cherry fruit: first put excavating the downy cherry fruit of returning in people cave during field planting, then the table soil being mixed with decomposed manure is filled out people's root, while the Bian Shugen that bankets.After the full root of earth mulch, nursery stock is rocked slightly, mentions gently, root is unfolded, and root and soil are combined closely.Then having peace of mind of banketing is continued.If with native ball, directly put into cave, water after banketing, attention can not by loose for native ball pressure.After field planting downy cherry fruit, the earth culture of surrounding is become slightly high, the middle slightly low disk of outer rim, water sufficient normal root water, then cover straw or weeds.After field planting, fine day is per week waters once, and cloudy two weeks waters once, until survive.

(4) grafting sweet cherry: the sweet cherry variety one, first selecting the cultivation of suitable south, southern outdoor cropping sweet cherry main advantage is listing ahead of time; Two, be secondly that later stage southern high-temperature high humidity is not suitable for sweet cherry growth, therefore should select Early-mid ripening kind, as red light etc.; Three, grafting period, first 10 days of sweet cherry rudiment and budding period are suitable grafting periods, greatly about annual mid or late Febuary; Four, grafting height, because of wild downy cherry fruit, all trunk is higher is not suitable for bull grafting, can only be direct grafting on trunk, overhead 15-30cm flat sawing trunk graft, the process of saw kerf application preservative; Five, grafting method, scion grafting, bud grafting can, but with scion grafting as well.

(5) cultivating and managing after sweet cherry grafting:, be first the rudiment of irregularly erasing on stock, has had and will erase; Two, have strong wind local, answer staking to protect after sweet cherry young sprout sends, Anti-blow-open breaks; Three, repeatedly pinching, for forming tree crown as early as possible, inspires repeatedly branch, when young sprout grows to certain length will pinching, trunk, major branch elongated shoot stay 50cm pinching, side shoot 30cm pinching, constantly so repeatedly pluck, until young sprout stops growing; Four, applying fertilizer, for ensureing that the rich water of young sprout growth needs, within every about 15 days, executing an instant nitrogenousfertilizer, until young sprout stops growing at young sprout growing period.

Manage by above way the tree structure that 2 years just can form high yield, within the 3rd year, just can have higher output, within the 4th year, enter high yield period, realize sweet cherry south high-yield culturing.

Claims (1)

1. sweet cherry is introduced a fine variety to the early fruiting and high yield culture technique behind south, it is characterized in that, in mountain forest, directly excavate 10 years above downy cherry fruits of life in southern mountain forest be colonizated in orchard, grafting is simultaneously suitable for the sweet cherry variety of south growth, and concrete steps comprise:

(1) planting pit is dug in orchard wholely: show soil and cubsoil pile up separately when digging cave, to show at the bottom of soil and Pi Tufang cave, mountain when banketing, then lamination is divided to be embedded with machine thing, one deck forage one deck soil, suitably spread a little lime, upper strata execute in cake fertilizer, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and barnyard manure one or more, and fully to mix thoroughly with soil, then make knoll;

(2) excavate downy cherry fruit and do stock: after annual downy cherry fruit fallen leaves, select more than life in 10 years to select the downy cherry fruit of more than diameter 10cm in other words to next year downy cherry fruit rudiment advance mountain forest, note few injury downy cherry fruit tree root when excavating, stay 50-100cm trunk to take back;

(3) field planting downy cherry fruit: first put in people cave by excavating the downy cherry fruit of returning during field planting, again the table soil being mixed with decomposed manure is filled out people's root, the Bian Shugen while banket, after the full root of earth mulch, nursery stock is rocked slightly, mentions gently, root is unfolded, and root and soil are combined closely, then continue having peace of mind of banketing; After field planting downy cherry fruit, the earth culture of surrounding is become slightly high, the middle slightly low disk of outer rim, water sufficient normal root water, then cover straw or weeds;

(4) grafting sweet cherry: the sweet cherry variety selecting the cultivation of suitable south, overhead 15-30cm flat sawing trunk graft, the process of saw kerf application preservative, first 10 days of sweet cherry rudiment or budding period grafting;

(5) cultivating and managing: the rudiment of irregularly erasing on stock, has the local staking protection of strong wind, repeatedly pinching, fertilising.