CN104483771B - 一种tft阵列基板、显示面板及显示装置 - Google Patents

一种tft阵列基板、显示面板及显示装置 Download PDF

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CN104483771B
CN104483771B CN201410587276.4A CN201410587276A CN104483771B CN 104483771 B CN104483771 B CN 104483771B CN 201410587276 A CN201410587276 A CN 201410587276A CN 104483771 B CN104483771 B CN 104483771B
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capacitance electrode
electric capacity
array substrate
tft array
electrode
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CN104483771A (zh
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金慧俊
李岩松
王苗苗
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Tianma Microelectronics Co Ltd
Shanghai AVIC Optoelectronics Co Ltd
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Tianma Microelectronics Co Ltd
Shanghai AVIC Optoelectronics Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种TFT阵列基板、显示面板及显示装置,通过将栅极驱动电路区的电容设置在TFT晶体管所形成的留空区中,也就是将电容设置在TFT晶体管相互间形成的间隙中,这样的话可以充分利用栅极驱动电路区的面积,使得栅极驱动电路面积使用率提高,减少了原有的电容所需要占用的面积。由于使得栅极驱动电路区位于显示区的外围区域面积较小,从而可以实现窄边框。

Description

一种TFT阵列基板、显示面板及显示装置
技术领域
本发明涉及液晶显示技术领域,尤其涉及一种TFT阵列基板、显示面板及显示装置。
背景技术
目前来说,为了实现显示产品的轻薄化,在显示面板的扫描驱动电路的设计上,一般会采用阵列基板行驱动(Gate Driver on Array,GOA)技术即将栅极开关电路集成在阵列基板上形成对显示面板的逐行扫描驱动,从而替代原先的单独的栅极驱动集成电路部分的设计。位于阵列基板上的非晶硅栅极驱动电路(a-SiShift Register,简称栅极驱动电路)一般设置在显示区的一侧或者两侧,会占用显示面板的边框区域的较大面积,而目前显示产品的主流设计是要求尽量减少边框区域的面积。
如图1所示,图1为栅极驱动电路1000中各个部件布局的示意图。一般来说,栅极驱动电路1000包括ASG Bus走线111、ASG电容112及ASG TFT器件113,现有技术中,ASG电容112所包括两块电极板,通常采用的是栅极金属层112b和源/漏极金属层112a。但是由于栅极金属层112b或源漏极金属层112a一般是有不透光的材料制成,故这种不透光的ASG电容112会影响显示面板边框的透过率,在紫外光照射固化封框胶时,由于ASG电容区域不透光,从而使得封框胶固化不良。如图2所示,为了解决上述问题,目前有将ASG电容112区域进行镂空设计,即在栅极金属层112b和源/漏极金属层112a上设有狭长的开口,使得光线能够透光,虽然使透光率上升,在为了保证ASG电容112的电容量,必须增加两电极板的相对面积,如此就会浪费栅极驱动电路1000面积,不利于实现窄边框。另外,还有通过将阵列基板上的ITO(铟锡氧化物)层来充当ASG电容的两个电极板,虽然ITO层的为透明导电材料,可以提供显示面板的透光率,但是由于ITO层的存在,依然存在封框胶固化不良的问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明的目的是提供一种TFT阵列基板、显示面板及显示装置。
根据本发明的一个示范性的实施例,提供一种TFT阵列基板,包括:一基板,所述基板上设有显示区,栅极驱动电路区;
所述显示区包括有沿第一方向延伸的多个数据线和沿第二方向延伸且与所述数据线交叉绝缘的多个扫描线;
所述栅极驱动电路区包括至少一第一电容、多个TFT晶体管;
所述多个TFT晶体管相互分离设置,并形成留空区;
所述第一电容设置于所述留空区。
根据本发明的一个示范性的实施例,提供一种显示面板,包括上述的TFT阵列基板、彩膜基板及位于两者之间的显示介质层。
根据本发明的一个示范性的实施例,提供一种显示装置,包括上述的显示面板。
通过上述技术方案,本发明公开了一种TFT阵列基板、显示面板及显示装置,通过将栅极驱动电路区的电容设置在TFT晶体管所形成的留空区中,也就是电容设置在TFT晶体管相互间形成的间隙中,这样的话可以充分利用栅极驱动电路区的面积,使得栅极驱动电路面积使用率提高,减少了原有的电容所需要占用的面积。由于栅极驱动电路区位于显示区的外围区域面积较小,从而可以实现窄边框。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为现有技术中公开的一栅极驱动电路区示意图;
图2为现有技术中公开的又一栅极驱动电路区示意图;
图3为本发明实施例中公开的一TFT阵列基板示意图;
图4为本发明实施例中公开的一栅极驱动电路区示意图;
图5为本发明实施例中公开的又一栅极驱动电路区示意图;
图6为图4沿AA线的剖面图;
图7为本发明实施例公开的一栅极驱动电路区的等效电路图;
图8为本发明实施例公开的一栅极驱动电路区中的换线结构示意图;
图9为图8中沿BB线的剖面图;
图10为图8中第一电容的等效电路图;
图11为本发明实施例中公开的第一电容的一结构示意图;
图12为本发明实施例中公开的第一电容的又一结构示意图;
图13为本发明实施例中公开的第一电容的再一结构示意图;
图14为图11中第一电容的等效电路图;
图15为图12中第一电容的等效电路图;
图16为图13中第一电容的等效电路图;
图17为本发明实施例中公开的一显示面板示意图;
图18为本发明实施例中公开的一显示装置示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
附图中各器件的形状和大小不反映其真实比例,目的只是示意说明本发明内容。
如图3-图16所示,本发明公开了一种TFT阵列基板,包括:一基板,在基板上设有显示区101和位于显示区101外围区域的栅极驱动电路区100,图3中示出的栅极驱动电路100是位于显示区101外围区域的两侧,但不限于此,可以根据具体的面板设计,栅极驱动电路也可以仅设置在显示区101外围区域的某一侧。在显示区101中包括沿着沿第一方向延伸的多个数据线(图中未示出)和沿第二方向延伸且与所述数据线交叉绝缘的多个扫描线(图中未示出),其中数据线是由数据线金属层图案化形成,扫描线是有栅极金属层图案化形成,一般的来说,TFT阵列基板上较多的采用底栅结构,即对于阵列基板上的TFT器件中的由栅极金属层形成的栅极是位于底层的,由数据线金属层形成的源漏极是位于栅极之上,本实施例中是以TFT为底栅结构而阐述的,但不限于此。
如图4-6所示,其中图4-5为图3中栅极驱动电路区100的放大示意图,图6为图4中沿AA虚线部分的剖面图。具体来说,在栅极驱动电路区100至少包括一第一电容12、多个TFT晶体管13及共通BUS走线11。其中第一电容12通常情况下为平行板电容,即包括至少两个电容电极,即第一电容电极12b、和位于第一电容电极12b至上且相互电性绝缘的第二电容电极12a,两者形成平行板电容器。对于平行板电容器而言,两个电极之间的间距为电容大小的重要参数,在本实施例中对于第一电容12而言,第一电容电极12b和第二电容电极12a之间的间距可以通过绝缘层15b来调节,在本技术领域可行范围内均可。
继续参考图4-6,在ASG驱动电路中,一般会根据电路的结构会包括多个相互分离设置的TFT晶体管13来实现不同的控制功能,一般来说,TFT晶体管13主要包括栅极13a、源/漏极13b(由于源极、漏极两者可以互换,故在本发明中不区分,通称源/漏极)和半导体层13c(可以是非晶硅材料,如a-Si形成)。由于每个TFT晶体管13都是分离设置的,故留空区14。具体如图4、5所示,当多个TFT晶体管14布置在基板上时任一两个相邻的TFT晶体管13之间会形成如图4和图5中椭圆形线圈出的多个间隙。其中间隙包括由上下相邻的两个TFT晶体管之间形成近似横向间隙14a、由左右相邻的两个TFT晶体管之间形成近似纵向间隙14b从而构成了留空区14。由于空留区14会占用栅极驱动电路区100的不少面积,且此部分面积无其他的用处,会造成对栅极驱动电路区100的无效面积增加,使得栅极驱动电路区总面积上升,即栅极驱动电路区位于显示区的外围区域面积较大,很难实现窄边框设计。为了解决这一问题,本发明中提出将所述第一电容12设置于所述留空区14中,从而节省了第一电容12在栅极驱动电路区100所占用的布置面积。
以下对第一电容12的布置进行详细阐述,继续参考图4-6:
如图4、5所示,由于留空区14包括多个近似横向间隙14a(图中椭圆线圈部分)和近似纵向间隙14b(图中椭圆线圈部分),第一电容12的第一电容电极12b和第二电容电极12a被布置在近似横向间隙14a、近似纵向间隙14b处,覆盖TFT晶体管13相互之间形成的间隙,电容电极与间隙的形成基本一致,也就是说,第一电容电极12b、二电容电极12a的图案化形状与间隙的形状,至少部分相同。当然,由于第一电容12形成的平行板电容器,则第一电容电极12b和二电容电极12a的图案化形状基板是一致的,当然两者的大小可以不一致,如位于下层的第一电容电极12b可以比二电容电极12a大些,或在同一横截面积位置上,第一电容电极12b的宽度大于二电容电极12a的宽度。
参考图6所示,当第一电容12的第一电容电极12b、第二电容电极12a设置在留空区14中,需要注意的是,第一电容电极12b和二电容电极12a在基板上的正投影不能与TFT晶体管13的半导体层13c有重叠,也就是说第一电容电极12b和二电容电极12a的宽度最大为相邻的两个TFT晶体管13中半导体层13c之间的间距D,即第一电容电极12b和二电容电极12a最大有效宽度为D。其中,有效宽度,是指实际产生电容的宽度。当第一电容电极12b和第二电容电极12a为最大有效宽度时,第一电容12会完全覆盖空留区14,第一电容12的形状与间隙的形状基本一致,并且可能会宽于间隙的宽度。
举例来说,两个相邻的TFT晶体管13中的栅极13a之间的间隙一般为10μm以上,而两个半导体层13c之间的距离D一般在在20μm左右即对应间隙的宽度,而TFT晶体管13的长度约为300μm即对应间隙的长度,那么任一左右相邻的TFT晶体管13之间形成的间隙的面积约为6000μm2;而一个第一电容12实际布线面积约为10000μm2左右,再加上其他相邻的TFT晶体管13之间的间隙,如果能够完全可以容纳第一电容12,这样就可以实现第一电容12布置在空留区14中,从而不需要原有的第一电容所要占用的布线空间,节省了栅极驱动电路的在基板上占用的面积。
继续参考图6,第一电容电极12与数据线金属层(其中源/漏极13b由数据线金属层形成)之间设有第一非导电介质层15a,其中非导电介质层需要为比较厚,其原因是:当位于电介质层15a上下两侧的数据线金属层的走线与第一电容电极12在俯视图面内存在交叠,那么第一电容电极12与数据线金属层的走线之间的耦合电容很小,不足以影响栅极驱动电路工作。另外,第一非导电介质层15a可以为钝化层或有机膜层,厚度为0.8-5μm,优选地为1-3μm。
如图7-10所示,对于第一电容12而言,其中第一电容电极12b和第二电容电极12a分别通过过孔结构连接至第一电位V1、第二电位V2。具体来说,在本实施例中,以图7中的栅极驱动电路示意图来阐述,但不限于此。图7示出的栅极驱动电路包括9个TFT晶体管和2个电容,实现对显示面板的驱动。以其中的电容C1为例,即相对于第一电容12,对其的电位连接关系进行描述。具体为:由图7可知,第一电容C1一端电连接至时钟信号端CK1,另一端电连接至下拉信号端Q。可认为在时钟信号端CK1提供第一电位V1,在下拉信号端Q提供第二电位V2。由于时钟信号端CK1所传输的电压信号(即第一电位V1)是从栅极驱动电路中的共通BUS走线11通过第一换线结构K1跨过其他信号线传输至第一电容电极12b;下拉信号端Q(Pull Down)是同时连接一只TFT晶体管的栅极和另一只TFT晶体管的源/漏极,如图7中下拉信号端Q同时连接TFT晶体管T6的栅极和TFT晶体管T6源/漏极,故必定存在第二换线结构K2,通过第二换线结构K2将第二电位V2连接至第二电容电极12a。
以下图8-10,其中图8为换线结构的示意图,图9是图8沿BB线的剖面示意图,图10为第一电容12的等效电路图,对换线结构进行详细阐述:
第一电容电极12b通过第一换线结构K1(图8、9中椭圆形虚线框内)连接至第一电位V1,具体来说,通过一换线结构K1通过过孔K11暴露出第一电容电极12b;过孔K12暴露出数据线金属层;过孔K13暴露出扫描线金属层,并通过第一连接层K14实现第一电容电极12b、数据线金属层和扫描线金属层相互间的电连接,最终将共通BUS走线11上的第一电压V1传输至第一电容电极12b。当然共通BUS走线11是位于扫描线金属层的,另外,第一连接层K14与第二电极电容12a可以为同层、相同材料形成,可以为透明导电材料如ITO(铟锡氧化物)、IZO(铟锌氧化物)等,当然由金属材料形成也可以。
第二电容电极12a通过第一换线结构K2(图8、9中椭圆形虚线框内)连接至第一电位V2,具体来说,通过一换线结构K2通过过孔K22暴露出数据线金属层;过孔K21暴露出扫描线金属层,并通过第二连接层K24实现第二电容电极12a、数据线金属层和扫描线金属层相互间的电连接,最终将扫描线金属层上的第二电压V2传输至第二电容电极12a。另外,第二连接层K24与第二电极电容12a为同层相同材料形成,可以为透明导电材料如ITO、IZO等,当然由金属材料形成也可以。
以上的过孔结构仅仅是本发明的一种实施方式,由于过孔结构的设计根据阵列基板上的其他器件的设计,可以有很多种变形,只有能够实现将第一电位V1、第二电位V2分别电连接至第一电容电极12b、第二电容电极12a都是可行的。在此不做过多赘述,也不限于此。
作为本发明一个较为优选的实施方式,在阵列基板的显示区包括有第一透明导电电极(图中未示)、第二透明导电电极(图中未示),第一电容电极12b与所述第一透明导电电极为同种材料形成且同层设置;第二电容电极12a与所述第二透明电极同种材料形成且同层设置。如此的结构,就是通过在阵列基板上形成的透明导电层,同时形成显示区的透明导电电极和栅极驱动电路区的电容,工艺简单,节约成本。当然,位于栅极驱动电路区的第一电容可以通过其他金属层来实现,在此不限制。
作为本发明的另一实施方式,第一电容还包括位于所述第二电容电极之上的且相互电绝缘的第三电容电极,且第三电容电极与第一电容电极电连接;或第三电容电极与第二电容电极电连接。具体以第三电容电极与第一电容电极电连接来进行阐述:
如图11所示,第一电容12除包括第一电容电极12b、第二电容电极12a外,还包括位于第二电容电极12a至上的第三电容电极16a,且两者之间通过绝缘层15c电性绝缘。另外,由于第一电容12为平行板电容器,第二电容电极12a和第三电容电极16a之间的间距可以通过绝缘层15c来调节,在本技术领域可行范围内均可。同时,第三电容电极16a与第一电容电极12b通过过孔17a实现电连接,即第三电容电极16a与第一电容电极12b电位相等,都是电连接至第一电位V1上,故两者之间不形成电容。
参考图11和图14,其中图14为图11中第一电容12的等效电路示意图,由于第一电容12包括三个电容电极,其中第一电容电极12b和第二电容电极12a之间形成电容C11、第二电容电极12a和第三电容电极16a之间形成电容C12。也就是说,第一电容12是由电容C11和电容C12并联得到,如图14所示。如此,使得第一电容12的电容量增加,可以降低电容电极的面积,从而减小第一电容在ASG电容区域所占用的面积,节省空间。
在上述实施例的基础上,本发明还公开了另一实施方式,第一电容还包括位于第三电容电极之上的且相互电绝缘的第四电容电极,且所述第四电容电极与所述第一电容电极电连接;所述第三电容电极与所述第二电容电极电连接。或者,所述第四电容电极与所述第二电容电极电连接;所述第三电容电极与所述第一电容电极电连接。
以下进行详细阐述,如图12和图15所示,在第一电容12中,第四电容电极16b与第一电容电极12b电连接且第三电容电极16a与第二电容电极12a电连接。
具体来说,第一电容12除包括第一电容电极12b、第二电容电极12a、第三电容电极16a外,还包括位于第三电容电极16a至上的第四电容电极16b,且两者之间通过绝缘层15d电性绝缘。另外,由于第一电容12为平行板电容器,第三电容电极16a和第四电容电极16b之间的间距可以通过绝缘层15d来调节,在本技术领域可行范围内均可。同时,第三电容电极16a与第二电容电极12b通过过孔17a实现电连接;第四电容电极16b与第一电容电极12a通过过孔17b实现电连接。即第三电容电极16a与第一电容电极12b电位相等,都是电连接至第一电位V1上,故两者之间不形成电容;第四电容电极16b与第一电容电极12a电位相等,都是电连接至第一电位V2上,故两者之间不形成电容。
参考图12和图15,其中图15为图11中第一电容12的等效电路示意图,由于第一电容12包括四个电容电极,其中第一电容电极12b和第二电容电极12a之间形成电容C11、第三电容电极16a和第四电容电极16b之间形成电容C22。也就是说,第一电容12是由电容C11和电容C22并联得到,如图15所示。如此,使得第一电容12的电容量增加,可以降低电容电极的面积,从而减小第一电容在ASG电容区域所占用的面积,节省空间。
作为另一实施方式,具体如如图13和图16所示,在第一电容12中,第四电容电极16b与第二电容电极12a电连接且第三电容电极16a与第一电容电极12b电连接。
具体来说,第一电容12除包括第一电容电极12b、第二电容电极12a、第三电容电极16a外,还包括位于第三电容电极16a至上的第四电容电极16b,且两者之间通过绝缘层15d电性绝缘。另外,由于第一电容12为平行板电容器,第三电容电极16a和第四电容电极16b之间的间距可以通过绝缘层15d来调节,在本技术领域可行范围内均可。同时,第三电容电极16a与第一电容电极12b通过过孔17c实现电连接;第四电容电极16b与第二电容电极12b通过过孔17d实现电连接。即第三电容电极16a与第二电容电极12a电位相等,都是电连接至第一电位V1上,故两者之间不形成电容;第四电容电极16b与第二电容电极12b电位相等,都是电连接至第一电位V2上,故两者之间不形成电容。
参考图13和图16,其中图16为图11中第一电容12的等效电路示意图,由于第一电容12包括四个电容电极,其中第一电容电极12b和第二电容电极12a之间形成电容C11、第三电容电极16a和第四电容电极16b之间形成电容C22、第三电极电容16a和第二电容电极12a之间形成电容C12。也就是说,第一电容12是由电容C11、电容C12和电容C22并联得到,如图16所示。如此,使得第一电容12的电容量增加,可以降低电容电极的面积,从而减小第一电容12在栅极驱动电路区所占用的面积,节省空间。
另外,在上述的实施方式中,第一、二、三、四电容电极为金属材料或透明金属氧化物材料。其中当第一电容电极12b、第二电容电极12a可以是与显示区的透明导电电极为相同材料形成且位于同层,第三电容电极16a、第四电容电极16b为可以为透明导电材料,如透明金属氧化物材料,如ITO、IZO等,这样四个电容电极为同种材料形成,可以简化工艺步骤,当然,三电容电极16a、第四电容电极16b可以由金属材料形成,对于电容电极的形成材料,在此不做任何限制。
如图17所示,本发明还公开一种显示面板10,包括上述的TFT阵列基板10b、彩膜基板10c及位于两者之间的显示介质层10a。
如图18所示,本发明还公开一种显示装置1,包括上述的显示面板10。该显示装置可以为:手机、平板电脑、电视机、显示器、笔记本电脑、数码相框、导航仪等任何具有显示功能的产品或部件。该显示装置的实施可以参见上述液晶显示面板的实施例,重复之处不再赘述。
本说明书中各个部分采用递进的方式描述,每个部分重点说明的都是与其他部分的不同之处,各个部分之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (19)

1.一种TFT阵列基板,包括:一基板,所述基板上设有显示区,栅极驱动电路区;
所述显示区包括有沿第一方向延伸的多个数据线和沿第二方向延伸且与所述数据线交叉绝缘的多个扫描线;
所述栅极驱动电路区包括至少一第一电容、多个TFT晶体管;
所述多个TFT晶体管相互分离设置,并形成留空区;
所述第一电容设置于所述留空区;
所述留空区包括任一两个相邻的TFT晶体管之间形成的间隙。
2.如权利要求1所述的TFT阵列基板,其特征在于,所述第一电容至少包括第一电容电极及位于所述第一电容电极之上的且相互电绝缘的第二电容电极,所述第一、二电容电极的图案化形状与所述间隙的形状至少部分相同。
3.如权利要求2所述的TFT阵列基板,其特征在于,所述第一电容电极电连接至第一电位、所述第二电容电极连接至第二电位。
4.如权利要求3所述的TFT阵列基板,其特征在于,所述栅极驱动电路区还包括至少一暴露出数据线金属层、扫描线金属层和所述第一电容电极的第一换线结构;所述第一电容电极通过所述第一换线结构电连接所述第一电位。
5.如权利要求4所述TFT阵列基板,其特征在于,所述栅极驱动电路区还包括至少一暴露出所述数据线金属层、所述扫描线金属层的第二换线结构;所述第二电容电极通过所述第二换线结构电连接所述第二电位。
6.如权利要求3所述的TFT阵列基板,其特征在于,所述第一电容还包括位于所述第二电容电极之上的且相互电绝缘的第三电容电极。
7.如权利要求6所述的TFT阵列基板,其特征在于,所述第三电容电极与所述第一电容电极电连接;或所述第三电容电极与所述第二电容电极电连接。
8.如权利要求6所述的TFT阵列基板,其特征在于,所述第一电容还包括位于所述第三电容电极之上的且相互电绝缘的第四电容电极。
9.如权利要求8所述的TFT阵列基板,其特征在于,所述第四电容电极与所述第一电容电极电连接;所述第三电容电极与所述第二电容电极电连接。
10.如权利要求8所述的TFT阵列基板,其特征在于,所述第四电容电极与所述第二电容电极电连接;所述第三电容电极与所述第一电容电极电连接。
11.如权利要求8所述的TFT阵列基板,其特征在于,所述第三、四电容电极的图案化形状与所述间隙的形状至少部分相同。
12.如权利要求8所述的TFT阵列基板,其特征在于,所述第一、二、三、四电容电极任一相邻的两者之间设有绝缘层。
13.如权利要求2所述的TFT阵列基板,其特征在于,所述第一电容电极与数据线金属层之间设有第一非导电介质层。
14.如权利要求13所述的TFT阵列基板,其特征在于,所述第一非导电介质层为钝化层或有机膜层。
15.如权利要求14所述的TFT阵列基板,其特征在于,所述有机膜层的厚度为0.8-5μm;钝化层的厚度为0.8-5μm。
16.如权利要求2所述的TFT阵列基板,其特征在于,所述显示区包括有第一透明导电电极、第二透明导电电极;所述第一电容电极与所述第一透明导电电极为同种材料形成且同层设置;所述第二电容电极与所述第二透明电极同种材料形成且同层设置。
17.如权利要求8所述的TFT阵列基板,其特征在于,所述第一、二、三、四电容电极为金属材料或透明金属氧化物材料。
18.一种显示面板,包括如权利要求1-17任一所述的TFT阵列基板、彩膜基板及位于两者之间的显示介质层。
19.一种显示装置,包括如权利要求18所述的显示面板。
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