CN1044696C - 电池供电车辆用的电池更换系统 - Google Patents

电池供电车辆用的电池更换系统 Download PDF

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CN1044696C
CN1044696C CN95116555A CN95116555A CN1044696C CN 1044696 C CN1044696 C CN 1044696C CN 95116555 A CN95116555 A CN 95116555A CN 95116555 A CN95116555 A CN 95116555A CN 1044696 C CN1044696 C CN 1044696C
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戴维·M·克朗奇
弗雷迪·D·博伊德
迈克尔·J·库克
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Abstract

本发明意在提供一种提升装置,它有可选择地绕一水平轴线转动的主支承构架和用枢接销连接在主支承构架上的接合臂,接合臂包括有接合面。本枢接提升装置在该物品自其安放位置移开之前可使整个接合表面与物品接触。

Description

电池供电车辆用的电池更换系统
本发明概括地说涉及电池供电车辆用的电池更换系统,特别是涉及具有主体车架和装于其上的电池托架的地下矿用电动车辆的电池更换系统。
电池供电的低架矿井用车辆,例如铲斗车、绞车、设备运输车等在现有技术中已是公知的了。在现有技术中,一个充满电的电池可以在一个轮班内对这种车辆供电,或者略微超过8小时,要把这些电池中的一个电池重新充满电一般约需8小时。通常还建议把新充电的电池“冷却”约8个小时以增进电池的性能,由于希望在24小时内矿车的使用时间多于一个轮班的时间,故在每个轮班之后必须更换车上的电池。
因而,权宜之计是能快速而高效地更换矿车上的电池以便于使车辆可以重新投入生产使用而不是被闲置一旁。这种型式的车辆的电池是既大又重的,有些重量在几千磅的数量级。因此,若没有强有力的提升机构的帮助,这些电池是难以从车上卸下或装上车辆的。
通常,地下矿车的电池是配置在位于矿车后部的厚钢板制的电池托架上的,并用来作为通常是由车辆前面部分所支持的有效载荷的配重。在车辆运行以及更换电池期间,电池托架可保持电池免受直接伤害。可是,在电池箱本身的强度足以保护电池时,就可以不用独立的电池托架了,或者用位于车辆上的提升机构来支承电池箱。由于可以使用各种不同的电池配置,为了描述简单,“电池”一词在本文中应理解为是指整个可更换的电池组件,如果电池是被安置在托架中,则还包括电池托架。
在矿用车辆或类似车辆运行期间,电池就被支持并连接在车辆上,并提供使车辆运行所必需的电力。在现有技术中,通常的做法是使车辆含有电池更换系统,用以把电池装在车辆上或从其上卸下。在更换电池时,这一任务是通过使用液压驱动的提升系统使电池垂直地移动来实现的。由电池更换系统所提供的电池的垂直移动与车辆自身的水平运动的结合使得操作人员能把放过电的电池从车辆上卸到电池更换站的站台或地板上,也能把新的或重新充电的电池从电池更换站装到车辆上。
在现有技术中,一般地公知有两种不同型式的电池更换系统。第一种型式是把电池放置在车辆主构架的底板上,该底板为连续的或切出的“U”形。在进行电池更换操作期间,作用在电池左、右两侧的水平支架上的两个固定联接的垂直液压缸使电池作上下移动。该第一种型式的电池更换系统的主要缺点是电池不可能在低于其在车辆底板顶部的正常位置之下的位置移动。
在第二种型式的电池更换系统中,是把电池装载与固定到诸如车叉、托盘或“U”形结构的电池支架上。在进行电池更换操作期间,电池支架在垂直液压缸作用下作上、下移动。用两个固连在车辆主构架上的平行元件对电池支架作垂直方向移动导向。该第二种型式的电池更换系统与公知的叉车负载提升系统相似。第二种型式的电池更换系统的主要缺点是:一方面由于垂直液压缸与平行导轨的长度受到车辆主构架高度的限制,就使得电池的垂直行程很短;另一方面电池支架的平行导轨结构复杂而且不可靠,因为在地下坑道环境中难于使它们保持清洁。
上述的把电池举放到车辆上的设备的进一步的问题是为了把电池更换装置的提升臂置于电池的提升边缘之下得把电池沿地板向前推或抵在壁面上。这就使得在矿井更换电池时电池与支架结构损坏的可能性大大增加。
本发明由于提供了一种新颖独特的电池更换系统,从而克服了现有技术中的各种不足。本发明的电池更换系统设置有安装着位于电池更换系统上的轴枢的提升装置,它使得提升装置的一部分能对准电池的提升凸缘而无需使电池滑动或倾斜。本发明包括一个其下端枢接在低架车辆上的刚性支架。固装在车辆上部和支架上端的一对液压缸可使支架绕靠近车辆处的下端转动。支架上设有分别在支架两侧的彼此间隔开的提升臂,用以与电池的提升凸缘相接。提升臂通过枢接销连接到支架上,即使在支架处对水平方向有一斜角的情况下,不提供任何较大的向上力也能使提升臂完全接合在电池的提升表面上。本发明在不使电池沿地面有任何滑动,也无需使电池支在壁面上的情况下就可使电池在基本垂直的方向上被提升。它还可以在从车辆上卸下电池时防止电池的一端掉下来。
本领域的熟练技术人员在阅读了结合附图而做出的下面的详细说明之后当能明了本发明的上述的和其它的特点和优点,图中示出并描述了本发明的一个说明用实施例。
下面,参照附图来进行详细的说明,附图中:
图1是连接在低架矿车后端的本发明提升装置的侧剖视图,其中示出的是电池与车辆分开的状态;
图2是图1中的本发明的侧剖视图,示出了水平向下有一转角的电池支承架和电池提升臂开始与电池的提升凸缘接合时的状态;
图3是继续图2中提升操作的图1中本发明的侧剖视图,示出了提升臂与电池提升凸缘齐平相接的状态;
图4是图1中的本发明的侧剖视图,示出了电池高于地面、锁定在车辆上并位于与地面平行的方向;
图5是图1中的本发明的侧剖视图,示出了电池锁定在车辆上并处于向水平方向上倾斜的位置;
图6是本发明的枢接提升装置的俯视图,示出了与电池接合的提升臂;
图7是本发明的枢接提升装置的俯视图;
图8-11是一系列表示现有技术中的提升装置把电池装上或卸下车辆操作动作的侧视图。
参见附图,特别是图1和图2,在其中本发明的枢接提升装置用同一标号10表示。该枢接提升装置10是诸如铲斗车、绞车、设备运输车等低架矿车用的电池更换系统的一部分。然而,此处的对于电池更换系统的描述仅仅是可以用来提升其它各种物件的装置的一个例子。电池15是公知的,其外面一般包有保护壳体17和设有接合区46的型式,该接合区可以是凸缘形状或者是几个销子,如图1所示的低架矿车的后端包括后轮16和连在主体构架20上的车轴18。
在图7中表示得更清楚,枢接提升装置10包括大致上为“U”形的电池支承架22,该支承架22有相互隔开的主电池支持臂24、26。电池支持臂24、26可以由多块钢板焊接而成,其后侧下端连接到枢接杆30上,其后侧上角用支持构件34连接。另外,支持臂24和26也可以铸制成一致的构件。该枢接提升装置10还包括一对电池提升臂28,它们分别可转动地连接在主体臂24、26上。
再参看图1-5,电池支承构架22借助于穿过结构管件32延伸的枢接杆30铰接在车辆12的后端14上。最好采用焊接把结构管件32连接到车构架20的下部。也可以如图7中所示,用焊接在构架支承22上的一对凸耳35来容纳枢接销(未示出)以把构架支承22铰接在车辆上。
一对相同的液压缸36通过液压缸销38牢固地安装在车辆上,并用杆端销钉40可绕枢轴转动地连接在结构支持构件34上。液压缸36可进行有选择地伸长与收缩以便在进行电池更换操作时使电池支承构架22绕枢接杆30转动。另外,也可以使用任何可以提供电池支承构架驱动力的电机。
在枢轴销56处,一对可自由转动的电池提升臂28连接在电池支承臂24、26上。如图6与7所示,电池提升臂28包括互相连接的三块板,内板42、中间板52和外板54。最好是三块板用焊接相连。此外,电池提升臂28也可以是铸造成一体的结构。
电池提升臂28的内板42处包括一个平的电池接合面44,用来与电池提升凸缘46接合(见图1-5)。提升凸缘46上设有在电池与提升装置之间的易于接触的点。
在现有技术中公知的一种闩锁机构48,例如容纳销子的钢板51,安装在电池提升臂28的远端。该闩锁机构48用于容纳装在电池壳体17上的滑动销50,以把电池15可靠地附装在电池提升臂28上。闩销容纳机构51是自电池提升臂28的内板42向外并且位于电池提升臂28的中间板52的上方的。闩锁机构可以采用另外一种现有技术中公知的偏置闭锁机构,当提升臂接合面44达到与提升凸缘齐平的位置时它自动地锁住。
电池提升臂28的外板54与中间板相邻,以便额外地加强电池提升臂28并为安装闩锁机构48提供从提升凸缘46向外的附加表面,如图7所示。
借助于穿过电池提升臂28的外板54、电池主支承臂24和26以及电池提升臂28的内板42而水平延伸的销56把电池提升臂28连接到电池主支承臂24、26上。用螺母57将销56固定在位。电池提升臂28具有预定的重量公布,以便当其有可能绕销56自由转动时臂28使之趋向顺时针方向转动。
电池提升臂28的内板42处包括一个与电池提升凸缘46的前缘68相接合的卡爪66或一钩形部。该卡爪66保证电池15被适当地设置于枢接提升装置10上,并保证闩锁机构48被对准接纳滑动销50以把电池15可靠地连接在枢接提升装置10上。卡爪66的顶表面67用作接触面,它与挡板58接合就可防止电池提升臂28在如图1-5中所示出的顺时针方向上的转动超过所需的方位。最好是把各自的挡板58焊接在每个电池支承臂24、26上。例如,电池提升臂28的电池接合面44只能顺时针旋转到达大体平行于挡板58表面的位置。挡板58不能阻止电池提升臂28在图1所示出的反时针方向转动,因为臂28被设计成具有可使该臂顺时针转动的转矩。
如图1-5中系列地表示出的,本发明可以在不损伤电池或矿井中的壁面与结构的情况下更换低架矿车上的电池。在操作中,把矿车12的后端14引向位于地面上的电池15。把一对液压缸36延伸,使电池主支承架22和电池主支承臂24、26从其通常的直立位置开始绕枢接杆30转动并置于一个通常是指向下的方向上。应该明白该支承构架22的该直立位置可以从垂直位置朝车辆方向倾斜。如图5中所示的这样的倾斜可以在例如,一辆运行在有鼓包的表面上时保持电池的的后缘不致刮在地面上,也能防止电池的前缘撞在矿井顶部的类似凸起部位上。这里,电池提升臂28可自由地在主支承臂24、26上转动。由于其重量是不均匀分布的,就使接合面44位于顺时针离开水平的方向上。此外,还可以利用弹簧机构把臂28偏置在顺时针离开水平的方位上。当车辆抵达电池15位置时,电池提升臂28内板42的电池接合面44就与电池提升凸缘46的前缘68接合。最好是使电池接合面44的开始与该前缘68接触的部分作为该接合面的在枢轴销56和电池提升臂28卡爪66之间的部分。由于提升臂28是可以自由转动的,就使得与电池初始接触时电池实际上是不受阻力或向上的力的。相反,电池提升凸缘46的前缘68沿电池接合面44滑动,并且如图2所示地把提升臂28的在枢轴销56和卡爪66之间的部分向下或逆时针方向偏转。由于在电池上只作用着很小或者没有向上的力,故电池不会被提离地面,也不会沿地面滑动。而把电池提离地面与电池的下后边缘楔入地面则是在现有技术中常见的共同缺点,并已示于图8-11中了。如图8-11中所示,现有的提升装置100利用在提升臂上的斜面101与设置在电池上的滚柱102相接合。为了使前滚柱102A跨上斜面,要借助于车辆的向前运动来提供横向力。然而,这将会造成使电池沿底面滑动的趋势,直到电池顶在臂面上或电池的下面后缘插入地中而反作用于由车辆产生的横向滑动力时为止。
在本发明中,当电池提升凸缘46的前端68抵达并接合在卡爪66上时,电池接合面44就会偏转成为与电池提升凸缘46的下侧齐平地接合的状态。在这里,该电池闩锁48可以是手动也可以是自动地把电池可靠地连接在枢接提升与支承装置上的。
操作者然后再使液压缸36缩回以便使主支承构架22开始转回其直立位置。在该过程中,电池提升臂28的接合面44保持在与该提升凸缘46齐平状态,因为在电池提升臂28和主支承臂24、26之间通过销56而发生相对转动。相对转动一直持续到接触面67接合到电池主支承臂24、26的挡板58上为止,以阻止主支承臂与电池提升臂之间进一步地相对转动。在此转动期间,电池接合面44保持与电池提升凸缘46齐平地接触,而电池基本是在垂直方向上运动。最好是当主支承臂的下缘64大体上平行于电池提升凸缘46时,支承臂24、26和电池接合臂28之间的相对转动停止。
为了从低架矿车上卸走放完电的电池,则应与上述的操作相反。
可以想象,从上面的描述中将会更加了解本发明及其种各优点,显然在不脱离本发明的精神与范围或者牺牲其全部实质性优点的条件下还能对其作出各种改变,上面所描述的形式仅仅是其最佳的或示范用的实施例。

Claims (7)

1、一种电池供电车辆用的电池更换系统,它包括:
一支承构架,它包括相互隔开的电池支承件,各电池支承件具有绕一水平轴线铰接在所述车辆上的一端和另一端;
至少一个液压缸,其一端枢装在车辆上,另一端枢装在所述支承构架上,用以使所述各另一端在直立的车辆运行位置与位于直立的车辆运行位置下方的有下倾角的装、卸载位置之间有选择地进行绕所述水平轴线的转动;
一对电池接合臂,各包括一个与电池提升部分接合的电池接合面,其特征在于,所述各电池接合臂的中段可绕一水平轴线自由转过一预定的弧长并枢装于所述各电池支承件,所述各接合臂具有一第一端和一第二端,各第二端背离所述构架延伸,各接合臂具有一促使各接合臂沿一预定方向枢转以使所述各第二端沿向下方向运动的转矩;
安装在支承构架上、用于限制所述各接合臂的第二端相对于所述各电池支承件沿向下方向运动的范围的装置,从而在电池被移离其放置位置之前大致上整个电池接合表面与该电池提升部分接触。
2、根据权利要求1所述的电池更换系统,其中,所述车辆是低架矿用车辆。
3、根据权利要求1所述的电池更换系统,其中,所述的电池接合臂的电池接合面设置于所述电池支承件内部。
4、根据权利要求1所述的电池更换系统,其中,所述限位装置包括一板,安装在至少一个所述支承件上,用以在一预定位置接合至少一个所述电池接合臂以限定它们之间的相对转动。
5、根据权利要求1所述的电池更换系统,其中,所述电池接合臂上安装有一锁闩机构。
6、根据权利要求5所述的电池更换系统,其中,所述锁闩机构包括有一钢板,用以容纳安装在所述电池上的一销子。
7、根据权利要求1所述的电池更换系统,其中,所述电池接合臂上装有一卡爪,从而所述电池可选择性地与所述电池接合臂相连接和解除连接。
CN95116555A 1994-09-20 1995-09-20 电池供电车辆用的电池更换系统 Expired - Fee Related CN1044696C (zh)

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