CN104397717A - 玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品及其生产方法 - Google Patents
玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品及其生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104397717A CN104397717A CN201410766243.6A CN201410766243A CN104397717A CN 104397717 A CN104397717 A CN 104397717A CN 201410766243 A CN201410766243 A CN 201410766243A CN 104397717 A CN104397717 A CN 104397717A
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- corn
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- constipation
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品及其生产方法，属于食品加工技术。以成熟玉米为原料，辅以山楂、山药、决明子、乌龙茶、陈皮、菊花、荷叶、莱菔子、麦芽、甘草，经预处理、软化、糅合、成型、杀菌等工艺制备具有促消化、通便、减肥作用的健康食品。产品口感舒适、风味优良，可作为功能食品适合具有促消化、通便、减肥需求的消费群体，也可作为休闲食品食用。产品生产过程中实现原料全利用，无污染，无废渣、废汽及有害物质产生；全部采用药食兼用食品原料，不使用任何添加剂，食用安全。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工领域，尤其是指玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品的生产方法。
背景技术
由于种种原因，如对营养原理、营养知识、食品加工原理所知有限，食品加工技术落后等，使大多数人不能按营养平衡需要去正确摄取食物，导致许多青少年肥胖，高血压、高血脂、高血糖、便秘等疾病发病率逐年攀升。
肥胖是身体内脂肪过度蓄积以致于威胁健康的一种病理反应，需要经过长期的治疗和控制才能达到减重并维持一定体重。近几年，肥胖病患者在全球迅速增加。在美国，20‐70岁的人口中，65％超重，其中一半属于肥胖。年轻人的肥胖问题尤其值得关注，近20年来，6‐11岁的儿童中超重比例增加一倍，12‐19岁的青少年中几乎增加3倍，已接近流行病的比例。超重、肥胖已成为糖尿病、心血管疾病和癌症等慢性病发生的高危因素。过去10年内，糖尿病患者增加49％。肥胖不但对个人，对社会也将造成严重影响，导致劳动生产率降低。在欧洲，几乎1/3西欧人超重，1/10人肥胖。在我国，肥胖者日渐众多，目前全国体重超重者近2亿人，其中肥胖者已超过9000万人，约占总人口的7.1％。另外，约8.1％的儿童肥胖。中国城市人口中17％为肥胖者。
减肥已越来越引起人们的重视，人们在减肥上的投入也越来越多。现在用于减肥的产品包括减肥药品和减肥食品两大类。减肥药品主要是通过抑制食欲、限制吸收、增强饱腹感、促进能量消耗、增加新陈代谢等途径，达到减肥的目，其作用是治疗，针对性强，对适宜人群和不适宜人群更有着明确的规定，一定要在医生指导下服用，且都存在副作用，不能长期服用。如曲美、澳曲轻、赛尼克等都含西药成分。减肥食品市场目前最突出的问题是违规企业在产品中添加违禁物质，如芬氟拉明、去甲麻黄素等。人们期望作用强、无副作用、降低肥胖症患者并发症发病率的减肥食品的问世。世界卫生组织认为健康减肥应符合下列标准：不腹泻、不厌食、不乏力、不反弹、皮肤不松弛，每周减重不能超过0.5～1kg。医圣孙思邈早有“凡欲治疗，先以食疗，既食疗不愈，后乃用药尔”的精辟论述，中华民族优秀的“药补不如食补”理论的实践及现代营养学研究成果避免了药物在人体内的有害残留，也为减肥食品的开发应用提供了医学及营养学的理论基础。功能性减肥食品是食品级的产品，不含任何违禁药物成分，不引起腹泻或抑制食欲，综合地对机体进行调节，通过调节人体脏腑气血津液，阴阳升降出入的作用，来达到机体的代谢平衡，以保持健康的体形，实现健康减肥，产品对机体健康无损害。在人类遭受化学药物二重感染和亚健康包围的今天，天然食物资源的高安全性，使以天然食物资源为原料生产的减肥食品深受消费者喜爱。
据调查，便秘在人群中的患病率高达27％，但只有一小部分便秘者会就诊。便秘可以影响各年龄段的人。女性多于男性，老年多于青、壮年。因便秘发病率高、病因复杂，患者常有许多苦恼，便秘伴有腹痛或腹部不适。部分患者还伴有失眠、烦躁、多梦、抑郁、焦虑等精神心理障碍，甚至诱发肠道肿瘤，严重影响生活质量。长期便秘对人体健康具有严重危害，会影响容颜、导致肥胖、产生体臭、饮食无味、神经衰弱、引发痛经、性欲减退、诱发癌症、造成猝死、并发痔疮、肛裂、直肠脱垂等肛肠病。此外，便秘患者还易患荨麻疹、哮喘等过敏性疾病及胆结石症、头痛、肩凝症等疾病。
动物或人的消化器官把食物变成可以被肌体吸收养料的过程称为消化，即指食物中的淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪等大分子物质，在消化酶作用下转变成能溶于水的小分子物质的过程。消化不良会导致许多疾病的发生，如便秘、肠炎、肥胖、胃炎、胃溃疡等。科学的饮食对消化具有促进作用，如玉米中丰富的纤维素可刺激肠蠕动，加速排便，有通便作用；陈皮中的挥发油对消化道有刺激作用，可增加胃液的分泌，促进胃肠蠕动、有助于对食物的消化。肠道内有益菌群维护着健康的肠道环境，但由于高脂、高蛋白饮食及工作、学习和生活节奏的加快而无暇顾及肠道健康，使胃肠内的有害菌不断增加，导致便秘、肠炎、腹泻、胃炎等各种胃肠道疾病频发，甚至诱发肥胖、高血压、高血脂等疾病。所以，肠道的清洁健康是身体健康之本，目前抗便秘方法主要有机械导泻法、药物疗法、食物疗法。机械疗法比较痛苦，药物疗法虽然能清除体内宿便，但易造成药物在体内的蓄积，损害肝肾，因此科学、安全的抗便秘方法是食物疗法。
发明内容
本发明提供一种玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品及其生产方法，以解决目前抗便秘减肥主要依赖药物的食用安全隐患，为人们提供健康、安全、功效明显的抗便秘减肥食品，维护人们的身体健康。
本发明采取的技术方案是由下列步骤得到的：
(一)原辅料配比
按质量份数：玉米粉100份，山楂12～15份、山药10～12份、决明子3～5份、乌龙茶1～3份、陈皮1～3份、白菊花1～3份、荷叶0.5～0.8份、莱菔子0.3～0.5份、麦芽0.1～0.3份、甘草1～3份；
(二)原辅料制备、预处理
玉米粉制备：将成熟黄色玉米籽粒筛选除杂，用流动水漂洗干净，加水浸泡，加水量没过玉米籽粒2cm，浸泡温度25～30℃，浸泡时间2～3天，检查玉米粒的胚芽膨胀、萌发，但不突破玉米种皮，捞出、流动水洗涤3～5min，研磨破碎，得到可全部通过100目或120目的玉米粉，备用；山楂洗涤干净，去核，磨制成可通过80～120目果酱，备用；山药洗涤干净，去皮，磨制成可通过80～120目酱状料，备用；决明子、乌龙茶、陈皮、白菊花、荷叶、莱菔子清理、筛选去除不可食用杂质，精细粉碎得到可全部通过120～160目粉末，备用；麦芽、甘草于45～60℃、搅拌速率30～60r/min的条件下回流浸提与分离3次，第1次料水比按质量比1∶(7～8)，第2次料水比按质量比1∶(5～6)，第3次料水比按质量比1∶(3～4)，合并3次提取液，过滤得到可全部通过180～200目孔径筛的提取液，备用；
(三)软化、糅合
将经过步骤(一)、(二)处理的原辅料送入球磨机进行保温研磨、软化及糅合，转速30～50r/min，研磨时间2～6h，温度30～36℃，直至混合料呈现柔软的、组织状态均匀一致的面团，停止研磨，备用；
(四)杀菌与膨松脆化
将步骤(三)首先进行单向压延，压辊间隙3～4mm，然后旋转90°再次压延，压辊间隙1～2mm，然后辊切成型，得到厚度1～2mm、直径2～5mm的饼坯，进行微波杀菌、膨松脆化处理，调整微波处理功率及处理时间使饼坯膨胀比为2～4倍，即为最终产品玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品。
本发明所述玉米粉、山楂、山药是主要原料，决明子、乌龙茶、陈皮、白菊花、荷叶、莱菔子、麦芽是辅料；甘草起到调和诸种原辅料及调味作用。
本发明所述的玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品的生产原料均为药食兼用的食品原料，长期食用无任何毒副作用，具体如下：
玉米：又名玉蜀黍、大蜀黍、棒子、苞米、苞谷、玉菱、玉麦、六谷、芦黍和珍珠米等，属禾本科玉米属。全世界玉米播种面积仅次于小麦、水稻而居第三位。在每100克玉米粉中含有蛋白质8.4克，维生素B 0.31毫克，胡萝卜素0.12毫克，纤维素1.5克，并富含可降低人体血液胆固醇、预防动脉硬化的亚油酸，具有防癌、抗癌作用的谷胱甘肽，及硒、镁、铁等微量元素。
山楂(Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge)：别称山里果、山里红、酸里红、红果、红果子等。山楂果实主要含儿茶精[(‐)‐epicatechin]、槲皮素(quercetin)、金丝桃甙(hyperin)、绿原酸(chlorogenic acid)、山楂酸(crataegolic acid)、柠檬酸(citric acid)、苦杏仁甙(amygdalin)等。山楂果实味酸、甘，性微温，无毒。入脾、胃、肝经。具有消食健胃、行气散瘀、驱虫等功效。主治肉食积滞、胃烷胀满、泻痢腹痛、瘀血经闭、产后瘀阻、心腹刺痛、疝气疼痛、高血脂症、小儿乳食停滞等症。凡伤食后引起的腹满饱胀，尤其是肉类食积不化，上腹疼痛者最为适宜；以及中老年心脏衰弱、高血压、冠心病、心绞痛、高脂血症、阵发性心动过速及各种癌症患者食用；此外，肥胖症、坏血病(维生素C缺乏症)、病毒性肝炎、脂肪肝、急慢性肾炎、绦虫病患者、肠道感染者宜多食山楂。
山药：原名“薯蓣”，别称山药、怀山药、淮山药、土薯、山薯、玉延，始载《神农本草经》，列为上品。山药味甘、性平；入肺、脾、肾经；《本草纲目》概括山药五大功用“益肾气，健脾胃，止泄痢，化痰涎，润皮”，具有健脾养肺补肺、益胃补肾、固肾益精、聪耳明目、助五脏、强筋骨、长志安神、延年益寿的功效；主治脾虚泄泻、食少浮肿、肺虚咳喘、尿频、带下、消渴。现代药理研究提示，山药含有的皂甙、糖蛋白、鞣质、止权素、山药碱、胆碱、淀粉及钙、磷、铁等，具有诱生干扰素的作用。山药含有皂甙、黏液质，有润滑，滋润的作用。经检测每百克山药含热量56.00千卡、蛋白质1.90克、碳水化合物12.40克、膳食纤维0.80克及丰富维生素A、胡萝卜素、维生素C等多种维生素和及钙、磷、钾、镁、铁、锌、硒等矿物质。山药含薯蓣皂甙元(diosgenin)、多巴胺(dopamine)、儿茶酚胺(catecholamine)、盐酸山药碱(batatasine hydrochloride)、多酚氧化酶(polyphenoloxidase)、止杈素(abscisin)Ⅱ、山药素(batatasin)、糖蛋白(glucoprotein)、山药多糖、植酸(phyticacid)、以及胆甾醇(cholesterol)，麦角甾醇(ergosterol)、菜油甾醇(campesterol)、豆甾醇(stigmasterol)，β‐谷甾醇(β‐sitosterol)等多种生物活性成分，具有调节机体代谢的特殊功效。
陈皮：又称橘皮、红皮、广陈皮等，为芸香科植物橘及其栽培变种的干燥成熟果皮，晒干或低温干燥而得，且以果皮陈者为良，故名。陈皮富含膳食纤维、碳水化合物及钙、镁、铁、锌、铜、硒等矿物质及核黄素、视黄醇、烟酸、维生素等多种维生素。陈皮含挥发油1.9％～3.5％，主要为柠檬烯(Limonene)、α‐侧柏烯(α‐Thujene)、α‐蒎烯(α‐Pinene)、β‐蒎烯(β‐Pinene)、β‐月桂烯(β‐Myrcene)、桧烯(Sabine‐ne)、辛醛(Octanal)、α‐水芹烯(α‐Phellandrene)、α‐松油烯(α‐Terpinene)、对‐聚伞花烯(p‐Cymene)、芳樟醇(Linalool)、麝香草酚(thymol)、香茅醛(Citronellal)及橙皮甙(Hesperidin)、新橙皮甙(Neohesperidin)、柑橘素(Tangeretin)、黄酮化合物、枸橼醛、β‐谷甾醇(β‐Sitosterol)、对羟福林(Synephrine)等多种功效成分。陈皮性温味苦、辛；入肺、脾、胃经；具有理气健脾、调中、燥湿化痰之功效；主治痰湿壅肺、咳嗽气喘痰多、胸脘胀满、食少吐泻等症。李时珍《本草纲目》：“同补药则补，同泻药则泻，同升药则升，同降药则降。”
决明子：决明子收录于《中国药典》，为豆科植物决明(Cassia obtusifolia L.)或小决明(Cassia tora L.)的干燥成熟种子，主要含大黄素(emodin)、大黄酚(chrysophanol)、大黄素甲醚(physcion)、决明素(obtusin)、钝叶决明素(obtusifolin)及其甙类等化合物，以及钝叶素(obtusifolin)、决明素(obtusin)、黄决明素(chryso‐obtusin)、橙黄决明素(autrantio‐obtusin)及它们的甙类和大黄酸等，此外还含有决明甙、粘液、蛋白质、谷甾醇、氨基酸、脂肪油等。决明子也叫草决明、羊明、马蹄决明、还瞳子、马蹄子、羊角豆、野青豆等。决明子为药食同源的食品及药品加工原料，味苦、甘、咸，性凉、微寒，无毒。归肝、大肠、胆、肾经。具有清肝火、祛风湿、清热益肾明目、润肠通便等功效，主治目赤涩痛、头痛眩晕、便秘等症。临床上决明子常用于肝热、肠燥、目赤肿痛、青盲内障、羞明多泪，头痛眩晕、目暗不明，大便秘结、肥胖、高血压等症治疗。常饮决明子茶可以清肝明目、抗便秘、防止视力模糊、降血压、降血脂、减少胆固醇等；而且决明子富含维生素A及锌，可防治夜盲症以及避免小儿缺锌。
白菊花：亦名小汤黄、小白菊，为菊科植物白菊的花，干燥后应用。菊花中含挥发油、菊甙、腺嘌呤、胆碱、水苏碱及微量维生素A样物质、维生素B、氨基酸及刺槐树碱等。味辛、甘、苦，性微寒。白菊花具有疏散风热、平肝明目、清热解毒、养肝明目、提神、利尿的功效。常用于外感风热或温病初起以及肝阳上亢、肝火目疾、热毒疮肿等病的治疗。李时珍《本草纲目》记载“菊能利五脉，调四肢，治头风热补”。现代医学研究证实菊花对中枢神经有镇静、解热、增强毛细血管抵抗力、扩张冠状动脉作用、有抑菌的作用。菊花水煎剂及水浸剂对金黄色葡萄球菌、痢疾杆菌、变形杆菌、伤寒杆菌、副伤寒杆菌、霍乱弧菌、乙型溶血链球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、人型结核杆菌及流感病毒(PR3株)均有抑制作用。
乌龙茶：经过杀青、萎雕、摇青、半发酵、烘焙等工序后制出的品质优异的茶类，亦称青茶、半发酵茶，是中国独具鲜明特色的茶叶品类，主要产于福建的闽北、闽南及广东、台湾三个省，安溪是乌龙茶的著名茶乡。乌龙茶中含有大量的茶多酚，可以提高脂肪分解酶的作用，降低血液中的胆固醇含量，有降低血压、抗氧化、防衰老、防癌、抗肿瘤的功效；乌龙茶还具有提神、消食、止痢、解暑、醒酒等作用。据研究乌龙茶能够刺激胰脏脂肪分解酵素的活性，减少糖类和脂肪类食物被吸收以外，还能够加速身体的产热量增加，促进脂肪燃烧，尤其是减少腹部脂肪的堆积，减肥健美。
荷叶：睡莲科草本植物莲的叶片。产于湖南、福建、江苏、浙江、南方各地。夏季采摘，鲜用或晒干用。荷叶含生物碱、黄酮甙、有机酸，味苦辛微涩、性平，无毒，归心、肝、脾、肺经。具有消暑利湿、解暑、健脾升阳、散瘀止血、凉血的功效。主治暑热烦渴、头痛眩晕、水肿、脾虚食少腹胀、腹泻、咯血、便血、损伤瘀血等症。另外荷叶富含茶瘦素、荷叶碱、维生素B1、C，能有效分解体内脂肪，阻止人体肠壁对脂肪的吸收，防止脂肪堆积，具有较强的油脂排出功效，起到减肥降脂作用。荷叶富含膳食纤维具有促进肠道蠕动、排出毒素、利尿的功效。
莱菔子(Semen Raphani)：别名萝卜子，十字花科植物萝卜的成熟种子，含莱菔素(Raphanin)、β‐谷甾醇(β‐Sitosterol)、脂肪油、挥发油。挥发油主要有甲硫醇(Methylmercaptan)，脂肪油中含多量芥酸(Erucic acid)、亚油酸、亚麻酸、芥子酸甘油酯(Glycerol sinapate)。莱菔子性平，味辛、甘。入肺、脾、胃经。具有消食除胀、降气化痰的功效。主治食积气滞、便秘、脘腹胀满、嗳气、下痢后重、咳嗽痰多、喘促胸满。
麦芽：禾本科植物大麦Hordeum vulgare L.的成熟籽粒经浸泡、发芽至芽长约0.5cm时干燥制得。麦芽主要含α‐淀粉酶、β‐淀粉酶(amylase)、催化酶(catalyticase)、过氧化异构酶(peroxidisomerase)等酶类，以及大麦芽碱(hordenine)、大麦芽胍碱(hordatine)A、大麦芽胍碱(hordatine)B、腺嘌呤(ade‐nine)、胆碱(choline)、蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素D、维生素E、细胞色素(cytochrome)C及脂肪、磷脂、糊精、麦芽糖、葡萄糖等。麦芽性平、味甘，入脾、胃经、肝经。具有行气消食、健脾开胃、和中、退乳消胀功效。主治食积不消、脘腹胀痛、脾虚食少、运化无力、肝郁气滞、胸胁胀闷。
甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.)：别名国老、甜草、甜根子，豆科甘草属多年生草本植物。甘草主要含甘草酸(又称甘草甜素，Glycyrrhizic acid或Glycyrrhizin)、甘草次酸(glycyrrhetinic acid)。甘草甜素水解产物葡萄糖醛酸能与毒物结合，甘草甜素有肾上腺皮质激素样作用，增强肝脏的解毒能力，所以甘草甜素对某些药物中毒、食物中毒、体内代谢产物中毒都具有一定的解毒能力。此外甘草甜素、甘草次酸盐尚有抗炎症、抗过敏、抗肝损伤、抗癌、抗菌的作用。甘草还广泛应用于食品工业，如糖果、蜜饯、口香糖、巧克力的生产，还可用于啤酒、软饮料、甜酒风味、色泽的调整，是药食兼用的补益品。甘草性平、味甘，入脾、胃、肺经。具有补脾益气、清热解毒、祛痰止咳、清咽利嗓、缓急止痛、调和诸药的功效。主治脾胃虚弱、倦怠乏力、心悸气短、咳嗽痰多、脘腹、四肢挛急疼痛、痈肿疮毒以及缓解药物毒性和烈性。
本发明所述的玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品在制备具有抗便秘功能的食品中的应用，动物实验结果表明本发明所述的玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品对正常小鼠胃小肠运动功能有明显的推进作用，明显增加正常和燥结型便秘小鼠的排便次数，缩短小鼠的排便时间，显示其具有抗便秘通便作用。
本发明所述的玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品生产方法在制备具有减肥功能的食品中应用，动物实验结果表明能明显降低肥胖小鼠体重、脂肪指数、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量，对肥胖小鼠血清中高密度脂蛋白(HDL)有明显的升高作用。显示其具有减肥作用。
本发明优点是：全部采用食品级原料或药食兼用食品原料，不添加任何添加剂及药物成分，具有抗便秘、减肥保健功能，长期食用无毒副作用。按本发明技术生产的玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品能明显降低肥胖小鼠体重、脂肪指数、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量，对肥胖小鼠血清中高密度脂蛋白(HDL)有明显的升高作用，证明其具有明显减少体重及减肥作用。玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品对正常小鼠胃小肠运动功能有明显的推进作用，明显增加正常和燥结型便秘小鼠的排便次数，缩短小鼠的排便时间，证明其具有明显抗便秘作用。
本发明获得的产品，即可作为功能食品，也可作为休闲食品及间餐或主食食用。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(一)原辅料配比
按质量分数：玉米粉100份，山楂12份、山药10份、决明子3份、乌龙茶1份、陈皮1份、白菊花1份、荷叶0.5份、莱菔子0.3份、麦芽0.1份、甘草1份；
(二)原辅料制备、预处理
将成熟黄色玉米籽粒筛选除杂，用流动水漂洗干净，加水浸泡，加水量以没过玉米籽粒2cm为宜，浸泡温度25℃，浸泡时间2天，检查玉米粒的胚芽膨胀、萌发，但不突破玉米种皮为宜，捞出、流动水洗涤3min，研磨破碎，得到可全部通过100目的玉米粉，备用；山楂洗涤干净，去核，磨制成可通过80目果酱，备用；山药洗涤干净，去皮，磨制成可通过80目酱状料，备用；决明子、乌龙茶、陈皮、白菊花、荷叶、莱菔子清理、筛选去除不可食用杂质，精细粉碎得到可全部通过120目粉末，备用；麦芽、甘草于45℃、搅拌速率30r/min的条件下回流浸提与分离3次，第1次料水比按质量比1∶7，第2次料水比按质量比1∶5，第3次料水比按质量比1∶3，合并3次提取液，过滤得到可全部通过180目孔径筛的提取液，备用；
(三)软化、糅合
将经过步骤(一)、(二)处理的原辅料送入球磨机进行保温研磨、软化及糅合，转速30r/min，研磨时间2h，温度30℃；直至混合料呈现柔软的、组织状态均匀一致的面团，停止研磨，备用；
(四)杀菌与膨松脆化
将步骤(三)首先进行单向压延，压辊间隙3mm，然后旋转90°再次压延，压辊间隙1mm，然后辊切成型，得到厚度1mm、直径2mm的饼坯，进行微波杀菌、膨松脆化处理，调整微波处理功率及处理时间使饼坯膨胀比为2倍，即为最终产品玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品。
实施例2
(一)原辅料配比
按质量分数：玉米粉100份，山楂15份、山药12份、决明子5份、乌龙茶3份、陈皮3份、白菊花3份、荷叶0.8份、莱菔子0.5份、麦芽0.3份、甘草3份；
(二)原辅料制备、预处理
将成熟黄色玉米籽粒筛选除杂，用流动水漂洗干净，加水浸泡，加水量以没过玉米籽粒2cm为宜，浸泡温度30℃，浸泡时间3天，检查玉米粒的胚芽膨胀、萌发，但不突破玉米种皮为宜，捞出、流动水洗涤5min，研磨破碎，得到可全部通过120目的玉米粉，备用；山楂洗涤干净，去核，磨制成可通过120目果酱，备用；山药洗涤干净，去皮，磨制成可通过120目酱状料，备用；决明子、乌龙茶、陈皮、白菊花、荷叶、莱菔子清理、筛选去除不可食用杂质，精细粉碎得到可全部通过160目粉末，备用；麦芽、甘草于60℃、搅拌速率60r/min的条件下回流浸提与分离3次，第1次料水比按质量比1∶8，第2次料水比按质量比1∶6，第3次料水比按质量比1∶4，合并3次提取液，过滤得到可全部通过200目孔径筛的提取液，备用；
(三)软化、糅合
将经过步骤(一)、(二)处理的原辅料送入球磨机进行保温研磨、软化及糅合，转速50r/min，研磨时间6h，温度36℃，直至混合料呈现柔软的、组织状态均匀一致的面团，停止研磨，备用；
(四)杀菌与膨松脆化
将步骤(三)首先进行单向压延，压辊间隙4mm，然后旋转90°再次压延，压辊间隙2mm，然后辊切成型，得到厚度2mm、直径5mm的饼坯，进行微波杀菌、膨松脆化处理，调整微波处理功率及处理时间使饼坯膨胀比为4倍，即为最终产品玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品。
实施例3：
(一)原辅料配比
按质量分数：玉米粉100份，山楂13.5份、山药11份、决明子4份、乌龙茶2份、陈皮2份、白菊花2份、荷叶0.65份、莱菔子0.4份、麦芽0.2份、甘草2份；
(二)原辅料制备、预处理
将成熟黄色玉米籽粒筛选除杂，用流动水漂洗干净，加水浸泡，加水量以没过玉米籽粒2cm为宜，浸泡温度28℃，浸泡时间2.5天，检查玉米粒的胚芽膨胀、萌发，但不突破玉米种皮为宜，捞出、流动水洗涤4min，研磨破碎，得到可全部通过120目的玉米粉，备用；山楂洗涤干净，去核，磨制成可通过100目果酱，备用；山药洗涤干净，去皮，磨制成可通过100目酱状料，备用；决明子、乌龙茶、陈皮、白菊花、荷叶、莱菔子清理、筛选去除不可食用杂质，精细粉碎得到可全部通过140目粉末，备用；麦芽、甘草于52℃、搅拌速率45r/min的条件下回流浸提与分离3次，第1次料水比按质量比1∶7.5，第2次料水比按质量比1∶5.5，第3次料水比按质量比1∶3.5，合并3次提取液，过滤得到可全部通过200目孔径筛的提取液，备用；
(三)软化、糅合
将经过步骤(一)、(二)处理的原辅料送入球磨机进行保温研磨、软化及糅合，转速40r/min，研磨时间4h，温度33℃；直至混合料呈现柔软的、组织状态均匀一致的面团，停止研磨，备用；
(四)杀菌与膨松脆化
将步骤(三)首先进行单向压延，压辊间隙3.5mm，然后旋转90°再次压延，压辊间隙1.5mm，然后辊切成型，得到厚度1.5mm、直径4mm的饼坯，进行微波杀菌、膨松脆化处理，调整微波处理功率及处理时间使饼坯膨胀比为3倍，即为最终产品玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品。
下面通过功能实验便进一步说明本发明具有抗便秘、减肥功能。
试验例：玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品减肥功能试验
本试验例采用实施例生产的玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品。
(一)对肥胖小鼠体重的影响
取60只小鼠，雌雄各半，随机分为5组。空白对照组；肥胖模型组及本发明玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品3.0、1.5、0.75g/kg三个剂量饲喂组。除空白对照组给正常饲料外，其余各组均服用肥胖饲料。每天饲喂1次，连续饲喂35天，每隔7天称1次体重。结果见表1。
由表1结果可见，玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品3.0、1.5g/kg剂量组在饲喂14天后对肥胖小鼠体重升高有明显的降低作用。且3.0g/kg剂量组效果最好。
(二)对肥胖小鼠体内脂肪指数的影响
取60只小鼠，雌雄各半，随机分为5组。空白对照组；肥胖模型组及本发明玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品3.0、1.5、0.75g/kg三个剂量饲喂组。除空白对照组给正常饲料外，其余各组均服用肥胖饲料。每天饲喂1次，连续饲喂35天，每隔7天称1次体重，末次饲喂后24h，将小鼠处死,取腹部脂肪称湿重，计算脂肪指数。结果见表2。
由表2结果可见，玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品3.0g/kg经35天饲喂后对肥胖小鼠脂肪指数升高有明显的降低作用，且玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品3.0g/kg剂量组效果最好。
(三)对肥胖小鼠生化指标的影响
取60只小鼠，雌雄各半，随机分为5组。空白对照组；肥胖模型组及玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品3.0、1.5、0.75g/kg三个剂量饲喂组。除空白对照组给正常饲料外，其余各组均服用肥胖饲料。每天饲喂1次，连续饲喂35天，每隔7天称1次体重，末次饲喂后24h，摘除小鼠眼球取血，采用全自动生化分析仪测生化指标。结果见表3。
由表3结果可见，玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品经35天饲喂后对小鼠血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)有明显的降低作用；对小鼠血清中高密度脂蛋白(HDL)有明显的升高作用，且玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品3.0g/kg剂量组效果最好。
表1.玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品对肥胖小鼠体重的影响n＝12
注：与模型组比较*P＜0.05，**P＜0.01，***P＜0.001。
表2.玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品对肥胖小鼠体内脂肪指数的影响
| 组别 | 动物数(只) | 脂肪指数(mg/10g体重) |
| 空白对照组 | 12 | 106.21±25.52 |
| 肥胖模型组 | 12 | 156.19±45.28△△△ |
| 本发明3.0g/kg | 12 | 113.74±26.75** |
| 本发明1.5g/kg | 12 | 136.35±44.46 |
| 本发明0.75g/kg | 12 | 151.50±71.67 |
注：与空白对照组比较：△△△P＜0.001；与模型组比较*P＜0.05，**P＜0.01。
表3.玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品对肥胖小鼠生化指标的影响n＝12
| 组别 | TC(mmol/L) | TG(mmol/L) | HDL(mmol/L) | LDL(mmol/L) |
| 空白对照组 | 2.40±0.85 | 1.08±0.12 | 1.22±0.28 | 0.70±0.29 |
| 肥胖模型组 | 3.70±0.64△△△ | 1.70±0.31△△△ | 1.20±0.17△△△ | 1.75±0.64△△△ |
| 本发明3.0g/kg | 2.69±0.60*** | 1.13±0.18*** | 1.55±0.33** | 0.79±0.47*** |
| 本发明1.5g/kg | 3.18±0.66* | 1.36±0.28* | 1.48±0.28* | 1.32±0.49* |
| 本发明0.75g/kg | 3.63±0.85 | 1.34±0.24* | 1.30±0.27 | 1.56±0.59 |
注：与空白对照组比较：△△△P＜0.001；与模型组比较*P＜0.05，**P＜0.01，***P＜0.001。
结果表明：玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品能明显降低肥胖小鼠体重、脂肪指数、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量，对肥胖小鼠血清中高密度脂蛋白(HDL)有明显的升高作用，证明其具有明显减少体重减肥作用。
试验例2玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品通便、抗便秘功能试验
本试验例采用实施例生产的玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品。
(一)对正常小鼠胃肠推进功能的影响
将48只小鼠随机分成4组,空白对照组及本发明玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品3.0、1.5、0.75g/kg三个剂量饲喂组。每天饲喂一次，连续饲喂10天。末次饲喂前12h将所有各组小鼠饥饿。末次饲喂后1h，给小鼠灌服由5％碳末、10％阿拉伯胶制成的悬液0.1ml/10g,20min后用颈椎脱臼法将动物处死，立即剖腹，将消化道自贲门至直肠末端完整地摘出。不加牵引，平铺于玻璃板上，测其全长，并记录碳末前沿到贲门的距离，计算其与胃肠道全长的百分比。结果见表4。
由表4结果可见，本发明玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品3.0、1.5g/kg剂量组对正常小鼠的胃小肠运动功能有明显的推进作用。
(二)对正常小鼠排便功能的影响
将48只小鼠随机分成4组,空白对照组及本发明玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品3.0、1.5、0.75g/kg三个剂量饲喂组。每天饲喂一次，连续饲喂10天。末次饲喂前12h将所有各组小鼠饥饿。末次饲喂后1h，给小鼠灌服1％墨汁水溶液0.1ml/10g,记录7h内小鼠排便粒数及排出第一粒黑便所需时间。结果见表5。
由表5结果可见，本发明玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品3.0、1.5g/kg剂量组能明显增加小鼠的排便次数，并能明显缩短小鼠的排便时间。
(三)对燥结型便秘模型小鼠排便功能的影响
取小鼠60只，将其中48只小鼠每天喂食大米，不喂水(包括一切含水的蔬菜等)，连续3d。这时小鼠出现小便赤黄，大便干结呈圆珠状,或串珠状，体重减轻，说明造模成功。将造模成功的48只小鼠随机分成4组。便秘模型组及本发明玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品3.0、1.5、0.75g/kg三个剂量饲喂组。将剩余12只小鼠作为空白对照组。每天饲喂一次，连续饲喂7天。末次饲喂后1h，给小鼠灌服1％墨汁水溶液0.1ml/10g,记录4h和8h小鼠排便粒数。结果见表6。
由表6结果可见，本发明玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品3.0、1.5g/kg剂量组能明显增加燥结型便秘小鼠的排便次数，且3.0g/kg剂量组效果最好。
实验结果表明玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品对正常小鼠胃小肠运动功能有明显的推进作用，明显增加正常和燥结型便秘小鼠的排便次数，缩短小鼠的排便时间，证明其具有明显通便、抗便秘作用。
表4.玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品对正常小鼠胃肠推进功能的影响
| 组别 | 动物数(只) | 墨汁推进百分率(％) |
| 空白对照组 | 12 | 73.85±7.83 |
| 本发明3.0g/kg | 12 | 89.36±7.63△△△ |
| 本发明1.5g/kg | 12 | 84.64±6.19△△△ |
| 本发明0.75g/kg | 12 | 76.58±9.44 |
注：与空白对照组比较：△△△P＜0.001
表5.玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品对正常小鼠排便功能的影响
| 组别 | 动物数(只) | 7h内排便量/粒 | 排黑便时间/h |
| 空白对照组 | 12 | 5.60±1.54 | 3.28±0.33 |
| 本发明3.0g/kg | 12 | 7.78±1.15△△△ | 2.38±0.27△△△ |
| 本发明1.5g/kg | 12 | 7.43±1.91△△ | 2.62±0.31△△ |
| 本发明0.75g/kg | 12 | 6.85±1.81 | 2.88±0.50 |
注：与空白对照组比较：△P＜0.05，△△P＜0.01，△△△P＜0.001
表6.玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品对燥结型便秘模型小鼠排便功能的影响
| 组别 | 动物数(只) | 4h内排便量/粒 | 8h内排便量/粒 |
| 空白对照组 | 12 | 13.02±3.43 | 18.94±4.62 |
| 便秘模型组 | 12 | 7.76±2.41△△△ | 10.43±2.36△△△ |
| 本发明3.0g/kg | 12 | 13.51±6.06** | 17.51±4.89*** |
| 本发明1.5g/kg | 12 | 12.51±4.33** | 15.51±5.28* |
| 本发明0.75g/kg | 12 | 9.26±2.24 | 12.18±2.70 |
注：与空白对照组比较：△△△P＜0.001；
与模型组比较*P＜0.05，**P＜0.01，***P＜0.001。
Claims (2)
1.玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品，其特征在于是由下列步骤得到的：
(一)原辅料配比
按质量份数：玉米粉100份，山楂12～15份、山药10～12份、决明子3～5份、乌龙茶1～3份、陈皮1～3份、白菊花1～3份、荷叶0.5～0.8份、莱菔子0.3～0.5份、麦芽0.1～0.3份、甘草1～3份；
(二)原辅料制备、预处理
玉米粉制备：将成熟黄色玉米籽粒筛选除杂，用流动水漂洗干净，加水浸泡，加水量没过玉米籽粒2cm，浸泡温度25～30℃，浸泡时间2～3天，检查玉米粒的胚芽膨胀、萌发，但不突破玉米种皮，捞出、流动水洗涤3～5min，研磨破碎，得到可全部通过100目或120目的玉米粉，备用；山楂洗涤干净，去核，磨制成可通过80～120目果酱，备用；山药洗涤干净，去皮，磨制成可通过80～120目酱状料，备用；决明子、乌龙茶、陈皮、白菊花、荷叶、莱菔子清理、筛选去除不可食用杂质，精细粉碎得到可全部通过120～160目粉末，备用；麦芽、甘草于45～60℃、搅拌速率30～60r/min的条件下回流浸提与分离3次，第1次料水比按质量比1∶(7～8)，第2次料水比按质量比1∶(5～6)，第3次料水比按质量比1∶(3～4)，合并3次提取液，过滤得到可全部通过180～200目孔径筛的提取液，备用；
(三)软化、糅合
将经过步骤(一)、(二)处理的原辅料送入球磨机进行保温研磨、软化及糅合，转速30～50r/min，研磨时间2～6h，温度30～36℃，直至混合料呈现柔软的、组织状态均匀一致的面团，停止研磨，备用；
(四)杀菌与膨松脆化
将步骤(三)首先进行单向压延，压辊间隙3～4mm，然后旋转90°再次压延，压辊间隙1～2mm，然后辊切成型，得到厚度1～2mm、直径2～5mm的饼坯，进行微波杀菌、膨松脆化处理，调整微波处理功率及处理时间使饼坯膨胀比为2～4倍，即为最终产品。
2.如权利要求1所述的玉米抗便秘减肥健康食品的生产方法，其特征在于包括下列步骤：
(一)原辅料配比
按质量份数：玉米粉100份，山楂12～15份、山药10～12份、决明子3～5份、乌龙茶1～3份、陈皮1～3份、白菊花1～3份、荷叶0.5～0.8份、莱菔子0.3～0.5份、麦芽0.1～0.3份、甘草1～3份；
(二)原辅料制备、预处理
玉米粉制备：将成熟黄色玉米籽粒筛选除杂，用流动水漂洗干净，加水浸泡，加水量没过玉米籽粒2cm，浸泡温度25～30℃，浸泡时间2～3天，检查玉米粒的胚芽膨胀、萌发，但不突破玉米种皮，捞出、流动水洗涤3～5min，研磨破碎，得到可全部通过100目或120目的玉米粉，备用；山楂洗涤干净，去核，磨制成可通过80～120目果酱，备用；山药洗涤干净，去皮，磨制成可通过80～120目酱状料，备用；决明子、乌龙茶、陈皮、白菊花、荷叶、莱菔子清理、筛选去除不可食用杂质，精细粉碎得到可全部通过120～160目粉末，备用；麦芽、甘草于45～60℃、搅拌速率30～60r/min的条件下回流浸提与分离3次，第1次料水比按质量比1∶(7～8)，第2次料水比按质量比1∶(5～6)，第3次料水比按质量比1∶(3～4)，合并3次提取液，过滤得到可全部通过180～200目孔径筛的提取液，备用；
(三)软化、糅合
将经过步骤(一)、(二)处理的原辅料送入球磨机进行保温研磨、软化及糅合，转速30～50r/min，研磨时间2～6h，温度30～36℃，直至混合料呈现柔软的、组织状态均匀一致的面团，停止研磨，备用；
(四)杀菌与膨松脆化
将步骤(三)首先进行单向压延，压辊间隙3～4mm，然后旋转90°再次压延，压辊间隙1～2mm，然后辊切成型，得到厚度1～2mm、直径2～5mm的饼坯，进行微波杀菌、膨松脆化处理，调整微波处理功率及处理时间使饼坯膨胀比为2～4倍。
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| CN109349374A (zh) * | 2018-07-27 | 2019-02-19 | 新兴县永祥中药饮片厂有限公司 | 一种减肥茶及其制备方法 |
| CN109820017A (zh) * | 2017-11-23 | 2019-05-31 | 天津市什祥斋食品有限公司 | 一种降三高的麻花及其制备方法 |
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