CN104396672A - Orchard soil layer management water-fertilizer-saving root and tree nurturing technical method - Google Patents
Orchard soil layer management water-fertilizer-saving root and tree nurturing technical method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104396672A CN104396672A CN201410692218.8A CN201410692218A CN104396672A CN 104396672 A CN104396672 A CN 104396672A CN 201410692218 A CN201410692218 A CN 201410692218A CN 104396672 A CN104396672 A CN 104396672A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0262—Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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Abstract
The invention discloses an orchard soil layer management water-fertilizer-saving root and tree nurturing technical method. By combing functional characteristics of an apple root system, the method of surface layer covering, middle layer micro-complementing and lower layer water reserving is adopted, and a local stability excellent environment suitable for root growth is established, so that aims of water and fertilizer conservation, leaf protection, and root and tree nurturing are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit tree cultivation technical field, be specially the fertile root of supporting of a kind of orchard soil multi-zone supervision water saving joint and strengthen tree technical method.
Background technology
1, the rising water of fruit tree is mainly from soil natural water.Irrigate and improve top layer water content, improve the transpiration of superficial water, the rising consumption of relative suppression underground water and the arid of irrigating gap suppresses radicula Absorbance linear-combination Spectrophotometry amount to increase, the optimization of topsoil environment enriches organ normal development to prevent the old and feeble key keeping organ orthofunction.After irrigating ponding and rising, evaporation, arid is that induction superficial roots declines the main cause that withered and redundancy consumes interval, is also destroy groundwater supply to coordinate, causes the main cause of a large amount of hyperplasia of ABA and wilting on the ground.Fruit water requirement greatly can not lack of water, and irrigation must be supplied water, but irrigation technique has duality to root growth on the ground.When soil moisture is saturated, most of new root is died, and causes the of short duration decline of root function; When soil moisture is applicable to root growth, root system vigorous growth under water, nitrogen induction, causes 2 secondary growths of tree body autumn growth vegetative shoot, waste trunk infusion.Observe according to Wang Huatian system of teaching, actual measurement proves in loam orchard 25, Feicheng Nian Sheng Fuji garden, and the annual water consumption of a strain apple tree is at about 21.8kg, and the main source of these moisture is underground water, natural precipitation.
2, the new root of apple tree comprises Extensive root and the large class of Absorbance linear-combination Spectrophotometry two.Absorbance linear-combination Spectrophotometry is the major part of nutrient, moisture absorption, and the material that it absorbs mainly supplies tree body bottom and first blade formed, and ensures that blade perfects function, can prevent leaf senile, control the prosperous length of autumn growth.Find from the test to two class root inductions, the generation of water, nitrogen induced growth root, the matrix based on organic matter and good aeration condition are the prerequisites of induction Absorbance linear-combination Spectrophotometry.
3, the soil environment of local optimum improvement root system concentration zones 20%, just can improve the structure of root system, and that improves optimization district follows capacity, strengthens root function, is grown by the redundancy of allelopathy restriction unoptimizable improvement region root system simultaneously.An apple tree has the root system of local quality structure to combine, and the organ that can affect overall plant is built.In addition, in improvement condition, under putting forward H.D prerequisite, local optimum improvement root system can meet the demand of plant to mineral nutrition to the absorption of mineral nutrition.
4, in the mineral nutrition of fertilising, general based on nitrogenous fertilizer, excessive fertilization is devoted exclusive attention to output, think that nitrogenous fertilizer has played important effect in promotion plant photosynthesis process, execute loss and pollution that nitrogen causes soil nitrogenous fertilizer in a large number, the demand of in fact perennial fruit tree mineral nutrition is to external world little.In dry matter, 92% is carbohydrate, and 2% is the mineral nutrition really needing supply, and the function of element is greater than demand.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above weak point, provide that a kind of orchard soil multi-zone supervision water saving joint is fertile supports root strong tree technical method, effectively can slow down infiltration rate degree under the moisture of top layer, increased water use efficiency, optimize soil physico-chemical property, and BC soil water content can be kept, reduce irrigation frequency; Processing region obviously increases distribution and the amount of growth of root system, especially top layer Absorbance linear-combination Spectrophotometry quantity increase, life;
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of orchard soil multi-zone supervision water saving joint is fertile supports root strong tree technical method, includes following steps:
(1), dig long 120cm, wide 100cm, the ditch of dark 60cm between two fruit trees adjacent in two row fruit trees in the cultivation of the orchard of Root growth in the ranks, the native layering of digging out is stacked;
(2) with the water conservation wall of 16 pieces of brick one-tenth, 4 × 4 layers of pattern in the ditch dug out in previous step, the organic compound thing of 1-3cm fill gaps between brick and brick, is retained;
(3) respectively fill the long 40cm of upper base in water conservation wall both sides, the long 120cm that goes to the bottom, high 40cm, dark 50cm trapezoidal root system suitable growth district, pour water on a small quantity on brick when arid, soil ditching in the first step dug out fully mixes with fertilizer 20-30kg, charcoal 1.5-2.5kg, composite fertilizer 0.25-0.5kg, in back-filling trench, table soil under, deep soil is upper;
(4) after backfill, tread, each ditch waters 50-70kg on water conservation wall;
Etc. (5) after water penetrates into bottom completely, within second day, fill and lead up with soil again, put the ridge back of the body in order, surface coverage plastic film, organic waste or sward organic layer, realize no-tillage, the water storage of brick ditch or draining in rainy season, usual fertilising is ditched long 100cm from Second Year between strain, wide 40cm, dark 30cm, tamp the 25-35kg that pours water after the fertilizer 20-30kg that often spreads manuer in holes, composite fertilizer 0.4-0.6kg and soil mix; Within 8 years, turn over and once keep root system to upgrade.
Further, described brick is common brick for building or planting brick, planting brick be purchase the green source organic fertilizer Co., Ltd in Yantai City nutritive cube (brick) or use patent name be: a kind of horticultural crop composite biological nutrient medium and preparation method thereof, the patent No. is Nutrient medium disclosed in the patent of 2011103217717.
Further, the composition of described organic compound thing is: fertilizer 20-30kg, charcoal 1.5-2.5kg, composite fertilizer 0.25-0.5kg, loam, and the volume ratio of matrix and loam is 1:3, and matrix refers to the material in organic compound thing except loam.
Orchard soil multi-zone supervision water saving joint of the present invention is fertile supports root strong tree technical method, take Surface mulch, the micro-benefit in middle level, lower floor's water storage in conjunction with root system of the apple functional characteristic, set up the excellent environment of local stability, suitable root growth, realize water saving, joint is fertile and protect leaf, support the target that root strengthens tree.Namely carrying out Surface mulch, reduce evaporation, stablize ground temperature, local optimum, reduce redundancy consumption, by artificially creating the stable environmental condition of moisture, nutrient, ventilation, overcoming the obstacle that all affect rhizospheric environment, adjustment root structure; Middle level adopts the method for infiltrating irrigation micro-benefit, and 40-60cm soil layer is the maximum region of moisture transpiration, water-storage capacity, and appropriate micro-benefit can ensure that tree vigo(u)r is stablized, balanced tree body water deficit; Lower floor's water storage, fruit tree is to provide the part supplied water in the anniversary at the deep layer root system of below 60cm, utilize the measure such as rainfall and irrigation to cover lower floor's storage, realize moisture benign cycle.Conscientiously can improve China's knob arid, improve leaf bud quality and stored nutrient level, prevent early ageing and redundancy consumption, to increase apple production, improve a practical technique of fruit quality.Being that target reaches the strong tree of foster root from improving root function and leaf bud quality, improving storage level, for high grade producing lays the foundation.
Under the prerequisite of Ridged plant, at fruit tree furrow place in the ranks, tree body side surface longitudinally buries water storage carrier (common brick for building, planting brick etc.), utilizes brick water suction moisturizing to improve stable water supply at the middle and upper levels, can keep the stable of its annex about 20cm root growth rich water.Can absorb 0.8-1.3 kg water after one piece of brick fully absorbs water, maintain the needs of supporting root for 45-56 days, improve the soil in the local, both sides of brick, fill organic manure, create and stablize Yang Gen district, set up a good Vegetation space for setting body, brick and brick strengthen space, prevention soil plug, can keep when rainfall is less moistening, when rainfall is large, below 60cm can be penetrated into by gap, supply the principle of Natural Water, play the effect of water storage.
In order to protect topsoil; two between wide row domatic on carry out organic materials or covered rearing with plastic film, reduce moisture evaporation, organic covering do not affect moisture evaporation; reduce weeds; soil lower floor reduces no-tillage, and this method through the time of 3 years, can save chemical fertilizer more than 2/5; except filling is poured water; in the normal time, can natural precipitation be relied on completely, not need additionally to pour water again.
The present invention is found by test, comparatively obvious on the impact of orchard soil water content, and effectively can slow down infiltration rate degree under the moisture of top layer, increased water use efficiency, optimizes soil physico-chemical property, and can keep BC soil water content, reduces irrigation frequency; Processing region obviously increases distribution and the amount of growth of root system, especially top layer Absorbance linear-combination Spectrophotometry quantity increase, life;
Research shows, this technical system can significantly improve the content of Regularity of Chlorophyll Content in Fruit Trees, and greatly improve fruit tree nutrient accumulation ability, blade is thick, and color is dark, but the fruit tree to different cultivars, increase effect different.Effective amount of growth improving fruit tree result brachyplast, increases number and the bud satiation degree of fruit tree terminal bud and axillalry bud scale, effectively improves organic accumulation, increase nutrient to store, for fruit tree growth in next year accumulates enough nutrients, realize Sustainable high yield, stable yields, solve apple production biennial bearing phenomenon.Soil moisture content stablize, tree vigo(u)r balance, dehiscent fruit reduce, the fruit external quality of apple and interior quality better.
To the defoliation of fruit trees phase, the present invention can effectively alleviate leaf membrane-lipid peroxidating, delays fruit tree leaf aging rate, extends leaf photosynthesis period, for fruit tree accumulates more nutrient.In addition, POD content can also be increased, improve the ability that fruit tree resists active oxygen injury.
Accompanying drawing explanation
It is design sketch of the present invention shown in Fig. 1;
The leaf bud contrast effect figure of common management of the present invention and three layers of saving water measurement shown in Fig. 2;
The blade contrast effect figure of common management of the present invention and three layers of saving water measurement shown in Fig. 3;
The tree vigo(u)r contrast effect figure of common management of the present invention and three layers of saving water measurement shown in Fig. 4;
It is the tree vigo(u)r contrast effect figure design sketch of common management of the present invention and three layers of saving water measurement shown in Fig. 5.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
A kind of orchard soil multi-zone supervision water saving joint is fertile supports root strong tree technical method, includes following steps:
(1), dig long 120cm, wide 100cm, the ditch of dark 60cm between two fruit trees adjacent in two row fruit trees in the cultivation of the orchard of Root growth in the ranks, the native layering of digging out is stacked;
(2) the water conservation wall of 4 × 4 layers of pattern is built in the ditch dug out in previous step with 16 blocks of common bricks for building, brick is of a size of 240 × 115 × 53mm, the organic compound thing of 1-3cm fill gaps is retained: fertilizer 20kg, charcoal 1.5kg, composite fertilizer 0.25kg, loam between brick and brick, the volume ratio of matrix and loam is 1:3, is conducive to root system and passes and growth;
(3) respectively fill the long 40cm of upper base in water conservation wall both sides, the long 120cm that goes to the bottom, high 40cm, dark 50cm trapezoidal root system suitable growth district, in order to fine root production, water tariff collection stable water supply on the adsorbable brick of radicula, pour water on a small quantity on brick when arid, soil ditching in the first step dug out fully mixes with fertilizer 20kg, charcoal 1.5kg, composite fertilizer 0.25kg, in back-filling trench, table soil under, deep soil is upper;
(4) after backfill, tread, each ditch waters 50kg on water conservation wall;
Etc. (5) after water penetrates into bottom completely, within second day, fill and lead up with soil again, put the ridge back of the body in order, surface coverage plastic film, organic waste or sward organic layer, realize no-tillage, the water storage of brick ditch or draining in rainy season, usual fertilising is ditched long 100cm from Second Year between strain, wide 40cm, dark 30cm, tamp the 25kg that pours water after the fertilizer 30kg that often spreads manuer in holes, composite fertilizer 0.4kg and soil mix.Within 8 years, turn over and once keep root system to upgrade.
Embodiment 2
A kind of orchard soil multi-zone supervision water saving joint is fertile supports root strong tree technical method, includes following steps:
(1), dig long 120cm, wide 100cm, the ditch of dark 60cm between two fruit trees adjacent in two row fruit trees in the cultivation of the orchard of Root growth in the ranks, the native layering of digging out is stacked;
(2) the water conservation wall of 4 × 4 layers of pattern is built in the ditch dug out in previous step with 16 blocks of planting bricks, brick is of a size of 240 × 115 × 53mm, retain the organic compound thing of 1-3cm fill gaps between brick and brick: fertilizer 30kg, charcoal 2.5kg, composite fertilizer 0.5kg, loam, the volume ratio of matrix and loam is 1:3;
(3) respectively fill the long 40cm of upper base in water conservation wall both sides, the long 120cm that goes to the bottom, high 40cm, dark 50cm trapezoidal root system suitable growth district, pour water on a small quantity on brick when arid, soil ditching in the first step dug out and organic materials or fertilizer 30kg, charcoal 2.5kg, composite fertilizer 0.5kg fully mix, in back-filling trench, table soil under, deep soil is upper;
(4) after backfill, tread, each ditch waters 70kg on water conservation wall;
Etc. (5) after water penetrates into bottom completely, within second day, fill and lead up with soil again, put the ridge back of the body in order, surface coverage plastic film, organic waste or sward organic layer, realize no-tillage, the water storage of brick ditch or draining in rainy season, usual fertilising is ditched long 100cm from Second Year between strain, wide 40cm, dark 30cm, tamp the 35kg that pours water after the fertilizer 20kg that often spreads manuer in holes, composite fertilizer 0.6kg and soil mix.Within 8 years, turn over and once keep root system to upgrade.
Embodiment 3 one kinds of orchard soil multi-zone supervision water saving joints are fertile supports root strong tree technical method, includes following steps:
(1), dig long 120cm, wide 100cm, the ditch of dark 60cm between two fruit trees adjacent in two row fruit trees in the cultivation of the orchard of Root growth in the ranks, the native layering of digging out is stacked;
(2) the water conservation wall of 4 × 4 layers of pattern is built in the ditch dug out in previous step with 16 blocks of common bricks for building, brick is of a size of 240 × 115 × 53mm, the organic compound thing of 1-3cm fill gaps is retained: fertilizer 25kg, charcoal 2kg, composite fertilizer 0.4kg, loam between brick and brick, the volume ratio of matrix and loam is 1:3, is conducive to root system and passes and growth;
(3) respectively fill the long 40cm of upper base in water conservation wall both sides, the long 120cm that goes to the bottom, high 40cm, dark 50cm trapezoidal root system suitable growth district, in order to fine root production, water tariff collection stable water supply on the adsorbable brick of radicula, pour water on a small quantity on brick when arid, soil ditching in the first step dug out fully mixes with fertilizer 25kg, charcoal 2kg, composite fertilizer 0.35kg, in back-filling trench, table soil under, deep soil is upper;
(4) after backfill, tread, each ditch waters 60kg on water conservation wall;
Etc. (5) after water penetrates into bottom completely, within second day, fill and lead up with soil again, put the ridge back of the body in order, surface coverage plastic film, organic waste or sward organic layer, realize no-tillage, the water storage of brick ditch or draining in rainy season, usual fertilising is ditched long 100cm from Second Year between strain, wide 40cm, dark 30cm, tamp the 30kg that pours water after the fertilizer 25kg that often spreads manuer in holes, composite fertilizer 0.5kg and soil mix.Within 8 years, turn over and once keep root system to upgrade.
Embodiment 4
A kind of orchard soil multi-zone supervision water saving joint is fertile supports root strong tree technical method, includes following steps:
(1), dig long 120cm, wide 100cm, the ditch of dark 60cm between two fruit trees adjacent in two row fruit trees in the cultivation of the orchard of Root growth in the ranks, the native layering of digging out is stacked;
(2) the water conservation wall of 4 × 4 layers of pattern is built in the ditch dug out in previous step with 16 blocks of planting bricks, brick is of a size of 240 × 115 × 53mm, retain the organic compound thing of 1-3cm fill gaps between brick and brick: fertilizer 20kg, charcoal 1.5kg, composite fertilizer 0.25kg, loam, the volume ratio of matrix and loam is 1:3;
(3) respectively fill the long 40cm of upper base in water conservation wall both sides, the long 120cm that goes to the bottom, high 40cm, dark 50cm trapezoidal root system suitable growth district, pour water on a small quantity on brick when arid, soil ditching in the first step dug out and organic materials or fertilizer 25kg, charcoal 2kg, composite fertilizer 0.4kg fully mix, in back-filling trench, table soil under, deep soil is upper;
(4) after backfill, tread, each ditch waters 65kg on water conservation wall;
Etc. (5) after water penetrates into bottom completely, within second day, fill and lead up with soil again, put the ridge back of the body in order, surface coverage plastic film, organic waste or sward organic layer, realize no-tillage, the water storage of brick ditch or draining in rainy season, usual fertilising is ditched long 100cm from Second Year between strain, wide 40cm, dark 30cm, tamp the 30kg that pours water after the fertilizer 28kg that often spreads manuer in holes, composite fertilizer 0.45kg and soil mix.Within 8 years, turn over and once keep root system to upgrade.
Certainly, above-mentioned explanation is not limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is also not limited in above-mentioned citing, and the change that those skilled in the art make in essential scope of the present invention, remodeling, interpolation or replacement also should belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. orchard soil multi-zone supervision water saving joint is fertile supports a root strong tree technical method, it is characterized in that: include following steps:
(1), dig long 120cm, wide 100cm, the ditch of dark 60cm between two fruit trees adjacent in two row fruit trees in the cultivation of the orchard of Root growth in the ranks, the native layering of digging out is stacked;
(2) with the water conservation wall of 16 pieces of brick one-tenth, 4 × 4 layers of pattern in the ditch dug out in previous step, the organic compound thing of 1-3cm fill gaps between brick and brick, is retained;
(3) respectively fill the long 40cm of upper base in water conservation wall both sides, the long 120cm that goes to the bottom, high 40cm, dark 50cm trapezoidal root system suitable growth district, pour water on a small quantity on brick when arid, soil ditching in the first step dug out fully mixes with fertilizer 20-30kg, charcoal 1.5-2.5kg, composite fertilizer 0.25-0.5kg, in back-filling trench, table soil under, deep soil is upper;
(4) after backfill, tread, each ditch waters 50-70kg on water conservation wall;
Etc. (5) after water penetrates into bottom completely, within second day, fill and lead up with soil again, put the ridge back of the body in order, surface coverage plastic film, organic waste or sward organic layer, realize no-tillage, the water storage of brick ditch or draining in rainy season, usual fertilising is ditched long 100cm from Second Year between strain, wide 40cm, dark 30cm, tamp the 25-35kg that pours water after the fertilizer 20-30kg that often spreads manuer in holes, composite fertilizer 0.4-0.6kg and soil mix; Within 8 years, turn over and once keep root system to upgrade.
2. orchard soil multi-zone supervision water saving joint according to claim 1 is fertile supports root strong tree technical method, it is characterized in that: described brick is common brick for building or planting brick.
3. orchard soil multi-zone supervision water saving joint according to claim 1 is fertile supports root strong tree technical method, it is characterized in that: the composition of described organic compound thing is: fertilizer 20-30kg, charcoal 1.5-2.5kg, composite fertilizer 0.25-0.5kg, loam, the volume ratio of matrix and loam is 1:3.
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| CN112586326A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-02 | 烟台市谦益生物科技有限公司 | A layering fertile reservoir for fruit tree |
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| CN106105725A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2016-11-16 | 莆田秀屿区群韬农业技术开发有限公司 | A kind of method of soil layering plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti |
| CN106105725B (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2019-05-28 | 新昌县大船畈生物科技有限公司 | A kind of method of soil layering plantation tomato |
| CN106718596A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-05-31 | 北京市园林科学研究院 | A kind of shade tree deep water supplement rejuvenation device and method of construction and application |
| CN107466516A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-12-15 | 青岛农业大学 | Orchard veteran deep soil modification method |
| CN108513849A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-09-11 | 上海市园林科学规划研究院 | A method of the more caves of plantation arbor are layered consumption solid waste |
| CN111357455A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2020-07-03 | 浙江省亚热带作物研究所 | Method for improving soil and improving fertility of pomelo orchard by using charcoal |
| CN112586326A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-02 | 烟台市谦益生物科技有限公司 | A layering fertile reservoir for fruit tree |
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