CN112586326A - A layering fertile reservoir for fruit tree - Google Patents
A layering fertile reservoir for fruit tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN112586326A CN112586326A CN202011471004.XA CN202011471004A CN112586326A CN 112586326 A CN112586326 A CN 112586326A CN 202011471004 A CN202011471004 A CN 202011471004A CN 112586326 A CN112586326 A CN 112586326A
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- fertilizer
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G29/00—Root feeders; Injecting fertilisers into the roots
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C3/00—Treating manure; Manuring
- A01C3/02—Storage places for manure, e.g. cisterns for liquid manure; Installations for fermenting manure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/02—Arrangement of sewer pipe-lines or pipe-line systems
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a layered fertilizer reservoir for fruit trees, which comprises a top cover, a fertilizer reservoir body with an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer of 3 layers, a ventilating drain pipe vertically penetrating through the fertilizer reservoir body, and a perforated package wrapping the fertilizer reservoir body. The upper layer is a vacant layer; the middle layer is an organic and macroelement nutrition layer and also serves as a water collection and retention layer; the lower layer is a medium trace element nutrition layer. When the fertilizer-water reservoir is used, the layered fertilizer-water reservoir is placed below the outer side of the crown of a fruit tree, the depth is 60-70 cm, and 3-4 fertilizer-water reservoirs are placed around each fruit tree, so that roots can be led to enter the deep soil, the water supply of the root system is stabilized, comprehensive organic nutrition, macroelement, secondary element and trace element mineral nutrition are provided for the fruit trees, and the sensitive area of the root system is protected under drought and waterlogging conditions; can promote the root system to absorb a large amount of roots and reduce the vigorous growth of the growing roots, thereby guiding the tree vigor to be balanced and stable and preventing the tree vigor from being too vigorous.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a structure and component design of a fruit tree layered fertilizer reservoir.
Background
Irrigation and fertilization of fruit trees are the most important farm operations in the growth process of fruit trees. Irrigation involves the balance of artificial watering, natural precipitation, fruit tree transpiration water consumption and soil moisture evaporation; fertilization involves the combination of a mineral fertilizer (i.e., a fertilizer) and an organic fertilizer. Under the natural conditions in the north of China, the seasonal characteristics of cold winter, drought in spring and waterlogging in summer are very obvious. Taking apples as an example, farmers in northern China usually implement a '3-fertilizer 5-water' irrigation fertilization mode, namely applying fertilizer 3 times every year and watering 5 times. In an orchard using water and fertilizer integrated facilities (such as a spray irrigation system or a drip irrigation system), base fertilizer mainly comprising organic fertilizer is usually applied once in autumn, and the base fertilizer is irrigated for many times along with the change of climate and growth vigor of fruit trees in the growth process of the fruit trees; and applying fertilizer with water soluble fertilizer while irrigating.
The above 3 irrigation and fertilization modes have their advantages and disadvantages. The traditional irrigation and fertilization mode of farmers of 3 fertilizers and 5 water does not need to invest in fixed assets such as equipment and pipelines; but the operation is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the efficiency is low, and the utilization rate of the water and the fertilizer is low. Particularly in plots without irrigation conditions or water sources, a theoretical 5-time watering is practically impossible to achieve.
If the sprinkling irrigation system and the drip irrigation system are used for carrying out the water-fertilizer integrated fertigation mode, a large amount of labor cost can be saved, and higher fertilizer-water utilization efficiency is achieved, namely, the utilization rate of water can be improved, and the waste of fertilizer can be reduced. The system only needs to invest fixed assets such as irrigation equipment and the like, such as a water pump, a fertilizer dissolving tank, a filter, a corresponding pipeline system and the like. In addition, the spray irrigation and drip irrigation modes developed and popularized in western countries have the defects that cannot be overcome under the climatic conditions in the north of China.
For a sprinkler irrigation system, water is uniformly distributed on the ground and slowly seeps down when the sprinkler irrigation system waters and fertilizes, and in order to avoid waste of water and fertilizer, watering is usually stopped until the water holding capacity on the ground is maximum. At the moment, the water and the fertilizer are not fully infiltrated, and the root system is influenced by the characteristic of being fertilized by water and rises to the ground, and the phenomenon is called that the root system floats upwards. Because the winter in the north of China is far lower than the winter low temperature in the developed countries in the west, the root system caused by the sprinkling irrigation system floats upwards, the root system is frostbitten in winter, and the healthy growth of fruit trees in and after spring is influenced.
In the case of a drip irrigation system, the irrigation and fertilization are carried out on the same point on the ground all the year round, and the soil below the point is subjected to secondary salinization due to continuous accumulation of fertilizers. And the characteristic of the root system that the root system is fertilized to water just leads the root system to grow to the soil below the point, thereby causing the damage of salinization to the root system. In addition, fruit trees require a large amount of potash fertilizer in the fruit expansion period in summer, which is positive in rainy seasons in China. In order to apply potash fertilizer to soil, orchards equipped with drip irrigation systems have to irrigate soil with saturated water with water in which potash fertilizer is dissolved, resulting in local water logging in the root zone and retting of the roots.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the current situation, the invention provides the layered fertilizer reservoir for the fruit trees, which guides the root system to grow to the deep underground and prevents the cold injury to the root system caused by low temperature in winter; rainwater is collected and stored at the depth of the root area where the fruit trees absorb water, rapid infiltration and evaporation of water are prevented, and stable water supply is provided for the fruit trees in dry seasons; in rainy season, excessive rainwater is quickly drained to the deep soil, so that damage of waterlogging to sensitive root layers is prevented; because the fertilizer reservoir is composed of slow-release organic fertilizer and mineral nutrition, the fertilizer can be decomposed and provided for fruit trees. The buried fertilizer reservoir replaces the application of organic fertilizer. In the orchard in northern China, the effects of no watering and accurate fertilization can be realized all the year round.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a layered fertilizer reservoir for fruit trees, the fertilizer reservoir comprising: the rainwater guide flows into fertile reservoir and prevents the top cap of rainwater evaporation, contains the fertile reservoir body of upper, middle and lower 3 layers, and the ventilative drain pipe that runs through fertile reservoir body perpendicularly, the extranal packing that punches is wrapped up in the outside of fertile reservoir body.
Preferably, the top cover is circular, the diameter of the top cover is 40-50 cm, the middle of the top cover is low, the periphery of the top cover is high, and the height of the top cover is 5-10 cm; a round hole with the diameter of 5cm is arranged in the middle of the top cover 3. The top cover can catch rainwater when raining and guide the rainwater to enter the fertilizer reservoir from the middle round hole. In sunny days, the top cover can prevent sunlight from directly irradiating the fertilizer reservoir body, so that the temperature of the fertilizer reservoir body is kept stable, and the rate of water evaporation in the fertilizer reservoir body is reduced.
Preferably, the diameter of the fertilizer reservoir body is 30cm, and the height of the fertilizer reservoir body is 60-70 cm.
Preferably, the ventilation and drainage pipe is of a porous hard plastic structure and is wrapped by a sponge material; the diameter of the fertilizer water reservoir is 5cm, the length of the fertilizer water reservoir is 50-60 cm, the bottom of the fertilizer water reservoir is flush with the bottom of the lower layer of the fertilizer water reservoir body, and the top of the fertilizer water reservoir body leaks out of the upper edge of the middle layer by 5-10 cm.
The upper layer of the fertilizer reservoir body is a vacant layer, no substance is added, the height is 15-20 cm, and the preferable height is 20 cm. The middle layer is 40-50 cm in height, is an organic and macroelement nutrition layer and also serves as a water collection and retention layer, substances in the middle layer comprise 400-800 g of water retention agent, and the rest of organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer slow-release nano carbon are mixed according to the weight ratio of 9:1 and then the middle layer is filled. The formula of the organic fertilizer is as follows: 25kg of fermented organic fertilizer, 0.1-0.5 kg of urea, 0.05-0.2 kg of diammonium phosphate, 0.2-1 kg of potassium sulfate, 0.1-0.5 kg of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.01-0.1 kg of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 0.01-0.05 kg of zinc sulfate heptahydrate and 0.01-0.05 kg of boric acid. The lower layer of the fertilizer reservoir body is also called a medium trace element layer, the height is 5-10 cm, preferably 10cm, and calcium and magnesium medium elements are added into soil.
The layered fertilizer water reservoir is placed below the outer side of the crown of the fruit tree, the depth of the layered fertilizer water reservoir is 60-70 cm, and 3-4 layered fertilizer water reservoirs are placed around each fruit tree.
Through burying the layering fertilizer reservoir underground deeply, guide the downward growth of root system, prevent that winter low temperature from causing the frostbite to the root system. In spring, the top cover of the layered fertilizer reservoir prevents sunlight from irradiating underground parts and slows down water evaporation; when raining, rainwater falls on the top cover, flows into the fertilizer reservoir from the central hole, and is stored in the water-retaining agent on the middle layer of the fertilizer reservoir body, so that the rapid infiltration and loss of water are prevented; in rainy season in summer, when heavy rain falls, the rainwater can be rapidly discharged to the deep soil through the ventilating drain pipe in the fertilizer reservoir, and the damage of waterlogging to the root system sensitive area in the middle layer of the fertilizer reservoir is prevented. Meanwhile, the middle and lower layers of the fertilizer reservoir are mainly composed of organic fertilizers and various fertilizer elements, and contain fertilizer nutrition and organic nutrition required by growth and development of fruit trees. The layered fertilizer reservoir does not need to be watered under the daily climate condition in the north of China, and can be watered to a small amount in the fertilizer reservoir under the extremely drought condition. When the nutrition in the fertilizer reservoir is consumed more in the 2 nd year or the 3 rd year, water-soluble fertilizer can be poured into the fertilizer reservoir through the holes of the top cover and stored in the middle layer of the fertilizer reservoir.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the fertilizer-water reservoir can lead roots to enter deep soil, stabilize water supply of root systems, provide comprehensive organic nutrition, macroelement, secondary element and microelement mineral nutrition for fruit trees, and protect sensitive areas of the root systems under drought and waterlogging conditions; can promote the root system to absorb a large amount of roots and reduce the vigorous growth of the growing roots, thereby guiding the tree vigor to be balanced and stable and preventing the tree vigor from being too vigorous.
According to the invention, 3-4 layered fertilizer reservoirs are arranged on the projection outer edge of the crown of the apple tree, so that various factors such as spatial position, stable moisture, organic nutrition, large, medium and trace mineral element nutrition and the like of the growth of the root system of the apple tree are stabilized and regulated, watering is not required under the daily climate condition in the north of China, and a small amount of watering is needed in the fertilizer reservoirs under the extremely drought condition. The purposes of no watering, fertilizer saving, root system and tree vigor stabilization, stable yield and high yield are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a side view of a layered fertilizer reservoir of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the layered fertilizer reservoir of the present invention (without the top cover);
FIG. 3 is a side view of the deployment of the layered fertilizer reservoir of the present invention in an orchard;
in the figure, 1-top cover; 2-a fertilizer reservoir body; 3-ventilating drain pipe; 4, external packing; 21-upper layer; 22-middle layer; 23-lower layer; 11-circular hole.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While specific embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. The description which follows is a preferred embodiment of the invention, but is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
A layered fertilizer water reservoir for fruit trees, the layered fertilizer water reservoir comprising: the rainwater-proof and rain-proof fertilizer reservoir comprises a top cover 1 for guiding rainwater to flow into the fertilizer reservoir and preventing the rainwater from evaporating, a cylindrical fertilizer reservoir body 2 and a ventilation and drainage pipe 3, wherein the fertilizer reservoir body 2 is divided into an upper layer 21, a middle layer 22 and a lower layer 23; the ventilation and drainage pipe 3 vertically penetrates through the upper layer 21, the middle layer 22 and the lower layer 23, and the perforated outer package 4 is wrapped on the outer side of the fertilizer reservoir body 2.
The top cover 1 is circular, the diameter is 40-50 cm, the middle is low, the periphery is high, and the height is 5-10 cm; the top cover 1 is provided with a round hole 11 with the diameter of 5cm in the middle. The top cover 1 can catch rainwater when raining and guide the rainwater to enter the fertilizer reservoir from the middle round hole. In sunny days, the top cover 1 can prevent sunlight from directly irradiating the fertilizer reservoir body, so that the temperature of the fertilizer reservoir body is kept stable, and the rate of water evaporation in the fertilizer reservoir body is reduced.
The diameter of the fertilizer water reservoir body 2 is 30cm, and the height of the fertilizer water reservoir body is 60-70 cm. The upper layer 21 of the fertilizer reservoir body 2 is a vacant layer with the height of 15-20 cm; the height of the middle layer 22 is 40-50 cm, the substances in the middle layer 22 comprise 400-800 g of water-retaining agent, and the balance of organic fertilizer and nano activated carbon serving as an organic fertilizer slow-release agent are mixed according to the weight ratio of 9:1 and then the middle layer is filled. The formula of the organic fertilizer is as follows: 25kg of fermented organic fertilizer, 0.1-0.5 kg of urea, 0.05-0.2 kg of diammonium phosphate, 0.2-1 kg of potassium sulfate, 0.1-0.5 kg of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.01-0.1 kg of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 0.01-0.05 kg of zinc sulfate heptahydrate and 0.01-0.05 kg of boric acid. The height of the lower layer 23 is 5-10 cm, and medium elements such as calcium, magnesium and the like are added.
The ventilating and draining pipe 3 is of a porous hard plastic structure and is wrapped by sponge materials; the diameter of the fertilizer water reservoir is 5cm, the length of the fertilizer water reservoir is 50-60 cm, the bottom of the fertilizer water reservoir is flush with the bottom of the lower layer 23 of the fertilizer water reservoir body 2, and the top of the fertilizer water reservoir leaks out of the upper edge of the middle layer 22 by 5-10 cm.
In specific implementation, the middle layer 22 and the lower layer 23 of the fertilizer water reservoir body 2 and the air-permeable drain pipe 3 are assembled according to the structure, and then wrapped by the perforated outer package 4 to form a whole. The top cover 1 is used as a separate accessory and is placed in the perforated outer package 4 together with the fertilizer water reservoir body 2.
When the layered fertilizer reservoir is placed in an orchard, a round hole with the diameter of 30cm and the depth of 70-80 cm is drilled below the projection of the outer edge of the crown of a fruit tree by using equipment such as a ground auger or in a manual mode; and (3) directly putting the fertilizer water reservoir body 2 wrapped by the perforated outer package 4 into the round hole. At the entrance to a cave of fertilizer reservoir body 2 and round hole, the space of 15 ~ 20cm of natural formation is the upper 21 of fertilizer reservoir body promptly, then with the round hole 11 of top cap 1 downwards, place in the hole top and fix to collect the rainwater. The layered fertilizer water reservoir is placed below the outer side of the crown of the fruit tree, the depth of the layered fertilizer water reservoir is 60-70 cm, and 3-4 layered fertilizer water reservoirs are placed around each fruit tree.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The layered fertilizer reservoir for fruit trees is characterized by comprising: the fertilizer reservoir comprises a top cover (1), a cylindrical fertilizer reservoir body (2) and a ventilation and drainage pipe (3), wherein the fertilizer reservoir body is divided into an upper layer (21), a middle layer (22) and a lower layer (23); the ventilating and draining pipe (3) vertically penetrates through the upper layer (21), the middle layer (22) and the lower layer (23), the outer side of the fertilizer reservoir body (2) is wrapped with a perforated outer package (4), the height of the middle layer (22) of the fertilizer reservoir body (2) is 40-50 cm, substances in the middle layer (22) comprise 400-800 g of a water-retaining agent, and the balance of organic fertilizer and nano activated carbon serving as an organic fertilizer slow-release agent are mixed according to a weight ratio of 9:1 and then the middle layer is filled.
2. The layered fertilizer reservoir of claim 1, wherein the top cover (1) is circular, has a diameter of 40-50 cm, a low middle part and a high periphery, and a height of 5-10 cm; a round hole (11) with the diameter of 5cm is arranged in the middle of the top cover (1).
3. The layered fertilizer reservoir of claim 1, wherein the fertilizer reservoir body (2) has a diameter of 30cm and a height of 60-70 cm.
4. The layered fertilizer reservoir of claim 1, wherein said aeration-drainage pipe (3) is of a porous rigid plastic structure and is wrapped with a sponge material; the diameter of the fertilizer water reservoir is 5cm, the length of the fertilizer water reservoir is 50-60 cm, the bottom of the fertilizer water reservoir is flush with the bottom of the lower layer (23) of the fertilizer water reservoir body (2), and the top of the fertilizer water reservoir leaks out of the upper edge of the middle layer (22) by 5-10 cm.
5. The layered fertilizer reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper layer (21) of the fertilizer reservoir body (2) is an empty layer with a height of 15-20 cm.
6. The layered fertilizer reservoir of claim 1, wherein the formulation of the organic fertilizer is: 25kg of fermented organic fertilizer, 0.1-0.5 kg of urea, 0.05-0.2 kg of diammonium phosphate, 0.2-1 kg of potassium sulfate, 0.1-0.5 kg of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.01-0.1 kg of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 0.01-0.05 kg of zinc sulfate heptahydrate and 0.01-0.05 kg of boric acid.
7. The layered fertilizer reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the height of the lower layer (23) of the fertilizer reservoir body (2) is 5-10 cm, and calcium and magnesium medium elements are added into soil.
8. The layered fertilizer reservoir of claim 1, wherein in use, the layered fertilizer reservoir is placed under the outer side of the crown of a fruit tree to a depth of 60-70 cm, and 3-4 fertilizer reservoirs are placed around each fruit tree.
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| CN202011471004.XA CN112586326A (en) | 2020-12-14 | 2020-12-14 | A layering fertile reservoir for fruit tree |
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| CN202011471004.XA CN112586326A (en) | 2020-12-14 | 2020-12-14 | A layering fertile reservoir for fruit tree |
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| CN112586326A true CN112586326A (en) | 2021-04-02 |
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Citations (7)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201766841U (en) * | 2010-05-24 | 2011-03-23 | 马钧 | Water-fertilizer storage bar |
| CN104396376A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-03-11 | 姚杰 | Fruit tree integral soil-fertilizer-water pit application method |
| CN104396672A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-03-11 | 山东农业大学 | Orchard soil layer management water-fertilizer-saving root and tree nurturing technical method |
| CN107793264A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-03-13 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of Nano Carbon water-retention fertilizer and its preparation method and application |
| CN208144077U (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2018-11-27 | 江苏中植生态景观建设有限公司 | A kind of afforestation nutrients enrichment structure |
| CN110352838A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-10-22 | 宏大同德生态建设发展股份有限公司 | Fruit tree liquid manure sustained release compression column and fertilising and water-saving irrigation method |
| CN110915397A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-03-27 | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Straw compression block for dry farming jujube garden and fertilizing method thereof |
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2020
- 2020-12-14 CN CN202011471004.XA patent/CN112586326A/en active Pending
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201766841U (en) * | 2010-05-24 | 2011-03-23 | 马钧 | Water-fertilizer storage bar |
| CN104396376A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-03-11 | 姚杰 | Fruit tree integral soil-fertilizer-water pit application method |
| CN104396672A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-03-11 | 山东农业大学 | Orchard soil layer management water-fertilizer-saving root and tree nurturing technical method |
| CN107793264A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-03-13 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of Nano Carbon water-retention fertilizer and its preparation method and application |
| CN208144077U (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2018-11-27 | 江苏中植生态景观建设有限公司 | A kind of afforestation nutrients enrichment structure |
| CN110352838A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-10-22 | 宏大同德生态建设发展股份有限公司 | Fruit tree liquid manure sustained release compression column and fertilising and water-saving irrigation method |
| CN110915397A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-03-27 | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Straw compression block for dry farming jujube garden and fertilizing method thereof |
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