CN104304376A - 一种粗粮面包的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种粗粮面包的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104304376A CN104304376A CN201410613891.8A CN201410613891A CN104304376A CN 104304376 A CN104304376 A CN 104304376A CN 201410613891 A CN201410613891 A CN 201410613891A CN 104304376 A CN104304376 A CN 104304376A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- bread
- parts
- dough
- powder
- musculus cutaneus
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
- A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
- A21D2/36—Vegetable material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
- A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
- A21D2/36—Vegetable material
- A21D2/366—Tubers, roots
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种粗粮面包的制备方法,属于食品技术领域。该面包由如下质量份的原料制成:面包专用粉30份、马铃薯粉4-7份、木薯粉4-7份、红豆粉3.5-6份、燕麦粉4-6份、酵母粉0.3-0.5份、茶籽油2.5-3.5份、鸡蛋3-8份、无水酥油2-3.5份、面包改良剂0.25-0.4份、食用盐0.2-0.4份、奶粉0.3-0.6份、白砂糖7-12份、水6-15份。其制备方法包括:辅料的制备、和面、和油、整形、发酵和烘烤等步骤。该面包营养非常全面,相比与单一的小麦与牛奶面包,富含丰富的蛋白质、膳食纤维和维生素等,且氨基酸组成非常全面;且该面包具有口感好、味道清香、无异味等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品技术领域,具体涉及一种粗粮面包的制备方法,尤其涉及一种高蛋白、膳食纤维和维生素含量的粗粮面包的制备方法。
背景技术
面包,也写做麺包,是一种用五谷(一般是麦类)磨粉制作并加热而制成的食品。以小麦粉为主要原料,以酵母、鸡蛋、油脂、果仁等为辅料,加水调制成面团,经过发酵、整形、成形、焙烤、冷却等过程加工而成的焙烤食品。麺包中热量最高的是松质麺包,也叫做“丹麦麺包”。它的特点是要加入20-30%的黄油或起酥油,能形成特殊的层状结构,常常做成牛角麺包、葡萄干麺包、巧克力酥包等。常见的面包包括全麦面包、白面包、黄油面包等,全麦面包较常见。常见的全麦面包存在以下问题:
1、蛋白质利用低:经过烹调或烘焙后的面粉蛋白质较容易消化,因其所产生的面筋易和消化液接触,所以面包比其他食物都容易消化。小麦的蛋白质是所有谷类中最佳的,但它还是属于第二级的蛋白质,因其在体内不能完全被利用。
2、不易消化:常见的全麦面包,虽然易饱,但是是以不易消化换来的。面包在胃中停留约3.5小时,直至其蛋白质性质改变。新鲜面包在胃中会形成较粗的块,不易被消化液浸透。在小肠中,面包内的淀粉和蛋白质的消化才算完全,且吸收也在此进行。
3、矿物元素含量低:尤其是钙和铁的含量低。
4、口味较单一。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明实施例提供了一种粗粮面包的制备方法,该面包由如下质量份的原料制成:面包专用粉30份、马铃薯粉4-7份、木薯粉4-7份、红豆粉3.5-6份、燕麦粉4-6份、酵母粉0.3-0.5份、茶籽油2.5-3.5份、鸡蛋3-8份、无水酥油(最好为特级,以改善面包的口感和观感)2-3.5份、面包改良剂0.25-0.4份、食用盐0.2-0.4份、奶粉0.3-0.6份、白砂糖7-12份、水6-15份。该面包在传统的全麦面包的基础上加入了马铃薯粉、木薯粉、红豆粉、燕麦粉和茶籽油,一方面,调整了面包的营养结构,使其更加均衡;另一方面,调整了面包的口感和可食性。其制备方法如下:
(1)辅料的制备:将鸡蛋、食用盐、白纱糖、无水酥油、面包改良剂和1/2-2/3的水一起倒入和面机混合搅拌4-6分钟至糖溶化。
(2)和面:将酵母粉、奶粉、红豆粉、燕麦粉、马铃薯粉和木薯粉混入面包专用粉倒入步骤(1)的辅料中进行搅拌,一边搅拌一边把剩余的水分多次倒入和面机中速搅拌16-22分钟。和面可以使面团很快变得柔软,不易粘手,有良好的延展性和弹性。
(3)和油:在步骤(2)得到的面团中倒入茶籽油,搅拌8-13分钟,取出面团;该油口感清淡,不饱和脂肪酸含量高,反而具有降血脂的作用,且营养丰富。同时,在该步骤中加入茶籽油可以使面包成品表面光泽透亮。
(4)整形:将将步骤(3)得到的面团滚压成面皮,将面皮分段,分段后用压面机压35-40次,将压面后的面皮卷成筒状的面条,并经拉、抻、搓成适合大小的圆条,将圆条分割为适合大小的小面团,搓圆。具体地,每压一遍,必须折叠一次,然后反复压。其中,该步骤中,压面的目的是排出面团中部的大气泡,改善面团加工性能和面包的纹理结构。压面成功的标准是面皮表面光滑、细腻、紧密。其中,分割通过称量把大面团分割成所需要重量的小面团。其中,通过搓圆使面团外表形成一层光滑表皮。利于保留新的气体,而使面团膨胀。光滑的表皮还有利于以后在成型时面团的表面不会被粘连,使成品的面包表皮光滑,内部组织也会较均匀。
(5)发酵:将步骤(4)搓圆后的面团进行发酵,发酵条件为:温度30-50℃,时间3-5小时,湿度70-90%。该过程使面团得到充分的氧化(面团在搅拌时其实也是一个充氧的过程)面团的延伸性更好,面团的发酵是一个复杂的生化反应的过程,糖类物质被分解转化。所转化的葡萄糖和果糖与蛋白质会发生美拉德反应而产生麦香味。基础发酵对面包的作用很大,如:对面包的保鲜期,面包的口感,柔软度和形状等等,都会产生很大的影响。发酵过程具体要看当时气温和面团松弛的状态,看面团的状态显示是适合所做面包的成型要求,发酵的目的是为了使面团产生新的气体恢复面团的柔软性和延伸性,便于面团产生新的气体恢复面团的柔软性和延伸性便于成型,发酵过程具体可以在发酵房中进行,但需要控制温度、发酵时间和湿度等参数。
(6) 烘烤:把步骤(5)发酵好的面团进入烤箱烘烤,烘烤条件为:上火220-250℃,下火240-260℃,烘烤时间10-12分钟;冷却,分包即得成品。在烘烤过程中,生物活动被制止;微生物和酶被破坏,淀粉充分的糊化;同时糖类物质及蛋白质发生美拉反德反应而产品香味及色泽。面包烘烤综合了物理,生物化学,微生物学反应的变化,是个相当复杂的过程。其中,冷却不可少,因为面包刚出炉时表皮干脆而内心柔软,还要让其在常温下自然散热。如果用电风扇直接的吹,会使面包表皮的温度急速下降,面内部的水分不能自然排出,水分就会回流而使底部含水量不定期度,最终会合面包粘牙及保质期变短(底部发霉)。当面包充分冷却后就要及时进行包装。一是为了卫生避免在运输、储存和销售过程中受到污染;二是可以防止面包的水分过分损失,防止面包老化,合面包保鲜期延长。
优选地,该面包由如下质量份的原料制成:面包专用粉30份、马铃薯粉5份、木薯粉5份、红豆粉5份、燕麦粉5份、酵母粉0.36份、茶籽油3份、鸡蛋5份、无水酥油3份、面包改良剂0.32份、食用盐0.3份、奶粉0.4份、白砂糖9份、水10份。
具体地,在步骤(2)中,水被平均分为两次加入和面机与酵母粉、奶粉、红豆粉、燕麦粉、马铃薯粉和木薯粉进行中速搅拌。
具体地,在步骤(4)中,将步骤(3)的面团滚压成宽30-40cm和厚0.8-1.2cm的面皮,并将面皮分成4-6段,分段后用压面机压35-40次,将压面后的面皮卷成筒状面条,并经拉、抻、搓成7-10cm的圆条,将圆条分割为70-100g大小的小面团,搓圆。优选地,将步骤(3)的面团滚压成宽35cm左右和厚1.0cm左右的面皮,将面皮分成5段,分段后用压面机压35-40次,将压面后的面皮卷成筒状面条,并经拉、抻、搓成8cm左右的圆条,将圆条分割为80g大小的小面团,搓圆。
具体地,在步骤(5)中的发酵条件具体包括:春夏温度30-40℃,时间3-4小时;秋冬温度40-50℃,时间4-5小时。其具体发酵温度和发酵时间根据当时的气候和面团的情况进行调整。
下面对本面包的主要原料进行说明:
茶籽油气味和滋味澄清、微黄透明液体,油茶籽油中不含芥酸,胆固醇、黄曲霉素和其它添加剂。经测试:油茶籽油中不饱和脂肪酸高达90%以上,油酸达到80-83%,亚油酸达到7-13%,并富含蛋白质和维生素A、B、D、E等,尤其是它所含的丰富的亚麻酸是人体必需而又不能合成的。经测试,茶叶籽油的油酸及亚油酸含量均高于橄榄油。故有“东方橄榄油”美誉。
新鲜马铃薯中所含成分:淀粉9~20%,蛋白质1.5~2.3%,脂肪0.1~1.1%,粗纤维0.6~0.8%。100g马铃薯中所含的营养成分:热量66~113J,钙11~60mg,磷15~68mg,铁0.4mg~4.8mg,硫胺素 0.03~0.07mg,核黄素0.03~0.11mg,尼克酸0.4~1.1mg 。其含有丰富的膳食纤维,有助促进胃肠蠕动,疏通肠道。除此以外,其还含有禾谷类粮食所没有的胡萝卜素和抗坏血酸。 从营养角度来看,它比大米、面粉具有更多的优点,能供给人体大量的热能,可称为“十全十美的食物”。人只靠马铃薯和全脂牛奶就足以维持生命和健康。因为马铃薯的营养成分非常全面,营养结构也较合理,只是蛋白质、钙和维生素A的量稍低;而这正好用全脂牛奶来补充。马铃薯块茎脂肪少、单位体积的热量相当低,所含的维生素C是苹果的4倍左右,B族维生素是苹果的4倍,各种矿物质是苹果的几倍至几十倍不等,
木薯薯干约含水13%,粗蛋白质2%~4%,粗脂肪0.5%~1.5%,粗纤维2.5%~4%。灰分2.5%~6.5%,氰酸千万分之1~5,以及0.27%钙,0.08%的磷等。由于木薯产生的热量多,一般认为木薯作为粮食较耐饱。可用木薯精粉代替稻米和麦粉作粮食用。 鲜木薯块根中,一般含水分69%,蛋白质1%,脂肪0.2%,淀粉28%左右,维生素含量也较丰富。木薯淀粉是优质淀粉,易于为人体吸收利用,是食品工业的重要原料。
红豆不仅是美味可口的食品,而且是医家治病的妙药,红豆富含维他命B1、B2、蛋白质及多种矿物质,有补血、利尿、消肿、促进心脏活化等功效。红豆具有清热解毒、健脾益胃、利尿消肿、通气除烦等功能,可治疗小便不利、脾虚水肿、脚气等症。将红豆煮汤食用,对水肿、脚气、小便困难等起食疗作用,还能治疗肝硬化、肝腹水,补体虚。
在中国人日常食用的小麦、稻米、玉米等9种食粮中,以燕麦的经济价值最高,其主要表现在营养、医疗保健和饲用价值均高。燕麦中的β-葡聚糖可减缓血液中葡萄糖含量的增加,预防和控制肥胖症、糖尿病及心血管疾病。燕麦富含的膳食纤维具有清理肠道垃圾的作用。中国医学科学院卫生研究所综合分析,中国裸燕麦含粗蛋白质达15.6%,脂肪8.5%,还有淀粉释放热量以及磷、铁、钙等元素,与其它8种粮食相比,均名列前茅。燕麦中水溶性膳食纤维分别是小麦和玉米的4.7倍和7.7倍。燕麦中的B族维生素、尼克酸、叶酸、泛酸都比较丰富,特别是维生素E,每100克燕麦粉中高达15毫克。此外燕麦粉中还含有谷类食粮中均缺少的皂甙(人参的主要成分)。蛋白质的氨基酸组成比较全面,人体必需的8种氨基酸含量的均居首位,尤其是含赖氨酸高达0.68克。
综上,从营养上来看,本专利提供的面包营养非常全面,相比与单一的小麦与牛奶面包,富含丰富的矿物元素(钙)、蛋白质、膳食纤维(水溶)和维生素(维生素B和维生素C)等,且氨基酸组成非常全面(赖氨酸的含量尤其高)。另外,还含有禾谷类粮食所没有的胡萝卜素、抗坏血酸和皂甙等,具有良好的食用与食疗效果。
从口感与食用效果来看,在面包中加入马铃薯粉,可以增加湿润感;加入木薯粉使面包口感QQ带有弹性;加入茶籽油,是为让面包的口感好,味道清香,无异味,吃起来更健康,且松软不粘牙,此油最为轻清,故诸病不忌。加入无水酥油,是为了增大面包的体积,提高面包的抗老化性,改善面团的加工性能,及使其具有特殊的香味。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将对本发明实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
实施例1
(1)将鸡蛋5kg、食用盐300g、白纱糖9kg、无水酥油3kg、面包改良剂320g和6.6 kg的水一起倒入和面机混合搅拌5分钟至糖溶化。
(2)将酵母粉360g、奶粉400g、红豆粉5kg、燕麦粉5kg、马铃薯粉5kg和木薯粉5kg混入面包专用粉30 kg倒入搅拌,一边搅拌一边把3.5 kg水分两次(每次1.7kg左右)倒入和面机中速搅拌20分钟。
(3)倒入茶籽油3 kg,搅拌10分钟,取出面团。
(4)将面团滚压成面皮(宽35cm左右、厚1cm左右),将面皮分成5段,分段后用压面机压35-40次,将压面后的面皮卷成筒状的面条,并经拉、抻、搓成8cm大小的圆条,将圆条分割为80g/个大小的小面团,搓圆。
(5)将搓圆后的面团进行发酵,发酵条件(十月份)为:温度45℃,时间4.5小时,湿度75%。
(6) 把发酵好的面团进入烤箱烘烤,烘烤条件为:上火240℃,下火250℃,烘烤时间10分钟;冷却,分包即得成品。
其中,上述面包与常见的全麦面包的营养对比如表1所示:
表1
水分 | 蛋白质 | 脂肪 | 淀粉 | 纤维素 | 矿物质 | 钙(100g) | 能量(100g) | |
全麦面包 | 45 | 6.3 | 1.2 | 44.8 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 53mg | 200大卡 |
粗粮面包 | 44 | 7.7 | 1.1 | 44 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 147mg | 202大卡 |
其中,全麦面包的组成为:全麦面粉100g、高筋面粉200g、水185ml、酵母5g、白糖12g、油12ml、盐6g。
从表1可以看出,本专利提供的粗粮面包中的蛋白质、纤维素、矿物质和钙含量都比全麦面包高,能量与全麦面包差不多,另外本面包的维生素B和C的含量比全麦面包高。
另外,本发明提供的粗粮面包外酥内软,面包表皮具有金黄色光泽,并具有特殊的清香掩盖了面粉的气味,无异味,口感Q滑,且松软不粘牙。同时,其口味可以通过调整马铃薯粉、木薯粉、红豆粉和燕麦粉的比例进行调整。
实施例2-7
实施例2-7提供的面包的制备方法与实施例1中面包的制备方法一致,不同之处在于,其主要成分略有调整,其成分组成如表2所述:
表2
实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 | 实施例7 | 实施例8 | |
面包专用粉(kg) | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
马铃薯粉(kg) | 4 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 4.5 | 6.5 | 5 |
木薯粉(kg) | 7 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 5.5 | 5.5 |
红豆粉(kg) | 3.5 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5 |
燕麦粉(kg) | 4 | 6 | 5 | 4.5 | 5 | 4.5 | 5.5 |
酵母粉(g) | 300 | 500 | 400 | 320 | 360 | 440 | 400 |
茶籽油(kg) | 2.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 2.8 | 3 | 3.4 | 2.9 |
鸡蛋(kg) | 3 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 7 |
无水酥油(kg) | 2 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 3.2 |
面包改良剂(g) | 240 | 400 | 300 | 340 | 320 | 340 | 300 |
食用盐(g) | 200 | 400 | 320 | 240 | 300 | 280 | 350 |
奶粉(g) | 300 | 600 | 500 | 400 | 350 | 400 | 450 |
白砂糖(kg) | 7 | 12 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 8 |
水 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 |
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种粗粮面包的制备方法,其特征在于,该面包由如下质量份的原料制成:面包专用粉30份、马铃薯粉4-7份、木薯粉4-7份、红豆粉3.5-6份、燕麦粉4-6份、酵母粉0.3-0.5份、茶籽油2.5-3.5份、鸡蛋3-8份、无水酥油2-3.5份、面包改良剂0.25-0.4份、食用盐0.2-0.4份、奶粉0.3-0.6份、白砂糖7-12份、水6-15份;
其制备方法如下:
(1)将鸡蛋、食用盐、白纱糖、无水酥油、面包改良剂和1/2-2/3的水一起倒入和面机混合搅拌4-6分钟至糖溶化;
(2)将酵母粉、奶粉、红豆粉、燕麦粉、马铃薯粉和木薯粉混入面包专用粉倒入搅拌,一边搅拌一边把剩余的水分多次倒入和面机中速搅拌16-22分钟;
(3)倒入茶籽油,搅拌8-13分钟,取出面团;
(4)将面团滚压成面皮,将面皮分段,分段后用压面机压35-40次,将压面后的面皮卷成筒状的面条,并经拉、抻、搓成适合大小的圆条,将圆条分割为适合大小的小面团,搓圆;
(5)将搓圆后的面团进行发酵,发酵条件为:温度30-50℃,时间3-5小时,湿度70-90%;
(6)把发酵好的面团进入烤箱烘烤,烘烤条件为:上火220-250℃,下火240-260℃,烘烤时间10-12分钟;冷却,分包即得成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的粗粮面包的制备方法,其特征在于,该面包由如下质量份的原料制成:面包专用粉30份、马铃薯粉5份、木薯粉5份、红豆粉5份、燕麦粉5份、酵母粉0.36份、茶籽油3份、鸡蛋5份、无水酥油3份、面包改良剂0.32份、食用盐0.3份、奶粉0.4份、白砂糖9份、水10份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的粗粮面包的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤(2)中,水被平均分为两次加入和面机与酵母粉、奶粉、红豆粉、燕麦粉、马铃薯粉和木薯粉进行中速搅拌。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的粗粮面包的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤(4)中,将步骤(3)的面团滚压成宽30-40cm和厚0.8-1.2cm的面皮,并将面皮分成4-6段,分段后用压面机压35-40次,将压面后的面皮卷成筒状面条,并经拉、抻、搓成7-10cm的圆条,将圆条分割为70-100g大小的小面团,搓圆。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的粗粮面包的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤(5)中的发酵条件具体包括:春夏温度30-40℃,时间3-4小时;秋冬温度40-50℃,时间4-5小时。
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