CN104255597A - Flounder and flatfish engineering pond recirculating aquaculture system - Google Patents

Abstract

An engineered pond recirculating aquaculture system for flounder and flounder belongs to the technical field of mariculture, and includes a water storage pond, a backwater treatment pond, a coarse filter pond, a conjoined combination culture pond, an inlet and drainage system, oxygenation equipment and water quality Monitoring System. On the one hand, the system of the present invention continues to use the traditional earthen pond culture mode, and the cultured flounder and flounder fish grow in a similar wild environment to improve the quality of the cultured flounder and flounder fish; at the same time, the present invention carries out engineering and systematic setting and setting of the outdoor cultured earthen pond. The layout has realized the industrialization and information management of pond culture of flounder and flounder, and the output of flounder and flounder cultured can reach 1000-2000kg/mu, which is 5-10 times higher than traditional large-scale single pond culture, and the breeding efficiency And the economic and ecological benefits are greatly improved.

Description

An engineered pond recirculating aquaculture system for flounder and flounder

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of marine aquaculture, and in particular relates to an engineered pond circulating aquaculture system for flounder and flounder.

Background technique

my country has a vast area of mariculture ponds, with a breeding area of 413,000 hectares, and the aquaculture production accounts for 13.35% of the total mariculture production ("China Fishery Statistical Yearbook", 2011). At present, most of the marine fish culture ponds in my country are set up and constructed according to the shrimp culture ponds. Most of the ponds are large and have simple overall structures, lack of facilities and equipment, and can only be used for extensive farming. Because large ponds are not easy to manage, residual bait, feces, etc. Too much deposition due to failure to discharge in time can easily lead to problems such as water quality deterioration and disease occurrence, and the breeding efficiency and benefits are low.

The aquaculture industry of flounder and flounder is the pillar industry of marine fish aquaculture in northern my country. In 2011, the aquaculture output of flounder and flounder in my country reached 111,600 tons, with an output value of several billion yuan. At present, the farming of flounder and flounder mainly adopts the factory farming model. Affected by factors such as rising prices, the cost of factory farming is increasing day by day, while the price of commercial fish is constantly stabilizing, and the economics of farming are decreasing. Past breeding practices have shown that flounder, half-smooth tongue sole and other flounder fish are suitable for pond culture, and the quality of commercial fish cultured in ponds is high, and consumers' recognition is high. However, the unique bottom-dwelling living habits of flounder and flounder also put forward stricter requirements on the structure and operation characteristics of the pond culture system. A high water change can promote the rapid growth of farmed fish, but in the traditional pond culture mode, such a high daily water change rate is difficult to achieve, and it is easy to cause waste of water resources and cause environmental pollution problems. At present, there are no seawater ponds specifically for the cultivation of flounder and flounder in my country. The output of flounder and flounder cultured in traditional shrimp ponds is only about 200kg/mu, which limits the benefit improvement and ecological development of the flounder and flounder aquaculture industry.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an engineered pond recirculating aquaculture system for flounder and flounder, to meet the requirements of the country for low-carbon and eco-friendly aquaculture, and to solve the problem of unreasonable structure of flounder and flounder breeding ponds in my country For the problems of unreasonable resource utilization and low breeding efficiency, the present invention includes a conjoined combined culture pond composed of 6-8 small single ponds connected in series and in parallel, which can realize the informatization and industrialization of pond culture for flounder and flounder At the same time, it can realize the recycling of pond breeding water, ensure the daily water exchange rate of the breeding pond reaches more than 50%, and greatly improve the breeding efficiency.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

An engineered pond recirculating aquaculture system for flounder and flounder, which includes a water storage pond, a backwater treatment pond, a coarse filter pond, a conjoined combination culture pond, an inlet and drainage system, an aeration device, and a water quality monitoring system;

The water storage pond is equipped with a water inlet gate and a water pump, which can be naturally taken or extracted according to the tide to renew the water for aquaculture;

The storage pond, the backwater treatment pond and the coarse filter pond share one pond wall;

The backwater treatment pond is located inside the water storage pond and the periphery of the coarse filtration pond, and the upper and lower double-layer overflow gates are set at the outer wall of the backwater treatment pond to communicate with the water storage pond; the water in the backwater treatment pond passes through the upper and lower double-layer The overflow gate enters the storage pond;

The coarse filtration pond is located in the backwater treatment pond, the top of the coarse filtration pond wall is a screen, and the water in the coarse filtration pond overflows into the backwater treatment pond through the screen mesh above the pond wall;

The conjoined combination culture pond is composed of 6-8 individual culture ponds connected in series and in parallel;

The water quality monitoring system includes a water quality monitoring sensor and a water quality data analysis terminal, and the water quality monitoring sensor is arranged at the drainage gate of each individual culture pond.

After the natural seawater enters the storage pond, it enters the combined aquaculture pond through the water inlet system, and the aquaculture discharge water enters the drainage system from the combined aquaculture pond, and enters the coarse filtration pond from the drainage system, and overflows after being filtered and settled in the coarse filtration pond. It flows into the backwater treatment pond, and the aquaculture discharge water enters the storage pond after being treated in the backwater treatment pond, and then enters the conjoined combined aquaculture pond for recycling.

Further, the water storage pond is equipped with a water intake gate and a water pump, which can naturally take in or extract seawater according to the tide to renew the water for aquaculture.

Furthermore, the ratio of the area of the backwater treatment pond to the total area of the storage pond is 1:15.

Furthermore, the upper and lower double-layer overflow gates located on the peripheral pool wall of the backwater treatment pond include a bottom gate plate and a gate net located above the gate plate.

The beneficial effect of the present invention compared with prior art

1. The present invention provides an engineered pond recirculating aquaculture system for flounder and flounder, wherein the pond combination mode is 6-8 small individual culture ponds are connected in parallel after being connected in series, compared with traditional large-scale individual culture ponds , the present invention can carry out highly efficient water quality control and management operations on a single culture pond, and realize factory management of pond culture. The water storage pond, the return water treatment pond and the coarse filtration pond of the present invention are arranged in a nested manner, and the treated water enters the next treatment unit through overflow, which reduces the The power required by the water pump to lift water is reduced, and the invention has a compact structure and a small occupied area.

2. The engineered pond recirculating aquaculture system for flounder and flounder provided by the present invention, in which an independent water inlet and drainage system is set up, and the water for cultivation is regulated by high-efficiency aeration and microecological preparations in the backwater treatment pond through coarse filtration and sedimentation After injecting into the culture pond, the water for pond culture is recycled, which can ensure the daily water exchange rate of the culture pond to reach more than 50%, and improve the culture efficiency. At the same time, this system can overcome the problem that the water exchange of aquaculture ponds in the intertidal zone with high terrain is restricted by the tides, and realize the circulating aquaculture of flounder and flounder in ponds with high terrain and geographic location.

3. The engineered pond recirculating aquaculture system for flounder and flounder provided by the present invention is equipped with automatic online monitoring equipment for water quality, which can monitor and warn the water quality parameters of the aquaculture water in real time, which is conducive to grasping changes in the water quality of the aquaculture water at any time, and The regulation and management measures were taken in time to realize the information management of pond water quality.

4. On the one hand, the system of the present invention continues to use the traditional earthen pond culture mode, and the cultured flounder and flounder fish grow in a similar wild environment to improve the quality of the cultured flounder and flounder fish; at the same time, the present invention improves the outdoor cultivation of earthen ponds on the basis of traditional culture. The engineering and systematic setting and layout have greatly improved the breeding efficiency.

Description of drawings

1. Schematic diagram of the plane structure of the engineered pond recirculating aquaculture system for flounder and flounder: 1. Single aquaculture pond; 2. The main drainage gate of the system; 3. Drainage gate; 4. Drainage pipe; 5. Water inlet; 6. Water inlet Channel; 7. Inlet channel water pump; 8. Reservoir pond; 9. Aerator; 10 Reservoir pond inlet gate; 11. Reservoir pond lift pump; 12. Upper and lower double-layer overflow gates; 13. Coarse filtration pond ; 14. Inlet of coarse filter pond; 15. Backwater treatment pond; 16. Water quality data analysis terminal; 17. Aerator; 18. Water quality monitoring sensor. (the solid line arrow direction in the figure represents the flow direction of aquaculture water, and the dotted line arrow represents the direct discharge direction of aquaculture water).

Detailed ways

The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained through the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited in any form by the embodiments.

Example: process design and breeding experiment of a recirculating aquaculture system in an engineered culture pond for flounder and flounder.

In 2012, the National Flounder and Flounder Industry Technology System Pond Breeding Engineering Post designed and built a set of Flounder Flounder Engineering Pond Recirculating Aquaculture System in a farm in Rizhao City, as shown in Figure 1, including storage ponds 8, Backwater treatment pond 15, coarse filtration pond 13, conjoined combination culture pond, water inlet and drainage system, oxygenation equipment and water quality monitoring system.

The water storage pond is configured with a water inlet gate and a water storage pond pump 11, which can be used to regenerate water for aquaculture according to tidal flood intake or extraction of seawater;

The storage pond, the backwater treatment pond and the coarse filter pond have a common pond wall;

The backwater treatment pond is located inside the storage pond and the periphery of the coarse filtration pond, and the upper and lower double-layer overflow gates 12 are set at the peripheral pond wall of the backwater treatment pond to communicate with the storage pond; the water in the backwater treatment pond passes through the upper and lower double-layer Layer overflow gate 12 enters the storage pond;

The ratio of the area of the backwater treatment pond to the total area of the storage pond is 1:15;

The coarse filtration pond is located in the backwater treatment pond, the wall is below the coarse filtration pond wall, and the screen is above the wall, and the water in the coarse filtration pond overflows into the backwater treatment pond through the screen mesh above the wall;

The conjoined combination culture pond is composed of 6-8 individual culture ponds 1 connected in series and in parallel;

The water quality monitoring system includes a water quality monitoring sensor 18 and a water quality data analysis terminal 16, and the water quality monitoring sensor 18 is arranged at the drainage gate of each individual culture pond.

The structure of each part of the engineered pond culture system for flounder and flounder is described in detail below:

1. Water storage pond

The storage pond is rectangular with an area of 15 mu. The reservoir pond is made of mud-sand mixed substrate, and the slope protection is sprayed with 3cm thick concrete to prevent subsidence. The total depth of the water storage pond is 3.5 meters, and the water storage depth is 2.5 meters. During water intake, the water storage pond inlet gate 10 is provided with a filter screen to prevent harmful substances such as miscellaneous fish and algae from entering. The water storage pond can receive water naturally through the water storage pond inlet gate or utilize a water pump to supplement water intake when the tide is high.

2. Backwater treatment pond

The backwater treatment pond is rectangular, located inside the storage pond and outside the coarse filter tank. It is built with cement and bricks on three sides (the other side is the pool ridge). It is 3.0 meters high and covers an area of 1.0 mu. There are 9 kw aerators. At the peripheral pool wall of the backwater treatment pond, the upper and lower double-layer overflow gates 12 are set to communicate with the storage pond 8. The upper and lower double-layer overflow gates 12 include the bottom gate and the gate net located above the gate. The gate is set to a width of 1.5 meters. , 2.5 meters deep, the bottom gate is an impermeable wooden board with a height of 2.0 meters, and the upper gate is a stainless steel screen with a height of 0.5 meters. The aquaculture discharge water is treated with high-efficiency aeration, and the organic matter and nutrient salts in the aquaculture discharge water are treated with a compound bacillus preparation (Rizhao Environmental Research Institute) and then enter the storage pond for recycling.

3. Coarse filtration pond

In order to treat the discharge water from aquaculture, a square coarse filter pond is set up, which is located in the backwater treatment pond. It is a cement pond made of cement on three sides. The other side of the coarse filter pond shares the same wall with the backwater treatment pond and the storage pond. , the wall of the coarse filtration pond is 2.0 meters high and the area is 40 square meters. A 40-mesh stainless steel screen is set above the wall of the coarse filtration pond. The height of the screen is 0.2 meters higher than the wall of the backwater treatment pond, and the screen is fixed on the wall through steel pipes. The aquaculture discharge water first enters the coarse filtration pond through the coarse filtration pond water inlet 14, and overflows into the backwater treatment pond after filtering out and depositing large particles such as residual bait and feces. A sewage suction pump with a power of 1kw is used to regularly remove large particle sediments such as residual bait and feces deposited at the bottom of the coarse filtration pond.

4. Conjoined combined aquaculture ponds are composed of 6 aquaculture ponds connected in series and in parallel. The combination method is: every 3 aquaculture ponds are connected in series to form a group, and every two groups of aquaculture ponds are connected in parallel. Each culture pond is provided with an independent culture pond water inlet 5 and a culture pond drainage gate 3 on the back. The aquaculture pond is square, and its structure is: sediment bottom, and the pond wall is treated with concrete slope protection with a thickness of about 3cm. The area of each individual breeding pond is 5 mu, the total depth of the breeding pond is 3.5 meters, and the breeding water depth can reach 2.5 meters.

5. Inlet and drainage system

The water intake system provided comprises the water intake channel water pump 7, the water intake channel 6 and the water intake of the breeding pond. The water inlet channels are respectively located on the outside of the two groups of breeding ponds, made of brick and concrete, and arranged at a depth of 1 meter below the level of the ridge of the breeding ponds. The water inlet of the culture pond with a width of 0.5 meters and a depth of 1 meter in the central opening of the ridge of each culture pond is communicated with the water inlet channel 6, and a simple flashboard is set at the water inlet of the culture pond to control the water intake. Drainage system comprises breeding pond drainage gate 3, drainage pipeline 4, and drainage pipeline is positioned at shared between two groups of breeding ponds, and depth is identical with the depth of breeding pond, and drainage pipeline 4 is that the cement pipe of diameter 1 meter is buried between two groups of breeding ponds Under the pond ridge, each breeding pond drainage gate 3 is communicated with the drainage pipe through a cement tee joint. The aquaculture discharge water enters the coarse filtration pond through the drainage pipe for sedimentation, and then overflows into the return water treatment pond. After water quality control, the return water treatment pond enters the storage pond, and then flows into the water inlet channel from the storage pond, and then enters the aquaculture pond to form a cycle. use. The main drainage gate 2 of the system is set at the end of the drainage pipe far away from the storage pond, which is connected with the wetland or trench outside the system, and is used for the renewal of the system's aquaculture water.

6. Oxygenation equipment and water quality monitoring system

17 turbo aerators (power 1.5kw) are arranged in each breeding pond, which are used for aeration of the breeding water body and water quality regulation. Equipped with a set of YSI QS600 multi-parameter water quality monitor, which constitutes a real-time online monitoring system of water quality with the data processing terminal. The water quality monitoring sensor is set at the drainage gate of each single aquaculture pond, which can monitor the temperature of the aquaculture water in the aquaculture pond in real time, Water quality parameters such as salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, etc., and can provide early warning reports for water quality parameters exceeding the limit. Ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and other water quality parameters are monitored by HACH water quality monitor, and the data is collected uniformly and processed and reported by the data terminal.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1, the operation of the breeding system is described in detail: during the operation of the system, natural seawater enters the storage pond 8 by the water inlet gate 10 of the storage pond or by the water pump 11, and is extracted by the water inlet channel water pump 7 After entering the water inlet channel 6, it is transported to the water inlet 5 of the culture pond and enters the culture pond 1. The aquaculture discharge water enters the drainage pipe 4 through the drainage gate 3 of the aquaculture pond and enters the coarse filtration pond 13 through the water inlet 14 of the coarse filtration pond. A sewage suction pump is used for regular cleaning. The aquaculture discharge water enters the storage pond by the upper and lower double-layer overflow gates 12 of the backwater treatment pond after being aerated by the high-efficiency aerator 9 and the ecological treatment of the microecological agent in the backwater treatment pond 15 and then recycled. During the cultivation process, the cultivation discharge water enters the backwater treatment pond 15 through the drainage pipe 4 and then is recycled. In addition, when the aquaculture water in the system is updated, the aquaculture water in the system is directly discharged by the system main drainage gate 2, and then replaced by new water from the storage pond. Generally, it is completely updated once every big tide. The daily water exchange rate of the aquaculture pond reaches 50%/above. The water quality data analysis terminal 16 and the water quality monitoring sensor 18 form a water quality monitoring and early warning system, and the aerator 17 is mainly used for oxygenation and water quality control of the culture pond.

7. Breeding results

In May 2013, a flounder breeding experiment was carried out using the engineered pond recirculating aquaculture system for flounder and flounder. Using the 6 culture ponds of the culture system, 94000 flounder seedlings with a total length of 14-16cm were stocked, and the stocking density was 3480 fish/mu. The range of water quality indicators during the breeding period: water temperature 14-29°C, salinity 27-31, pH 7.8-8.4, dissolved oxygen level 4.5-6.0mg/L, total ammonia nitrogen level below 0.2mg/L. The bait for cultured flounder is fresh miscellaneous fish, and precise feeding techniques are adopted to control the absence of residual bait. Feeding is stopped at high temperatures (above 28°C). By December 2013, the farmed fish had reached the standard of commercial fish, the calculated unit yield of farmed fish reached 2054kg/mu, and the survival rate of farmed fish was 92.2%. The body color of the cultured flounder is normal, and there is basically no blackening of the bottom. The production of the culture is 10 times that of the traditional pond culture, realizing the efficient and ecological production of the pond culture.

Claims (4)

1. An engineered pond recirculating aquaculture system for flounder and flounder is characterized in that it includes a water storage pond, a backwater treatment pond, a coarse filter pond, a conjoined combination culture pond, an inlet and drainage system, aeration equipment and water quality monitoring system; The storage pond, the backwater treatment pond and the coarse filter pond share one pond wall; The backwater treatment pond is located inside the water storage pond and the periphery of the coarse filtration pond, and the upper and lower double-layer overflow gates are set at the outer wall of the backwater treatment pond to communicate with the water storage pond; the water in the backwater treatment pond passes through the upper and lower double-layer The overflow gate enters the storage pond; The coarse filtration pond is located in the backwater treatment pond, the top of the rough filtration pond wall is a screen, and the water in the coarse filtration pond overflows into the backwater treatment pond through the screen mesh above the pond wall; The conjoined combination culture pond is composed of 6-8 individual culture ponds connected in series and in parallel; The water quality monitoring system includes a water quality monitoring sensor and a water quality data analysis terminal, and the water quality monitoring sensor is arranged at the drainage gate of each individual culture pond; After the natural seawater enters the storage pond, it enters the combined aquaculture pond through the water inlet system, and the aquaculture discharge water enters the drainage system from the combined aquaculture pond, and enters the coarse filtration pond from the drainage system, and overflows after being filtered and settled in the coarse filtration pond. It flows into the backwater treatment pond, and the aquaculture discharge water enters the storage pond after being treated in the backwater treatment pond, and then enters the conjoined combined aquaculture pond for recycling. 2. A circulating aquaculture system for flatfish engineered ponds according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the area of the return water treatment pond to the area of the water storage pond is 1:15. 3. The system for recirculating aquaculture in engineered ponds of flounder and flounder according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper and lower double-layer overflow gates include a bottom gate and a gate net above the gate. 4. The engineered pond circulating aquaculture system for flounder and flounder according to claim 1, characterized in that the water storage pond is configured with a water inlet gate and a water pump, which can be taken or extracted naturally according to the tide Seawater is used for renewal of aquaculture water.