CN106305571B - A kind of ecological engineered setting method in offshore fish culture rock reef pond - Google Patents

Abstract

An ecological engineering setting method of a reef pond for nearshore fish culture belongs to the technical field of aquaculture. and behavior monitoring system setting; the present invention carries out engineering setting for the pond wall and pond ridge, bottom material, water intake and drainage system, pollutant emission reduction control system, water quality and behavior monitoring system, etc. Greatly improve the ability of reef ponds to resist natural disasters, reduce the pollution pressure of reef pond aquaculture waste on the coastal water environment, realize the factory management and high and stable production of fish culture reef ponds, and achieve the improvement of quality and efficiency of marine pond aquaculture. The purpose of transformation and upgrading.

Description

A kind of ecological engineering setting method of nearshore fish culture reef pond

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and in particular relates to an ecological engineering setting method of a reef pond for nearshore fish culture.

Background technique

The aquaculture area of marine ponds in my country reaches 457,000 hectares, and the aquaculture production accounts for 12.67% of the total output of marine aquaculture ("China Fishery Statistical Yearbook", 2014). At present, seawater ponds in my country can be divided into large-surface extensive aquaculture ponds, small intensive ponds, engineered ponds, and near-shore reef ponds according to their specifications, layout and structural characteristics. The nearshore reef ponds are mostly distributed in the intertidal coastal areas or estuary areas of the northern coastal areas such as Shandong, Liaoning, and Hebei. Most of them were simply built by the seaside fish farms in the early days, mainly for fish farming. Fish culture in reef ponds has the advantages of convenient water intake, high water exchange rate, and fast growth of cultured organisms. Taking flounder cultivation as an example, the output of flounder cultured in reef ponds in my country can reach thousands of tons, accounting for more than 30% of its total output, and The fish such as flounder and semi-smooth tongue sole cultured in ponds are of high quality, are highly recognized by consumers, and have strong market demand. Therefore, the use of reef ponds to culture fish is a cost-effective production method.

At present, there are some problems that restrict the sustainable development of reef pond culture in my country: on the one hand, most reef ponds have simple structures and fragile wall structures, and are easily affected by natural disasters such as storm surges during the breeding process, resulting in the collapse of the walls of the pond, and the aquaculture. The phenomenon of fish escape is more serious, so the aquaculture production is unstable from year to year. On the other hand, in the production of reef ponds, due to the high density of seedlings and extensive aquaculture management, it is difficult to collect a large number of residual bait, feces and other large-particle metabolic wastes produced by aquaculture, which is likely to cause problems such as deterioration of water quality and frequent occurrence of diseases. Moreover, these large amounts of metabolic wastes are directly discharged into the sea with the inflow and drainage, causing pollution problems such as eutrophication of the nearshore water environment to aggravate, which does not meet the general requirements of the state for the construction of ecological civilization. Furthermore, the level of aquaculture equipment in reef ponds is relatively low, and rapid renewal of water for aquaculture cannot be achieved in emergency situations such as hypoxia, red tide, and prolifera, which may bring disaster to aquaculture production. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out the engineering upgrading and transformation of the existing nearshore reef ponds, improve the engineering level and aquaculture production efficiency of the existing reef ponds, produce high-quality fish products stably and efficiently, and realize the improvement of the quality and increase of the reef pond aquaculture industry. effect. At the same time, it can reduce the discharge of aquaculture wastewater in reef ponds, and achieve ecological environmental protection and green production.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an ecological engineering setting method of a reef pond for nearshore fish culture, in accordance with the general requirements of national modern fishery development ecological priority and green development, to solve the existing problems of reef ponds for nearshore fish culture in my country. The problems of unreasonable structure, high pollutant discharge pressure and low breeding efficiency. The invention greatly improves the natural environment of the reef pond by engineering the walls and ridges, the bottom material, the intake and drainage system, the pollutant emission reduction control system, the water quality and the behavior monitoring system of the nearshore fish culture reef pond. The ability to resist disasters, reduce the pollution pressure of reef pond aquaculture waste on the coastal water environment, realize the factory management and high and stable production of fish culture reef ponds, and achieve the purpose of improving the quality, efficiency and transformation and upgrading of marine pond aquaculture.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

An ecological engineering setting method of a reef pond for near-shore fish culture, including the construction of pond walls and ridges, the setting of water systems, the setting of pollutant emission reduction control systems, the setting of oxygen-enhancing circulation systems, and the setting of water quality and behavior monitoring systems;

The construction of the pond wall and the ridge refers to that the pond wall of the reef pond is constructed of stones and concrete, and the height of the pond wall is determined with reference to the local historical tide height data; the width of the pond stem is 1-1.5 meters, and the Set up interception network;

The described water system settings include inlet gates, drainage gates, gate automatic lifting devices and axial flow pumps; according to the topography of the reef pond and the direction of the tide, the inlet gates and the drainage gates are set, and the automatic gates are respectively set on the ridge above the gates. The lifting device realizes the automatic opening and closing of the gate; an axial flow pump is set near each gate inside the pond, which can quickly enter and drain water in an emergency;

Further, the water intake gate and the drainage gate are made of concrete and stone masonry, and the water intake gate is connected with the water intake pipeline laid to the sea to facilitate water intake at low tide; the water intake pipeline extends through the beach to below the water surface at low tide level. ;The gate plate is connected with the automatic lifting device by ropes, and the gate plate is automatically pulled up when entering and draining;

The setting of the pollutant emission reduction control system means that the bottom of the pond is leveled, and a sewage collecting ditch is dug in the center of the bottom. To the bottom of the pool wall on the shore side, plastic tarpaulins are laid in the sewage collecting ditch to settle and collect large particle waste including residual bait and feces; a sewage suction pump is installed in the sewage collecting ditch, and the Suction of residual bait and feces;

Further, the sewage suction pump installed in the sewage collecting ditch is equipped with a pulley, which can move freely in the sewage collecting ditch, so as to effectively extract the aquaculture waste accumulated in the sewage collecting ditch;

The setting of the aeration circulation system refers to the installation of one water wheel type aerator at each of the four corners of the two diagonal lines of the culturing pond. The flow forming a driving effect;

The water quality and behavior monitoring system setup refers to a cruising water quality and behavior monitoring system that walks around the reef pond to monitor the behavior and water quality indicators of farmed fish, and data and images can be remotely transmitted to the receiving terminal.

The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art:

1, the present invention provides a kind of ecological engineering setting method of near-shore fish culture reef pond, wherein the water system setting is based on the topography, current, structural characteristics, etc. of the reef pond, according to the principle of engineering mechanics, setting a separate water inlet. Gates, drainage gates and gate automatic lifting devices, as well as axial flow pumps and water intake pipes, can realize automatic and rapid water inflow and drainage of reef ponds to cope with emergencies such as hypoxia and natural disasters, and ensure the safety of aquaculture water environment.

2. An ecological engineering setting method for a nearshore fish culture reef pond provided by the present invention, wherein the setting of the pollutant emission reduction control system refers to that after the bottom of the pond is leveled, the bottom center is connected to the culture reef pond. A sewage collection ditch is dug in the same direction of the water, and the residual bait, feces and other metabolic wastes are collected by the impact force of the water flow during the intake and drainage, and the thrust of the water wheel aerator to the water flow, and then the sewage collection pump is used to extract them in time. It greatly reduces the direct discharge of aquaculture waste to the sea during pond aquaculture. In addition, the extracted aquaculture waste can be used as organic fertilizer after being concentrated and dried, which realizes the reuse of by-products of reef pond aquaculture, and achieves the purpose of ecological environmental protection and green production.

3. An ecological engineering setting method for a nearshore fish culture reef pond provided by the present invention, wherein the setting of the oxygen-enhancing circulation system refers to setting a water wheel type aerator at each of the four corners of the two diagonal lines of the reef pond , while realizing the oxygenation of the water body, it can also promote the rotation of the aquaculture water body to form a circulation, which is conducive to the concentration of metabolite wastes such as feces and residual bait in the pond, and improves the sewage collection effect of the sewage collecting ditch at the bottom of the reef pond.

4. An ecological engineering setting method for a nearshore fish culture reef pond provided by the present invention, wherein the configuration of the water quality and behavior monitoring system can realize the real-time monitoring of the reef pond water environment and the feeding and swimming behavior of cultured fish, It is helpful for the aquaculture industry to grasp the changes of water quality parameters and whether there is any abnormality in the farmed fish in time, and help to take timely control and management measures to prevent the deterioration of the water quality and the occurrence of diseases of the farmed fish.

5. The present invention provides a suitable natural growth environment for cultured fish by carrying out ecological engineering setting and transformation of existing reef ponds for fish culture, and at the same time, it can carry out informatization and standardization management of the culture process of fish reef ponds to achieve The stable and high yield of fish farming in existing reef ponds is achieved, and it is an ecological, environmental protection, efficient and stable modern farming production method.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is the top view of the ecological engineering setting of the reef pond for fish culture of the present invention: 1, pond wall and pond ridge; 2, water wheel type aerator; 3, sewage collection ditch; 4, sewage suction pump; 5, water quality and behavior monitoring system; 6. Axial flow pump; 7. Inlet gate and water intake pipeline; 8. Drain gate and drainage pipeline (the direction of the dotted arrow in the figure indicates the flow direction of aquaculture water in the pond).

Detailed ways:

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further explained below through the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited in any form by the embodiments.

Example 1: Ecological engineering setup of reef ponds for near-shore fish culture and flounder culture experiments.

In 2014, the national flounder and flounder industry technology system pond aquaculture engineering post in a breeding company in Qingdao carried out the engineering setting and transformation of a 10-mu rounded and square reef pond, as shown in Figure 1, including the pond wall With pond ridge 1, water wheel aerator 2, sewage collection ditch 3, sewage suction pump 4, water quality and behavior monitoring system 5, axial flow pump 6, water inlet gate and water intake pipeline 7, drainage gate and drainage pipeline 8.

The following is a detailed description of the method and structure of ecological engineering of reef ponds for fish farming: including the construction of pond walls and ridges, water system settings, pollutant emission reduction control system settings, aerobic circulation system settings, and water quality and behavior monitoring system settings ;

1. Construction of pool walls and ridges

The pond wall and pond ridge are constructed with stones and concrete, and the height of the pond wall is 5 meters (determined with reference to the local historical tide height data), which can resist the invasion of offshore storm surges. The width of the pond stem is 1 meter, and a stainless steel wire intercepting net with a height of 1 meter is set on the pond stem, which is fixed with steel pipes to prevent the escape of cultured fish in the reef pond when a large-scale storm surge occurs.

2. Water system setting Independent water inlet system and drainage system are set up for the reef pond, including water inlet gate, drainage gate, gate automatic lifting device and axial flow pump setting. The reef pond is a square with rounded corners. According to its terrain and tide direction, there are inlet gates and drainage gates. The gates are made of concrete and stone blocks. When water is taken; the pipe is made of cast iron with a diameter of 1 meter; the gate plate is made of wood, and an automatic gate lifting device is set on the pond stem above the gate, which is connected with the gate by a rope, which can realize the automatic opening of the gate during water intake and drainage. and close; set up an axial flow pump (power 10kw) near each gate inside the pond, which can achieve rapid water inflow and drainage in emergency situations such as lack of oxygen.

3. Pollutant emission reduction control system settings

The bottom of the reef pond is leveled with bulldozers and excavators. A sewage collection ditch with a width of 60cm and a depth of 30cm was dug in the center of the bottom of the pond. The sewage collection ditch is in the same direction as the water inlet of the cultured reef pond. Plastic tarpaulins are laid in the ditch to collect large particle wastes such as residual bait and feces. When the drainage and aerator are turned on every day, the residual bait and feces in the pond are easy to collect in the sewage collecting ditch. A movable sewage suction pump with a power of 1kw is installed in the sewage collection ditch. It is turned on every afternoon to suck out the large-particle aquaculture waste such as residual bait and feces concentrated in the sewage collection ditch, which minimizes the aquaculture metabolic waste. The waste is directly discharged to the overseas, and the extracted aquaculture waste is dried on the shore and transported to the nearby farmland to be used as organic fertilizer. The effect is good, and the purpose of ecological and environmental protection is achieved.

4. Oxygenation circulation system settings

One 1.5kw water-wheel aerator is installed at each of the four corners of the two diagonal lines of the aquaculture pond. It is turned on every morning and evening to aerate the aquaculture water. At the same time, the high-speed rotation of the impeller can promote the formation of the aquaculture water. The circulation is conducive to the concentration of large particle pollutants in the pond in the sewage collection ditch.

5. Water quality and behavior monitoring system settings

A cruising water quality and behavior monitoring system is set up in the pond, which can monitor the water surface of the reef pond, and the detection data and images can be remotely transmitted to terminals such as mobile phones and tablet computers, so that the aquaculture industry can grasp the water environment indicators in the reef pond in real time. Changes in fish behavior, through the observation of abnormal fish behavior, timely judgment and prevention of diseases.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1, the culturing method of the ecologically engineered reef pond will be described in detail: in the fish culture process, the natural seawater enters the reef pond by the intake gate and the water intake pipeline 7 or by the axial flow pump 6 during the daily high tide. , Under the combined action of the influent impact force and the water wheel aerator 2, the aquaculture water body in the reef pond is promoted to form a circulation, which is conducive to the concentration of residual bait and manure in the sewage collecting ditch 3. The residual bait and feces in the sewage collecting ditch 3 are pumped out by the removable sewage suction pump 4 every afternoon. Every day at low tide, it can be drained through the drainage gate and drainage pipe 8. The water quality and behavior monitoring system 5 can swim on the water surface in the pond, monitor the water environment indicators such as water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and other water environment indicators in the pond in real time, as well as the feeding and swimming behavior of farmed fish, and can remotely transmit it to the monitoring terminal for early warning.

6. The results of pond culture of flounder reef

In May 2014, a fish breeding reef pond (10 mu) set up by ecological engineering was used to carry out a flounder breeding experiment. In October 2014, 66,000 flounder seeds with a total length of 12-14cm were stocked, and the stocking water temperature was 18-20°C. The range of water quality indicators during the breeding period: water temperature: 3℃-29℃, salinity 28-32, and the daily water exchange rate is 80%. The feeding bait for breeding flounder is fresh trash fish. The bait is fed twice a day, according to 2-3% of the body weight, and the feeding is stopped when the temperature is high (above 28 ℃). The water depth in the culture pond is kept at 3 meters, and the cultured flounder can safely overwinter in the pond. During overwintering, the method of oxygenation and zero feeding was adopted to overwinter safely, and the survival rate of overwintering was 84.5%. There were two storm surges during the breeding period. Due to the strong walls of the pond and the installation of stainless steel wire interception nets, the escape and death of the cultured flounder did not occur. At the same time, driven by the aerator and the thrust of water intake and drainage, the aquaculture water body in the pond forms a slow circulation, which pushes the large particles of aquaculture waste at the bottom of the pond to collect sewage in the sewage collection ditch, which is extracted by the sewage suction pump and then placed on the shore for drying treatment. , greatly reducing the direct discharge of large particle waste from pond culture. The metabolic waste after drying treatment is used for nearby farmland crops, and the fertilizer efficiency is better, achieving the effect of green and efficient ecological breeding.

As of November 2015, the average body weight of the flounder cultured has reached the market size, the survival rate during the breeding period is 80.6%, and the breeding unit yield is 2571kg/mu. The eyeless side body color of cultivated commercial fish is basically the same as that of wild fish, and the breeding output is more than 10 times that of traditional pond culture, realizing the stability, efficiency, ecology and environmental protection of fish culture production in reef ponds.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of ecological engineered setting method in offshore fish culture rock reef pond, it is characterised in that it includes pool wall and Tang Geng It constructs, water system setting, the setting of pollution reduction set-up of control system, oxygenation circulation system and water quality and behavior monitoring system are set It sets；

The pool wall is constructed with Tang Geng refers to that the pool wall by rock reef pond is constructed with stone and concrete, pool wall height ginseng It is determined according to local history tidal height data；It is 1-1.5 meters that the pool, which obstructs width, and intercept net is arranged on the stalk of the pool, with the fixed intercept net of steel pipe；

The water system setting includes inlet gate, emptying gate, gate apparatus for automatically lifting and axial-flow pump setting；According to rock Reef pond topography and tide direction setting inlet gate and emptying gate, at the same be respectively set on the ridge of the pool above the gate gate from Dynamic lifting device, realization open and close automatically gate；1 axial-flow pump, energy are set inside the pond near each gate Enough in case of emergency quickly water inlet and drainings；

The pollution reduction set-up of control system, which refers to, carries out planarizing process for pond bottom, excavates one in bottom center Sludge collecting ditch, sludge collecting ditch is consistent with cultivation rock reef pond water inlet direction, and sludge collecting ditch extends to the side pool wall that pulls in shore from inlet gate end Bottom, sludge collecting ditch is interior to be laid with Plastic awning cloth, for precipitating the bulky grain waste collected including residual bait, excrement；Sludge collecting ditch Interior placement soil pick-up pump, periodically by the residual bait and excrement suction in sludge collecting ditch；

The oxygenation circulation system setting, which refers to, respectively installs water wheel type ventilator 1 in two cornerwise quadrangles of cultivating pool Platform, in addition to carrying out oxygenation to breeding water body, oxygen increasing machine impeller rotation forms impetus to the flowing of breeding water body；

The water quality and the setting of behavior monitoring system refer to cruise-type water quality and Behavior Monitor System, the water surface four in rock reef pond Locate migration, detection data and image can teletransmission to reception terminal.

2. a kind of ecological engineered setting method in offshore fish culture rock reef pond according to claim 1, feature It is that the inlet gate and emptying gate are all built with concrete and stone, inlet gate and laying to taking in the sea Waterpipe connection, it is convenient to fetch water in the time of low water；Water intake conduit extends to the low tide water surface or less via seabeach；Gate sheet is with rope It is connect with apparatus for automatically lifting, into pull-up gate sheet automatic when draining.

3. a kind of ecological engineered setting method in offshore fish culture rock reef pond according to claims 1, It is characterized in that the soil pick-up disposed in sludge collecting ditch pump with pulley, can move freely, effectively to extract dirt collection in sludge collecting ditch The breeding waste accumulated in ditch.