CN104221654A - Method for increasing seed production amount of seedless watermelons - Google Patents
Method for increasing seed production amount of seedless watermelons Download PDFInfo
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- CN104221654A CN104221654A CN201410370994.6A CN201410370994A CN104221654A CN 104221654 A CN104221654 A CN 104221654A CN 201410370994 A CN201410370994 A CN 201410370994A CN 104221654 A CN104221654 A CN 104221654A
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for increasing the seed production amount of seedless watermelons, and belongs to the technical field of plant breeding. The method comprises the main technical measures of cutting a main vine in a position, which is 5cm away from the root, of the main vine when the main vine grows to be about 50cm; reserving 4-5 side vines, carrying out cross pollination on 2-4 female flowers of the side vines, wherein the cross pollination can be carried out for once at 8-11 a.m. and once at 4-6 p.m.; wiping off epidermal hairs of young fruits by using soft towel (which is disinfected by alcohol in 75% concentration) when the diameter of the young fruits is 15cm after the cross pollination; spraying CaNO3 of which the concentration is 0.1% to plants and the young fruits for 1-2 times in the morning in a rainy day after 1-2 days of the wiping, reserving 6-10 young fruits in a single plant, and collecting fruits and taking seeds after the fruits are mature. The method disclosed by the invention is simple and easy to realize, the seed production amount of the seedless watermelons per mu can be greatly increased, the land cost is reduced, and the method is suitable for seed production of the seedless watermelons in a large area.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method improving aspermous watermelon production of hybrid seeds amount, belong to field of plant variety breeding technology.
Background technology
Aspermous watermelon owing to having, disease-resistant high yield high without seed, sugar content and storage tolerance, deeply by the producer, operator and consumers welcomed.Therefore, aspermous watermelon industry development in recent years is rapid.But there is " three is low " problem that seed collecting amount is low, germination rate is low and planting percent is low in process of production in aspermous watermelon.Wherein, the pregnant property reduction that low main cause is maternal tetraploid watermelon is measured in seed collecting.Infertile reason is caused to be divided into physiological infertile and functional infertile.By polyploid organ and the cyto-architectural specificity of hetero-organization thereof, make the transport of Assimilate, distribute change, to cause gamete to can not get enough nutrition, cause functional infertile; And chromosome pairing is uneven, homogeneity combines and causes blodynamic reduction, be then physiological infertile.For physiologic sterility, can by improving cultivation management condition, part is overcome; And for functional infertile, then should be overcome by the approach of breeding.
The main path improving aspermous watermelon seed collecting amount has: the first, and the tetraploid kind of seed selection seediness, single melon seed number is heritable quantitative character.In general, the individuality of seediness, the seed of its offspring is also many.The second, the high hybrid combination of apolegamy affinity, single melon seed number number have direct relation with the affinity of parents' gamete.3rd, the many fruit cultivations of dense planting, dense planting adds unit are number of results, and single melon weight has downward trend, but also little on the impact of single melon seed number, thus improves the seed collecting amount of unit are, also little on the impact of the thousand kernel weight of seed.In addition, stay melon number more, single melon weighs and single melon seed number has a declining tendency, but individual plant fruit is heavy and seed number then increases.
At present, domestic very few from cultivation management aspect raising aspermous watermelon production of hybrid seeds quantifier elimination.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: the defect existed for prior art, and provide a kind of method improving aspermous watermelon production of hybrid seeds amount, the method is simple, is applicable to producing seed in enormous quantities.
The present invention is technical solution problem by the following technical programs: a kind of method improving aspermous watermelon production of hybrid seeds amount, mainly comprises the following steps:
Step one, climingly grow to 50cm main, cut off at its base portion 5cm place main climing;
Step 2, stay 4-5 lateral bine, carry out hybridization pollination with lateral bine 2-4 female flower, during 8-11 in the morning 1 time, during 4-6 in afternoon 1 time;
After step 3, pollination, treat that fruit diameter is 15cm, with through 75% alcohol disinfecting soft towel in the morning, young fruit epidermal hair is wiped;
Step 4, after wiping 1-2 become a fine day day morning with 0.1% Ca (NO
3)
2spray plant and fruit face 1-2 time;
Step 5, individual plant stay fruit 6-10, treat fruit maturation, gather and get seed.
Facts have proved, because the 3rd step of the present invention has the effect stopping Fruit, be both conducive to bearing fruit of other fruits of homophyletic, in turn ensure that the growth of fruit and seed own, thus effectively improve individual plant watermelon number of results, and then improve the seed collecting amount of unit are.Test proves, utilize the method that fruit number per plant can be made to reach 6-10, seed collecting amount improves 3-5 doubly, and percentage of seedgermination reaches 85%, and (not broken shell seed bud rate is about 24%, broken shell percentage of seedgermination is more than 85%) more than, overcome the difficult problem that aspermous watermelon production of hybrid seeds amount is few, effect is very remarkable.
Embodiment
Embodiment
Select aspermous watermelon (combination) ' jet peak respectively ' and the combination of small-sized aspermous watermelon early raw large male (small fruit type) carry out the difference production of hybrid seeds, comprise the following steps:
The selection on 1 production of hybrid seeds ground
1.1 selection of land conditions
The condition that aspermous watermelon production of hybrid seeds ground is selected: 1. select the plot of not planting gourd vegetables for more than 5 years.2. soil layer deep (be with top layer sandy loam bottom be advisable for loam), that the soil is porous is fertile, irrigation and drainage convenience, well-ventilated, illumination are sufficient.3. the humus content of the soil enriches and presents granular structure.4. the pH value 6.5 ~ 7.5 of soil, saline land and the high soil of subterranean water level should not be elected to be seed farm.5. the isolation strip that seed farm surrounding arranges about 1500m is produced.
1.2 wholelyly, fertilising and bedding
After choosing production of hybrid seeds ground, first leveling earth, ditching-fertilizing, rear bedding sowing.According to the cultivation feature of watermelon, can adopt the method for the front disposable ditching-fertilizing of sowing, fertilizing amount is according to land fertility conditional decision.The production of hybrid seeds ground rational application of fertilizers on request of medium fertility, general every 1hm
2reference fertilizing amount be: execute high-quality and to become thoroughly decomposed pure chicken manure 50 ~ 60m
3, cake fertilizer 2000 ~ 3000kg, high-quality composite fertilizer 600kg, potassium sulfate 100 ~ 200kg (because of local soil fertility containing potassium element abundanter), superphosphate 700 ~ 900kg, needed for the general watermelon production of hybrid seeds, the ratio of N, P, K is 3.3: 1: 4.3; Be affixed by appropriate magnesium, boron, the micro-fertilizer of zinc in addition.Note during fertilising filling out in ditch after muck and reclaimed soil Homogeneous phase mixing, the fertilizer applied must become thoroughly decomposed, and prevents unevenness of application and burns seedling.Water flood after dressing furrow is filled and led up, wait the slightly dry bedding of moisture, by north-south bedding trench digging, ditch apart from 2.0 ~ 2.5m, dark 30 ~ 35cm, wide 45 ~ 55cm, furrow whole good after, spreading, the wide 100cm of film is advisable.
2 sowings
The selection of 2.1 female parents and male parent
Parent purity requirement is close to 100%, one is the germination rate (male parent germination rate ensures to be greater than more than 95%, and maternal germination rate is more than 85%) ensureing that Parent is higher, and two is guarantee that the neat seedling of Parent seedling is strengthened, be conducive to concentrating pollination, obtain the triploid seed of high-quality.
2.2 seed treatment
To soak seed 30min with 10% potassium permanganate or trisodium phosphate solution before male parent planting seed, then uses the Soaking in hot water 10 ~ 15min of 55 ~ 60 DEG C, then use the water seed soaking 6 ~ 8h of 30 DEG C, and 28 ~ 30 DEG C of vernalization (after maternal seed-soaking, broken shell, vernalization.), sow after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
2.3 thickness of sowing
Line-spacing 1.5m, every 667m
2keep a full stand of seedings about 1600 strains.The maternal strain number with dliploid male parent according to about 15: 1 of tetraploid is prepared.
2.4 sowing times and method
Seedtime should be advisable more than 15 DEG C so that underground 5cm ground temperature is stable, and in order to ensure enough male flowers for powder, male parent should propose sowing the last week than female parent.Type of seeding generally adopts bunch planting, and by the perforate on mulch film of above-mentioned distance between rows and hills, about sowing depth 1.5cm, covers sandy soil 1cm thick, according to parent's quantity every cave program request 1 ~ 2 seed, if two bunch planting kind, and maternal thinning after generally emerging and male parent not thinning.
3 field management
3.1 water and fertilizer management
Maternal tetraploid plant stem is thick, internode is short, and branchiness is weak, bears fruit steady, not easily excessive growth, growing period drought-resistant ability is poor, more responsive to moisture, and warm tolerance is strong, well-grown under the high temperature conditions, not because fertilising dilutional hyponatremia and excessive growth, to be therefore maternally suitable at moisture, fertile soil well-grown, fruit-setting rate is high.From whole production process, the watermelon production of hybrid seeds requires relatively stricter and measures comparatively large with fertile, the particularly consumption of phosphorus, potash fertilizer.Watermelon generally waters the water of about 7 times breeding time, especially stretches the climing phase and fruit expanding period water requirement is larger.Pour water at every turn according to land fertility state impose quick-acting fertilizer (growth early stage based on urea, pollination bear fruit after based on phosphorus, potash fertilizer), fully ensure the supply of plant strain growth fertilizer and water condition.
3.2 trainings are stayed climing
Climingly grow to 50cm main, cut off at its base portion 5cm place main climing, stay 4-5 lateral bine, carry out hybridization pollination with lateral bine 2-4 female flower.To push down climing for seedling or fixing with earth or branch, in case the climing rolling of seedling and affect young melon; Fixing seedling is climing can also make plant cauline leaf spatially rational deployment, makes full use of luminous energy.
3.3 the extermination of disease and insect pest
Watermelon main infection venereal disease evil has powdery mildew, anthracnose, fusarium wilt, epidemic disease and blight dis-ease etc., can use the controls such as thiophanate methyl, mancozeb, Pu Like (Propamocarb), fosetyl aluminium MnZn or metalaxyl-mn-zn respectively.Insect mainly contains soil insect and aphid, the two spotted spider mite etc. such as black cutworm, cutworm, wireworm, and soil insect can with period poison baits such as chlorophos; Aphid, two spotted spider mite can respectively with 50% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate and 70% propargite, 3000 times of liquid spraying control.
4 hybridization pollinations
4.1 roguing
In production of hybrid seeds district, maternal tetraploid there will be reduction liploid plant usually, and the main cause of generation is the new and old and seeding weather conditions then of heredity, seed.So before the hybridization pollination of field, according to leaf, the Ye Se of reduction strain and the change of shape such as stem is thick, thorough impurity elimination must be carried out to female parent.Simultaneously will carry out a field after fixed of kind of melon to differentiate, the kind melon that the Characters such as the resistance of all fruit shapes, fruit look, decorative pattern, later stage ripe property and plant are different and natural melon are rejected without exception.All carefully to observe in whole farm work in early stage process, must thoroughly remove different strain.
4.2 choosing flower baggings
Between pollination period, according to the present situation of plant flower bud phase, in first 1 day of pollination, the maternal main climing upper ovary development of choosing is about to open female flower normal next day, carries out bagging isolation, and carries out the process of plant mark.Carry out hybridization pollination, with lateral bine 2-4 female flower during 8-11 in the morning for 1 time during 4-6 in afternoon for 1 time;
4.3 stay melon
Isolation pocket should be put immediately after the pollination of every female flower terminates, and carry out and significantly hybridize mark.After pollination, treat that fruit diameter is 15cm, with the towel (75% alcohol disinfecting) of softness, young fruit epidermal hair is wiped; After wiping 1-2 become a fine day day morning with 0.1% CaNO
3spray plant and fruit face 1-2 time; Final every strain stays melon 6-10.After determining melon, a field cleaning work need be carried out, thoroughly remove the natural melon without pollination mark and different melon, remove diseased plant, weak plant and paternal plant, to guarantee seed production quality.
5 seed collections
5.1 adopt melon
When Watermelon Fruit commodity are ripe, seed is mature on the whole, but Watermelon Fruit overdone after seed quality higher (thousand quality and germination rate all increase).Adopt melon to carry out the morning at fine day, preferably gather according to different pollinations mark date or ripe property outward appearance in batches.
5.2 to draw kind, eluriate, airing
Kind melon should cut open melon as early as possible after gathering and get kind, prevents wilt and anthrax bacteria from sporocarp, invading seed.After quick taking-up seed, load in clean Porcelain Jar or Plastic Drum, add appropriate watermelon juice (being advisable to flood seed), make it fermentation one day, overlong time can cause seed coat blackening, germination rate reduction.Mix a small amount of river sand after fermentation immediately and rub pectin on removing seed coat and mucus, and carry out airing in batches after rinsing well with clear water.The seed cleaned up spreads airing on mat or nylon screen, often stirs, and makes it dry as early as possible, must guard against to be placed on concrete floor and is exposed to the sun.Also can in drying in oven, but temperature necessarily can not more than 37 DEG C.The examination criteria that airing has been got well is that seed moisture content is below 8%.
5.3 points grade packaged
The instrument such as seed dustpan, windmill, sieve dried, removes not plump seed, granule, lopsided seed, mould seed, different by the grade of producing, and carries out point grade packaged, puts goods on the market.
Test proves: adopt the method for the present embodiment to utilize the method that fruit number per plant can be made to reach 6-10, seed collecting amount improves 3-5 doubly, and percentage of seedgermination (broken shell germination rate, not broken shell bud rate 24%) reaches more than 85%, and seed sprouting is neat.Be summed up, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) methodological science is reasonable: the first, removes main climing, can stay the lateral bine of more stalwartnesses, ensure that fruit-setting rate; Second, stop Fruit with the towel (75% alcohol disinfecting) of softness by the main purpose that young fruit epidermal hair is wiped, both bearing fruit of other fruits of homophyletic had been conducive to, in turn ensure that the growth of fruit and seed own, improve individual plant watermelon number of results, and then improve the seed collecting amount of unit are; 3rd, pollination consequence face sprays the CaNO3 of 0.1%, is conducive to the growth of seed.
(2) Be very effective: the method is simple, seed collecting amount improves 3-5 doubly, and percentage of seedgermination (broken shell germination rate, not broken shell bud rate 24%) reaches more than 85%, and seed sprouting is neat, is applicable to the aspermous watermelon production of hybrid seeds in enormous quantities.
The medium-sized aspermous watermelon black jade peak production of hybrid seeds is compared with conventional method, and specifically in table 1, the small-sized aspermous watermelon combination early raw large male production of hybrid seeds (small fruit type) is compared with conventional method, specifically in table 2:
The peak production of hybrid seeds of table 1 medium-sized aspermous watermelon black jade is compared with conventional method
The table 2 small-sized aspermous watermelon combination early raw large male production of hybrid seeds is compared with conventional method
Adopt the inventive method, medium-sized aspermous watermelon can make fruit number per plant reach 5.3, and contrasts conventional method and stay 1.2, melon; Medium-sized without seed list melon seed collecting amount, adopt the inventive method list melon seed collecting amount and conventional method list melon seed collecting amount difference not obvious, conventional method list melon seed collecting amount (62/melon) is a little more than the inventive method list melon seed collecting amount (60/melon), two kinds of method percentage of seedgermination differences are not obvious, the inventive method seed bud rate is slightly better than contrast, and (contrast CK is not broken shell bud rate 24.5%, broken shell bud rate 86%, the present invention is not broken shell bud rate 25%, broken shell bud rate 87%); Adopt conventional method (1500 strains/667m
2) 667m
2seed collecting amount 6.14kg, and the inventive method (1500 strains/667m
2) 667m
2seed collecting amount 62.75kg, comparatively CK conventional method 667m
2seed collecting amount improves 3.27 times, and percentage of seedgermination reaches 86%.
Small-sized aspermous watermelon can make fruit number per plant reach 8.4, and contrasts conventional method and stay 2.0, melon; Small-sized without seed list melon seed collecting amount, adopt the inventive method list melon seed collecting amount and conventional method list melon seed collecting amount difference not obvious, conventional method list melon seed collecting amount (85/melon) is a little more than the inventive method list melon seed collecting amount (83/melon), two kinds of method percentage of seedgermination difference is not obvious, and (CK is not broken shell bud rate 27%, broken shell bud rate 85%, the present invention is not broken shell bud rate 27%, broken shell bud rate 86%); Adopt conventional method (1800 strains/667m
2) 667m
2seed collecting amount 15.30kg, and the inventive method (1800 strains/667m
2) 667m
2seed collecting amount 63.49kg, comparatively CK conventional method 667m
2seed collecting amount improves 3.15 times, and percentage of seedgermination reaches 86%.
Claims (3)
1. improve a method for aspermous watermelon production of hybrid seeds amount, mainly comprise the following steps:
Step one, climingly grow to certain length main, cut off at its base portion 5cm place main climing;
Step 2, stay 4-5 lateral bine, carry out hybridization pollination with lateral bine 2-4 female flower, during 8-11 in the morning 1 time, during 4-6 in afternoon 1 time;
After step 3, pollination, treat that fruit diameter grows to a certain size, with the soft towel through 75% alcohol disinfecting, young fruit epidermal hair is wiped;
Step 4, after wiping 1-2 become a fine day day morning with 0.1% Ca (NO
3)
2spray plant and fruit face 1-2 time;
Step 5, individual plant stay fruit 6-10, treat fruit maturation, gather and get seed.
2. a kind of method improving aspermous watermelon production of hybrid seeds amount according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step one, and main climing length grows to 50cm.
3. a kind of method improving aspermous watermelon production of hybrid seeds amount according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 3, fruit diameter is 15cm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104798570A (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2015-07-29 | 芜湖县能胜农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for seedless watermelon |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1077837A (en) * | 1993-05-18 | 1993-11-03 | 湖南省园艺研究所 | Cross-breeding technology of hybrid water melon Xianghua |
| CN103798019A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-05-21 | 和县常久农业发展有限公司 | Method for growing watermelons |
| CN103798130A (en) * | 2014-02-11 | 2014-05-21 | 湖南生物机电职业技术学院 | Watermelon hybrid seed production method |
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2014
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| CN1077837A (en) * | 1993-05-18 | 1993-11-03 | 湖南省园艺研究所 | Cross-breeding technology of hybrid water melon Xianghua |
| CN103798019A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-05-21 | 和县常久农业发展有限公司 | Method for growing watermelons |
| CN103798130A (en) * | 2014-02-11 | 2014-05-21 | 湖南生物机电职业技术学院 | Watermelon hybrid seed production method |
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| CN104798570A (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2015-07-29 | 芜湖县能胜农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for seedless watermelon |
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