Background technology
Peanut fruit contains protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin E, vitamin K, and the nutrient component such as mineral calcium, phosphorus, iron, amino acid containing 8 kinds of needed by human body and unsaturated fatty acid, containing materials such as lecithin, choline, Hu Huasheng element, raw fiber.Fat content is 44%-45%, and protein content is 24-36%, and sugar content is about 20%.Containing abundant vitamin B2, PP, A, D, E, calcium and iron etc.And containing multivitamins such as thiamine, vitamin b3, niacins.There is the brain cell development promoting people, strengthen the effect of memory.
The height of the nutritive value of peanut, even some animal foods being called as senior nutrition, as egg, milk, meat etc., also candidly acknowledges one's inferiority before groundnut bran.The quantity of heat production of peanut is higher than meat, higher than milk by 20%, higher than egg by 40%.Other are as protein, core egg element, calcium, phosphorus, and iron etc. be all also height than milk, meat, egg.Also containing the various vitamin such as A, B, E, K in peanut, and lecithin, Argine Monohydrochloride, choline and oleic acid, peanut acid, fatty acid, palmitic acid etc.
Because peanut nutrition enriches, and applicable many people eats, and the food in peanut is varied, each have their own characteristic.In recent years along with the continuous improvement of working condition and the raising day by day of culture technique level, peanut yield level improves constantly.And more and more distinct issues are, the problem of soil suitability.The soil that optimum is cultivated peanut is the sandy loam of higher, the micro-slant acidity of fertility (pH with 6.0 to 6.5 as well).This soil permeability is good, and Peanut Root System is flourishing, and dross is many; Soil degree of tightness is suitable for, and be conducive to shell development, peanut shell is bright and clean, and fruit shape is large, and quality is good, and commodity value is high.But because a lot of local soil does not meet above-mentioned requirements, and make the output of cultivation peanut not high, the peanut quality of output is also bad, makes the development of peanut cultivation industry be restricted.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the defect overcoming prior art, and proposition is a kind of further improves the method that loam is peanut cultivation matrix.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention realizes by the following technical solutions.
A kind ofly improve the method that loam is peanut cultivation matrix, it is characterized in that, concrete steps are: dig rotary tillage time, the mixture of fine sand and sawdust is admixed in soil, fine sand and sawdust mix in the ratio of 1:1, every mu of ground applies the mixture 150-300kg of fine sand and sawdust, apply at twice, each half amount, the fine sand of half amount and the mixture of sawdust are evenly sprinkling upon soil surface by first time, then by Soil tillage, more than ploughing depth 30cm, then the soil surface second time after turning over spreads the remaining fine sand of half amount and the mixture of sawdust, with rotovator, soil is smashed and grade afterwards,
Soil after above-mentioned improvement is after a rainfall, again the soil after improvement is made the peanut cultivation matrix being suitable for peanut growth, peanut cultivation matrix is made up of the component of following weight portion: arable soil 20 parts, fertilizer 1 part, Chinese medicine composition 3 parts, and concrete operation step is:
(1) fertilizer is made,
Fertilizer be by weight ratio be the agricultural residues powder of 20%, the animal wastes of 70% and 10% pond at the bottom of mud mixed culture fermentation form, first by crops stalk crushing, then mix with mud, animal wastes at the bottom of pond, be deposited in retting more than 15 days in fermentation vat, need during stack retting to turn over to macerate 2-3 time, fertilizer retting is well later stand-by;
(2) Chinese medicine composition is prepared,
Chinese medicine composition comprises: azedarach 2 parts, betel nut 3 parts, sweet wormwood 3 parts, tobacco 4 parts, realgar 3 parts, the coptis 2 parts, 3 parts, Chinese prickly ash, rhizoma zingiberis 4 parts, Dalmatian chrysanthemum 4 parts, red pepper 2 parts, 5 parts, sawdust, it is more than weight portion, after azedarach in Chinese medicine composition, betel nut, sweet wormwood, tobacco, realgar, the coptis, Chinese prickly ash, rhizoma zingiberis, Dalmatian chrysanthemum, red pepper mix in proportion, be processed into fine powder, mix with sawdust again, obtain Chinese medicine composition;
(3) soil that improvement is ploughed is peanut cultivation matrix,
Chinese medicine composition and fertilizer are sprinkled into the soil surface after improvement respectively, re-use rotovator soil is mixed with Chinese medicine composition, fertilizer, the degree of depth of rotary tillage is 5-10cm, just forms peanut cultivation matrix after the soil after Tanaka's improvement mixes with Chinese medicine composition, fertilizer.
As preferably,
Peanut is suitable for growing on sandy loam, if to be viscosity comparatively large or the loam of cubsoil consolidation for the soil of cultivation peanut, then be unfavorable for that peanut is taken root, peanut result is few and little, to the processing method of this soil is, dig rotary tillage time, the mixture of fine sand and sawdust is admixed in soil, fine sand and sawdust mix in the ratio of 1:1, and every mu of ground applies the mixture 150-300kg of fine sand and sawdust, soil deep ploughing more than 30cm; Increase Chinese medicine composition part by weight contained by cultivation matrix, optimum ratio is: arable soil 20 parts, fertilizer 1 part, Chinese medicine composition 3 parts; Said method can improve gas porosity and the gas permeability of soil, increase the ability of soil water-retaining, draining simultaneously, through checking, it is more loose that the method can make that viscosity is large, the loam of cubsoil consolidation becomes, be beneficial to that peanut is taken root, result, significantly can increase every fruiting quantities of strain peanut seedling and the weight of fruit, improve output more than 23%, and the peanut fruit of output be best in quality.
Mud at the bottom of described pond selects the fish pond bottom sludge of accumulation more than 2 years, containing abundant humus, mixes, be then deposited in retting more than 15 days in fermentation vat, need to turn over to macerate 2-3 time during stack retting after mud goes out the pool with agricultural residues powder, animal wastes.
After azedarach in Chinese medicine composition, betel nut, sweet wormwood, tobacco, realgar, the coptis, Chinese prickly ash, rhizoma zingiberis, Dalmatian chrysanthemum, red pepper mix in proportion, be processed into fine powder, then mix with sawdust, obtain Chinese medicine composition.First by the ploughing soil one time of cultivation peanut before using, the degree of depth of turning over is not less than 30cm, then Chinese medicine composition and fertilizer are sprinkled into the soil surface after turning over respectively, re-use rotovator the soil turned over is smashed and arable land is flattened, the degree of depth of rotary tillage is 5-10cm, just forms peanut cultivation matrix after the arable soil of Tanaka mixes with Chinese medicine composition, fertilizer.
In Chinese medicine composition,
Azedarach: bitter, cold; Poisonous; Return liver, spleen, stomach warp, expelling parasite, treatment tinea; For ascarid enterobiasis, abdominal pain due to enterositosis, controls mange itch outward.
Betel nut: containing multiple alkaloid is effective anthelmintic ingredient.
Sweet wormwood: bitter, acrid, cold; Return liver, gallbladder channel; Clearing away summerheat, except steaming, preventing malaria; For summer-heat evil heating, fever due to yin deficiency, night fever abating at dawn, hectic fever due to yin labor heat, malaria fever and chills, jaundice with damp-heat pathogen.
Tobacco: pungent, temperature; Poisonous subdhing swelling and detoxicating, desinsection; For furuncle swelling toxin, favus of the scalp, tinea alba, the favus of the scalp, venomous snake bite.Water-snail eradication, mosquito, fly, mouse.
Realgar: pungent, temperature, poisonous; Return liver, large intestine channel; Removing toxic substances desinsection, removing dampness and eliminating phlegm, preventing malaria; To swell furunculosis for carbuncle, snake bite and insect sting, abdominal pain due to enterositosis, frightened epilepsy, malaria.
The coptis: bitter, cold; The thoughts of returning home, spleen, stomach, liver, courage, large intestine channel; Heat-clearing and damp-drying drug, purging intense heat and detonicating; Full for damp and hot ruffian, vomiting acid regurgitation, rush down dysentery, jaundice, unconsciousness due to high fever, heart-fire hyperactivity, dysphoria and insomnia, blood-head tells nosebleed, hot eyes, and toothache, quenches one's thirst, and carbuncle swells furunculosis; Control eczema outward, wet sore, duct is suppurated.
Chinese prickly ash: pungent, temperature; Return spleen, stomach, kidney channel; Warming middle energizer to relieve pain, killing parasites to relieve itshing; For coldness and pain in the epigastrium, vomiting is had loose bowels, abdominal pain due to enterositosis, ascariasis; Control eczema itch outward.
Rhizoma zingiberis: pungent, hot; Return spleen, stomach, kidney, the heart, lung channel; Rhizoma zingiberis warming spleen and stomach for dispelling cold, Hui Yang promotes blood circulation, eliminating dampness dissolving phlegm; For coldness and pain in the epigastrium, vomiting is had loose bowels, and the cold weak pulse of limb, phlegm and retained fluid is breathed with cough.
Dalmatian chrysanthemum: not only can remove mosquito-killing, and the insect that crops and forest, fruit tree can be killed; Between the autumn in summer, picking being about to open Dalmatian chrysanthemum flower, abrasive dust after drying in the shade, crossing 120-150 object sieve.
Red pepper: taste is pungent, hot in nature.Stomach invigorating in energy temperature, loose cold eliminating dampness, sweating; There is certain excitant, can expelling parasite.
Sawdust: refer to carry out timber add man-hour because cutting and from trees the foam shape wood chip of fallen trees itself, mixing with Chinese medicine component imbeds in soil layer, because its quality is loosened, moderate doing can be kept in soil layer to wet, the Chinese medicine component of fine particle shape can be made better to discharge drug effect, and the effective ingredient of Chinese medicine composition has better penetrability in soil.
Chinese medicine composition has the effect of good expelling parasite, desinsection, and the sawdust in Chinese medicine composition can strengthen the effect of expelling parasite, desinsection.Meanwhile, sawdust is rotten through fermenting in soil, can increase the fertility of soil, and comprehensive nutrition, the anxiety of phosphorus potassium is lacked without inclined nitrogen.Quality is loosened, and can promote peanut growth, avoid peanut rhizome forked growth.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Provided by the inventionly a kind ofly improve the method that loam is peanut cultivation matrix, this cultivation matrix not only has comparatively comprehensively nutrition, also there is the effect of expelling parasite, desinsection, the harm of peanut from insect of cultivation can be made, this cultivation matrix is suitable for peanut growth simultaneously, the quantity of per plant can be increased, and increase megalocarpous weight, improve product quality.
Embodiment 1
Improve the method that sandy loam is peanut cultivation matrix, mixed by the raw material of following weight portion: arable soil 20 parts, fertilizer 1 part, Chinese medicine composition 0.5 part,
Arable soil is sandy loam, selects the arable land cultivation peanut of one block of sandy loam, before cultivation, first improves the soil in arable land, make the soil in arable land become the cultivation matrix of applicable peanut growth;
Comprise the following steps:
(1) fertilizer is made,
Fertilizer be by weight ratio be the agricultural residues powder of 20%, the animal wastes of 70% and 10% pond at the bottom of mud mixed culture fermentation form, first crops stalk crushing is become length 3-5cm, then mix with mud, animal wastes at the bottom of pond, be deposited in retting more than 15 days in fermentation vat, need during stack retting to turn over to macerate 2-3 time, fertilizer retting is well later stand-by;
(2) Chinese medicine composition is prepared,
Chinese medicine composition comprises: azedarach 2 parts, betel nut 3 parts, sweet wormwood 3 parts, tobacco 4 parts, realgar 3 parts, the coptis 2 parts, 3 parts, Chinese prickly ash, rhizoma zingiberis 4 parts, Dalmatian chrysanthemum 4 parts, red pepper 2 parts, 5 parts, sawdust, it is more than weight portion, after azedarach in Chinese medicine composition, betel nut, sweet wormwood, tobacco, realgar, the coptis, Chinese prickly ash, rhizoma zingiberis, Dalmatian chrysanthemum, red pepper mix in proportion, be processed into fine powder, mix with sawdust again, obtain Chinese medicine composition;
(3) soil that improvement is ploughed is peanut cultivation matrix,
First by the ploughing soil one time of cultivation peanut, the degree of depth of turning over is not less than 30cm, then Chinese medicine composition and fertilizer are sprinkled into the soil surface after turning over respectively, re-use rotovator the soil turned over is smashed and arable land is flattened, the degree of depth of rotary tillage is 5-10cm, just forms peanut cultivation matrix after the arable soil of Tanaka mixes with Chinese medicine composition, fertilizer.
Embodiment 2
Improve the method that loam is peanut cultivation matrix, mixed by the raw material of following weight portion: arable soil 20 parts, fertilizer 1 part, Chinese medicine composition 3 parts,
Arable soil is that viscosity is comparatively large, cubsoil compared with the loam of consolidation, cubsoil consolidation, poor air permeability, before such arable land cultivation peanut, needs to improve soil, the soil in arable land is become loose, breathe freely; Concrete steps are: dig rotary tillage time, the mixture of fine sand and sawdust is admixed in soil, fine sand and sawdust mix in the ratio of 1:1, every mu of ground applies the mixture 150-300kg of fine sand and sawdust, apply at twice, each half amount, the fine sand of half amount and the mixture of sawdust are evenly sprinkling upon soil surface by first time, then by Soil tillage, more than ploughing depth 30cm, then the soil surface second time after turning over spreads the remaining fine sand of half amount and the mixture of sawdust, is smashed and grade by soil afterwards with rotovator;
Soil after above-mentioned improvement is after a rainfall, again the soil after improvement is made the peanut cultivation matrix being suitable for peanut growth, peanut cultivation matrix is made up of the component of following weight portion: arable soil 20 parts, fertilizer 1 part, Chinese medicine composition 3 parts, and concrete operation step is:
(1) fertilizer is made,
Fertilizer be by weight ratio be the agricultural residues powder of 20%, the animal wastes of 70% and 10% pond at the bottom of mud mixed culture fermentation form, first by crops stalk crushing, then mix with mud, animal wastes at the bottom of pond, be deposited in retting more than 15 days in fermentation vat, need during stack retting to turn over to macerate 2-3 time, fertilizer retting is well later stand-by;
(2) Chinese medicine composition is prepared,
After azedarach in Chinese medicine composition, betel nut, sweet wormwood, tobacco, realgar, the coptis, Chinese prickly ash, rhizoma zingiberis, Dalmatian chrysanthemum, red pepper mix in proportion, be processed into fine powder, then mix with sawdust, obtain Chinese medicine composition;
(3) soil that improvement is ploughed is peanut cultivation matrix,
Chinese medicine composition and fertilizer are sprinkled into the soil surface after improvement respectively, re-use rotovator soil is mixed with Chinese medicine composition, fertilizer, the degree of depth of rotary tillage is 5-10cm, just forms peanut cultivation matrix after the soil after Tanaka's improvement mixes with Chinese medicine composition, fertilizer.
More than show and describe general principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; what describe in above-described embodiment and specification just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.Application claims protection domain is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.