Planting method of gynostemma pentaphylla
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a planting method of gynostemma pentaphylla.
Background
Gynostemma pentaphylla(The name learning:Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino)the alternative names of the plants are Gynostemma pentaphylla, etc., and the plants are wild Chinese medicinal materials. The medicinal value is beneficial to qi and spleen strengthening, phlegm eliminating and cough relieving, heat clearing and detoxifying, blood fat reducing, blood pressure regulating, thrombus preventing, cardiovascular disease preventing, blood sugar regulating, sleep promoting, aging delaying, cancer preventing, immunity improving, human body physiological function regulating, weight reducing, skin caring, cancer (tumor) preventing, aging delaying, free radical resisting and other effects. In China, which is mainly distributed in areas such as Pingli in Shaanxi, Gansu kang county, Hunan, Hubei, Yunnan, Guangxi and the like, the number of the area is called 'southern ginseng', the medicinal content of gynostemma pentaphylla growing in the south is high, the gynostemma pentaphylla is called 'non-longevity herb' magically in folk, and in 1985, gynostemma pentaphylla produced in Qinba mountain areas begins to export Japan.
The herba Gynostemmatis contains gypenoside, and also contains active ingredients such as flavonoid, polysaccharide, phospholipid, amino acids, vitamins, major and trace inorganic elements, etc.
At present, the gynostemma pentaphylla still has the defects that the picked gynostemma pentaphylla is very bitter in taste and heavy in cold property, is difficult to enter the mouth and is easy to hurt the spleen and the stomach, so that the gynostemma pentaphylla becomes a bottleneck of artificial planting and industrial development of the gynostemma pentaphylla, and high-quality gynostemma pentaphylla is difficult to obtain.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the existing problems of gynostemma pentaphylla, provides a gynostemma pentaphylla planting method, solves the problem that the taste of the gynostemma pentaphylla planted manually is bitter, has low planting cost, does not carry silt, improves the quality and benefit of the gynostemma pentaphylla, has higher nutrient content required by a human body, and can effectively improve the yield and the quality of the gynostemma pentaphylla.
The invention is realized by the following steps: the planting method of the gynostemma pentaphylla comprises seed selection, land selection, cutting propagation, fertilization, pest control, shed building, harvesting and storage, and is explained in detail as follows:
1. seed selection: the gynostemma pentaphylla with high saponin content, no bitter taste and good growth is selected as the seedling.
2. Selecting land: the selected land is loose, fertile and moist soil which does not contain heavy metals, is rich in selenium and has few stones, and is planted in a place of a sloping land with illumination for 6-8 hours every day.
3. Cutting propagation: selecting strong stems and tendrils growing in the previous year, cutting into cuttings with 3-4 sections, cutting into a seedling bed, keeping the seedling bed in a cool area, moistening, and transplanting after the seedlings grow to more than 10 cm in height after 40-50 days.
4. Fertilizing: in the planting process of the gynostemma pentaphylla, organic fertilizers are used as fertilizers, rotten farmyard manure is used as base fertilizers, 1000-1500 kilograms of fertilizers are applied to each mu before sowing, and 1% -3% of lime is added to prevent diseases; in summer, top dressing mainly comprises applying wet retting fertilizer, mixing a small amount of bone meal and plant ash, digging a ditch around gynostemma pentaphylla in 11-12 months before winter, applying mixed fertilizer of biogas slurry or pond sludge, pigsty sludge and cowry sty sludge once, adding 1-3% of bone meal and 3-8% of vegetable oil bran cake by weight into the mixed fertilizer, and adding 1-3% of wormwood crushed material by weight, so that pests at the root of gynostemma pentaphylla can be avoided.
5. Preventing and controlling diseases and pests, wherein when the diseases and pests of the gynostemma pentaphylla are found, plant ash is scattered on the roots of the gynostemma pentaphylla, and the amount of the plant ash is 30-50 kg/mu; the plant ash contains potassium carbonate, can provide enough potassium fertilizer for the gynostemma pentaphylla, has thicker branches, particularly contains the pest evasion agent by using wild herbs or branches (such as wormwood, eucalyptus branches, camphor tree branches, pine branches, fern and the like) on the mountain, and can enable the pests such as cutworms, grubs and the like to not harm the gynostemma pentaphylla any more.
6. Building a shed: the support is erected into a herringbone, the height is 0.8-1.2 meters, one side is a grid surface, the other side is a smooth surface, and when the gynostemma pentaphylla grows on the grid surface, the gynostemma pentaphylla grows along a slope so as to facilitate winding and climbing growth of stems and tendrils.
7. Harvesting: when harvesting, harvesting on the smooth surface, firstly cutting and harvesting in a standardized manner to obtain strip gynostemma pentaphylla, and then cutting the gynostemma pentaphylla on the grid surface to obtain short gynostemma pentaphylla.
8. And (3) storage: and drying or refrigerating after harvesting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the prominent substantive characteristics and remarkable progress that:
(1) the softness of the leaves of the gynostemma pentaphylla is effectively improved, the growth of the leaves is improved, the luster of the leaves is fully soaked, and the content of saponin is greatly improved;
(2) the method has the advantages that the planting cost is reduced, the quality and the benefit of the gynostemma pentaphylla are improved, solid fertilizer is applied in winter, liquid fertilizer is applied in summer, and fertilizer is applied in a cross mode, so that the gynostemma pentaphylla can easily absorb nutrient substances, the mineral elements needed by a human body are high, and the quality of the gynostemma pentaphylla is greatly improved; lime for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and adopting wild plants or branches on the mountain, wherein the burnt plant ash contains a pest evasion agent, so that pests can not harm the gynostemma pentaphylla any more;
(3) and mugwort
Wormwood (academic name:Artemisia argyi H. Lév. & Vaniot) Also named as Xiaomao, Bingtai, Thalassia, Artemisia vulgaris, mugwort, Pegani, mugwort, moxibustion, medicines, Huangcao, moxa, etc. Perennial herbs or semi-shrubs are formed, and plants have strong fragrance. The whole herb is used as a medicine and has the functions of warming channels, removing dampness, dispelling cold, stopping bleeding, diminishing inflammation, relieving asthma, relieving cough, preventing miscarriage, resisting allergy and the like. Drying folium Artemisiae Argyi, mashing to obtain moxa, making into moxa stick for moxibustion, and using as inkpad"is used as a raw material. Distributed in asia and europe.
The stems and leaves of the wormwood contain volatile aromatic oil, peculiar fragrance is generated, pests are repelled, carbohydrate, protein, cellulose and fat are rich, and the wormwood is also rich in microelements such as copper, zinc, manganese and the like, and as a fertilizer, the wormwood also provides rich nutrient substances for the gynostemma pentaphylla.
(4) The residue after burning of plants (herbs and woody plants) is called plant ash. Belonging to insoluble substances. The plant ash contains potassium carbonate, can provide enough potassium fertilizer for crops, and branches are thicker, and the plant ash fertilizer is ash generated after the plants burn, so that mineral elements contained in the plants are almost contained in the plant ash. The plant ash is light and alkaline, can be used for adjusting the pH value of the fertilizer, and meanwhile, some plants also contain an insect pest evasion agent, for example, ash burnt by wormwood, eucalyptus branches, camphor tree branches and pine branches can effectively prevent the insect pests from harming the growth of the gynostemma pentaphylla.
(5) The bracket in the shape of the Chinese character 'ren' is erected to enable the gynostemma pentaphylla to grow along the grids, so that the harvested gynostemma pentaphylla is clean and tidy without sludge;
(6) the production of the high-quality gynostemma pentaphylla can generate good economic benefit and ecological benefit, promote the upgrading of the gynostemma pentaphylla industry, realize the sustainable utilization of gynostemma pentaphylla resources and convert the gynostemma pentaphylla resources into economic advantages.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
compared with the prior art, the gynostemma pentaphylla obtained by the invention is put into the market, the market effect is reflected well, and compared with the existing gynostemma pentaphylla and wild gynostemma pentaphylla in the market, the product has the advantages of high market evaluation, less impurities and high nutritional value. The described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1. Seed selection: the gynostemma pentaphylla with high saponin content, no bitter taste and good growth is selected as the seedling.
2. Selecting land: the selenium-enriched soilless culture medium does not contain heavy metals and is rich in selenium, and is planted in loose, fertile and moist loam with few stones in hilly lands and in shady and cool places.
3. Cutting propagation: selecting strong stems and tendrils growing in the previous year, cutting into 3 sections of cuttings, cutting to a seedbed, keeping the seedbed in a cool and shady area, moistening, and transplanting after the seedlings grow to about 10 cm in height after 40 days.
4. Fertilizing: in the planting process of the gynostemma pentaphylla, organic fertilizers are used as fertilizers, rotten farmyard manure is used as base fertilizer, 1000 kilograms of fertilizer is applied to each mu before sowing, and 2% of lime is added to prevent diseases; in summer, top dressing, mainly applying wet retting fertilizer, mixing a small amount of bone meal and plant ash, digging a ditch around gynostemma pentaphylla in 11 months before winter, applying mixed fertilizer of biogas slurry or pond sludge, pigsty sludge and cowry fence sludge once, adding 1% of bone meal and 4% of vegetable oil bran cake by weight into the mixed fertilizer, and adding 1% of wormwood crushed matter by weight, so that pests at the root of gynostemma pentaphylla can be avoided; when pests are found, the wormwood is burnt and dusted on the roots of the gynostemma pentaphylla, and 30 kilograms per mu of the gynostemma pentaphylla can prevent diseases and pests such as cutworms, grubs and the like.
5. Building a shed: the bracket is arranged in a herringbone mode, the height is about 1.0 meter, one side is a grid surface, the other side is a smooth surface, and when the gynostemma pentaphylla grows on the grid surface, the gynostemma pentaphylla grows along a slope so as to facilitate winding and climbing growth of stems and vines.
6. Harvesting: when harvesting, harvesting on the smooth surface, firstly cutting and harvesting in a standardized manner to obtain strip gynostemma pentaphylla, and then cutting the gynostemma pentaphylla on the grid surface to obtain short gynostemma pentaphylla.
7. And (3) storage: and (5) drying after harvesting.
Example 2
1. Seed selection: the gynostemma pentaphylla with high saponin content, no bitter taste and good growth is selected as the seedling.
2. Selecting land: the selenium-enriched soilless culture medium does not contain heavy metals and is rich in selenium, and is planted in loose, fertile and moist loam with few stones in hilly lands and in shady and cool places.
3. Cutting propagation: selecting strong stems and tendrils growing in the previous year, cutting into 4-section cuttings, cutting to a seedbed, keeping the seedbed in a cool and shady area, moistening, and transplanting after 45 days when the height of seedlings reaches about 10 cm.
4. Fertilizing: in the planting process of the gynostemma pentaphylla, organic fertilizers are used as fertilizers, rotten farmyard manure is used as base fertilizer, 1200 kilograms of fertilizer are applied to each mu before sowing, and 3% of lime is added to prevent diseases; in summer, top dressing, mainly applying retting water fertilizer, mixing a small amount of bone meal and plant ash, digging a ditch around gynostemma pentaphylla in 11 months before winter, applying mixed fertilizer of biogas slurry or pond sludge, pigsty sludge and cowry fence sludge once, adding 2% of bone meal and 3% of vegetable oil bran cake in the mixed fertilizer, and adding 2% of wormwood crushed matter in weight, so that pests at the root of gynostemma pentaphylla can be avoided; when pests are found, the wormwood is burnt and dusted on the roots of the gynostemma pentaphylla, and 30 kilograms per mu of the gynostemma pentaphylla can prevent diseases and pests such as cutworms, grubs and the like.
5. Building a shed: the bracket is erected into a herringbone bracket, the height is about 1.2 meters, one side is a grid surface, the other side is a smooth surface, and when the bracket is planted, the gynostemma pentaphylla grows along a slope so as to facilitate winding and climbing growth of stems and tendrils.
6. Harvesting: when harvesting, harvesting on the smooth surface, firstly cutting and harvesting in a standardized manner to obtain strip gynostemma pentaphylla, and then cutting the gynostemma pentaphylla on the grid surface to obtain short gynostemma pentaphylla.
7. And (3) storage: and drying or refrigerating after harvesting.
Example 3
1. Seed selection: the gynostemma pentaphylla with high saponin content, no bitter taste and good growth is selected as the seedling.
2. Selecting land: the selenium-enriched soilless culture medium does not contain heavy metals and is rich in selenium, and is planted in loose, fertile and moist loam with few stones in hilly lands and in shady and cool places.
3. Cutting propagation: selecting strong stems and tendrils growing in the previous year, cutting into 4-section cuttings, cutting to a seedbed, keeping the seedbed in a cool and shady area, moistening, and transplanting after 50 days when the height of the seedlings reaches about 10 cm.
4. Fertilizing: in the planting process of the gynostemma pentaphylla, organic fertilizers are used as fertilizers, rotten farmyard manure is used as base fertilizer, 1500 kilograms of fertilizer is applied to each mu before sowing, and 1.5% of lime is added to prevent diseases; in summer, top dressing, mainly applying retting water fertilizer, mixing a small amount of bone meal and plant ash, digging a ditch around gynostemma pentaphylla in 11 months before winter, applying mixed fertilizer of biogas slurry or pond sludge, pigsty sludge and cowry fence sludge once, adding 3% of bone meal and 5% of vegetable oil bran cake in the mixed fertilizer, and adding 3% of wormwood crushed matter in weight, so that pests at the root of gynostemma pentaphylla can be avoided; when pests are found, the wormwood is burnt and dusted on the roots of the gynostemma pentaphylla, and 30 kilograms per mu of the gynostemma pentaphylla can prevent diseases and pests such as cutworms, grubs and the like.
5. Building a shed: the planting method is characterized in that a herringbone support is erected, the height of the herringbone support is about 0.8 m, one side of the herringbone support is a grid surface, the other side of the herringbone support is a smooth surface, and the gynostemma pentaphylla grows along a slope during planting so as to facilitate winding and climbing growth of stems and tendrils.
6. Harvesting: when harvesting, harvesting on the smooth surface, firstly cutting and harvesting in a standardized manner to obtain strip gynostemma pentaphylla, and then cutting the gynostemma pentaphylla on the grid surface to obtain short gynostemma pentaphylla.
7. And (3) storage: and drying or refrigerating after harvesting.