CN110881286A - Gynostemma pentaphylla plug seedling method - Google Patents
Gynostemma pentaphylla plug seedling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110881286A CN110881286A CN201810957710.1A CN201810957710A CN110881286A CN 110881286 A CN110881286 A CN 110881286A CN 201810957710 A CN201810957710 A CN 201810957710A CN 110881286 A CN110881286 A CN 110881286A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/021—Pots formed in one piece; Materials used therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0293—Seed or shoot receptacles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0295—Units comprising two or more connected receptacles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Abstract
The invention relates to a gynostemma pentaphylla plug seedling method, which has the advantages that the gynostemma pentaphylla seedling time is advanced, the gynostemma pentaphylla seedling period is reduced, annual cyclic cultivation of gynostemma pentaphylla can be realized, and the local soil environment is not influenced; the germination rate and the overwintering survival rate of the gynostemma pentaphylla sprouts are effectively improved, and the number of root systems of each seedling cultured by the method is remarkably increased; the gynostemma pentaphylla seed has the advantages of uniform germination and stable root growth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gynostemma pentaphylla cultivation, and particularly relates to a gynostemma pentaphylla plug seedling method.
Background
The gynostemma pentaphylla is named as 'southern ginseng', is called as magical 'non-aging and longevity herb' by folk, can treat hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, fatty liver and other symptoms, and has the effects of protecting liver, detoxifying, reducing blood pressure, reducing blood fat and blood sugar. In the prior art, gynostemma pentaphylla is generally sown at the beginning of 3 months at the bottom of 4 months and matured in the middle and last ten days of 10 months every year, meanwhile, requirements on soil and environment of a planting area are high, and after gynostemma pentaphylla seedlings are cultivated once in the current year, a large amount of soil nutrients are lost in the second year, so that the gynostemma pentaphylla cannot be used as a cultivating environment for cultivating the gynostemma pentaphylla seedlings again, soil environment nutrient loss and soil impoverishment are caused, meanwhile, the germination rate and resistance of the gynostemma pentaphylla seedlings cultivated by adopting the traditional technology are relatively low, and the survival rate is low after the gynostemma pentaphylla seedlings grow into winter.
Patent publication No. CN108124705A discloses a method for planting gynostemma pentaphylla, which is to directly plant gynostemma pentaphylla in soil ground, damage to local soil structure can be brought while planting gynostemma pentaphylla, and after the gynostemma pentaphylla is planted once, local soil nutrient loss is serious, and repeated planting cannot be realized.
The patent with publication number CN107637457A discloses a planting method of gynostemma pentaphylla, wherein before planting gynostemma pentaphylla, ditches are dug around gynostemma pentaphylla, mixed fertilizers of marsh mud or pond mud, pigsty mud and cowry fence mud are applied once, the time consumption is long, the planting cost is increased, and poor proportioning control easily causes eutrophication of local land environment or excessive barrenness of microorganisms, so that the method is not suitable for self-circulation purification and long-term utilization of the soil environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a gynostemma pentaphylla plug seedling method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) site arrangement: selecting a sunny and flat area as a seedling growing field, building a greenhouse, arranging a sunshade net above the outer layer of the greenhouse, ensuring that the sunshade area reaches 30-90%, paving a plastic film below the greenhouse, introducing filtered water to the upper part inside the plastic film, injecting water body nutrient solution into the filtered water according to the mass fraction of 12000: 3-5 of the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution, keeping the liquid level height of the filtered water more than or equal to 4cm after the water body nutrient solution is added, and arranging a plug tray above the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution;
(2) seed throwing: a plurality of cultivating holes are formed in the plug tray at equal intervals, a seedling substrate is filled in each cultivating hole in advance, cultivating holes are dug in the seedling substrate of each cultivating hole, 2 gynostemma pentaphylla seeds are uniformly embedded into each cultivating hole through a mechanical arm to ensure that the seed feeding positions are uniform, and a layer of seedling substrate is covered above the seeds to ensure that the seeds are completely covered by the seedling substrate;
(3) water spraying: uniformly spraying water to the seedling substrate in the cultivation hole 2 days after the seeds are put in, spraying and watering from the top until water flows out from the bottom layer of the hole tray, covering a seedling film on the hole tray after watering, removing the seedling film after the gynostemma pentaphylla sprouts, and watering once every 1 day after removing the seedling film;
(4) spraying germination-promoting nutrient solution to the seedling culture medium in the cultivation holes at intervals of 2 days after water spraying;
(5) preventing root rot from occurring: on the 5 th to 7 th days after the seeds are put into the container, checking whether the root system of the seeds is rotten, if the root system is rotten, spraying a medicament for preventing and treating root rot to the seeds for 1 to 2 times every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(6) preventing diseases caused by algae growth: on the 5 th to 7 th days after the seeds are put into the hole tray, checking whether the sign of growing algae appears on the hole tray, if the algae grows, inhibiting the communication between the hole tray and the lower filtered water and the water body nutrient solution, keeping for 7 to 10 days, simultaneously spraying a medicament for preventing and controlling the growth of the algae to the hole tray for 1 to 2 times every 3 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(7) preventing the plant from growing too fast: on the 5 th to 7 th days after the seeds are put into the container, checking whether the root system of the seeds grows too fast, if the root system grows too fast, spraying chlormequat chloride (CCC) to the seeds for 1 to 2 times every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(8) spraying a leaf fertilizer: spraying foliar fertilizer to the seedlings growing in the seedling substrate in the cultivation holes to improve the resistance about 1 month after the seeds are put into the cultivation holes;
(9) lifting seedlings: cutting off overlong root systems 2-3 weeks before seedling lifting, and inhibiting the connection of the plug tray, the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution 1-2 weeks before seedling lifting;
(10) and (4) transplanting, namely transplanting the grown gynostemma pentaphylla seedlings into a seedling growing environment.
Furthermore, the plastic film is a common film without any chemical additive, and the thickness of the film is any one of 6 threads, 8 threads or 10 threads, so that the situation that chemical additives in the film enter the filtered water containing the water nutrient solution to destroy nutrients in the water so as to influence the growth of the root system of the gynostemma pentaphylla seeds is avoided.
Further, the plug tray is made of foam materials, the plug tray is in a cuboid shape with the length of 54cm, the width of 28cm and the height of 4cm, 15 rectangular cultivation holes are formed in the plug tray at equal intervals in the length direction, 7 rectangular cultivation holes are formed in the plug tray at equal intervals in the width direction, the size of each cultivation hole is 3.5cm x 3.9cm, circular through holes communicated with filtered water and water nutrient solution are formed in the bottoms of the cultivation holes, the cultivation holes are used for containing seedling cultivation substrates, and the circular through holes are used for enabling roots of the gynostemma pentaphylla seeds after germination to penetrate out and enter the filtered water and the water nutrient solution.
Further, the seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
furthermore, the inner diameter of the cultivation hole is 10mm, and the depth of the cultivation hole is 5-10 mm.
Furthermore, before the gynostemma pentaphylla seeds are put into cultivation holes dug in the seedling substrate, the gynostemma pentaphylla seeds are soaked in warm water for 12 hours, then the seeds are polished once by coarse sand, and then the gynostemma pentaphylla seeds are air-dried, so that the skin is cut open to expose germs, the germination of the seeds is promoted, and the growth of seedlings is facilitated.
Further, the germination promoting nutrient solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
furthermore, each of the plug trays are closely arranged and abutted against each other, so that the floating stability of the plug trays above the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution is ensured, and the plug trays are reversely buckled above the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution to block sunlight and prevent algae from growing before the plug trays are arranged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) because the gynostemma pentaphylla seed is in the filtration water that has added the water nutrient solution, reduced the seed and be located the temperature, simultaneously through setting up the big-arch shelter, arrange the sunshade net in big-arch shelter outer top, and ensure that the sunshade area reaches 30-90%, reduce the illumination intensity, thereby make traditional gynostemma pentaphylla sow to the transplanting of lifting seedlings from 3 months end 4 months of each year, change to adopt this application method to throw kind from about 3 months 20 days of each year, with gynostemma pentaphylla time of growing seedlings in advance, reduce the gynostemma pentaphylla period of growing seedlings simultaneously, because filtration water and water nutrient solution can circulate and let in, therefore can realize the annual circulation cultivation of gynostemma pentaphylla, can not cause the influence to local soil environment.
(2) The gynostemma pentaphylla seed root system is in the filtered water containing the water body nutrient solution, meanwhile, the seeds are in the seedling culture medium and are regularly sprayed with the germination promoting nutrient solution, the germination rate and the overwintering survival rate of gynostemma pentaphylla sprouts are effectively improved, and meanwhile, the root system number of each seedling cultured by the method provided by the invention is remarkably improved.
(3) The water nutrient solution and the seedling culture medium completely cover the seeds and the root hairs at the germination stage and the root stretching stage, and the formed environment system ensures that the gynostemma pentaphylla seeds germinate uniformly and the root system grows stably.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a plug adopted in the plug seedling method of Gynostemma pentaphyllum.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural arrangement diagram of the Gynostemma pentaphylla plug seedling method.
Detailed Description
The following non-limiting examples are presented to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to more fully understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
As shown in fig. 1, the plug tray 1 is made of foam, the plug tray 1 is set to be in a cuboid shape with a length of 54cm, a width of 28cm and a height of 4cm, 15 rectangular cultivating holes 2 are arranged in the length direction of the plug tray 1 at equal intervals, 7 rectangular cultivating holes 2 are arranged in the width direction of the plug tray 1 at equal intervals, the size of each cultivating hole 2 is 3.5cm × 3.5cm × 3.9cm, and circular through holes 3 for communicating filtered water and water nutrient solution 4 are arranged at the bottoms of the cultivating holes 2.
As shown in fig. 2, a plastic film 5 is laid below the greenhouse, filtered water is introduced into the upper part of the interior of the plastic film 5, water nutrient solution is injected into the filtered water according to the mass fraction of 12000: 3-5 of the filtered water and the water nutrient solution, the height of the liquid level of the filtered water is not less than 4cm after the water nutrient solution is added, and a plug tray 1 is arranged above the filtered water and the water nutrient solution 4;
a plurality of cultivating holes 2 are formed in the plug tray 1 at equal intervals, a seedling substrate 6 is filled in each cultivating hole in advance, cultivating holes 7 are dug in the seedling substrate 6 of each cultivating hole 2, 2 gynostemma pentaphylla seeds are uniformly embedded in each cultivating hole 7 through a mechanical arm, and then a layer of seedling substrate is covered above the seeds;
example 1
A gynostemma pentaphylla plug seedling method comprises the following steps:
(1) site arrangement: selecting a sunny and flat area as a seedling growing field, building a greenhouse, arranging a sunshade net above the outer layer of the greenhouse and ensuring that the sunshade area reaches 60%, paving a common 6-filament plastic film without any chemical additive below the greenhouse, introducing filtered water above the interior of the plastic film, injecting water nutrient solution into the filtered water according to the mass fraction of 12000:3 of the filtered water and the water nutrient solution, keeping the liquid level height of the filtered water more than or equal to 4cm after the water nutrient solution is added, and arranging the filtered water and the water nutrient solution above the filtered water
A plug disc of 54cm × 28cm × 4 cm;
(2) seed throwing: a plurality of rectangular cultivating holes with the size of 3.5cm multiplied by 3.9cm are arranged on the plug at equal intervals, round through holes communicated with filtered water and water nutrient solution are arranged at the bottoms of the cultivating holes, seedling raising substrates are filled in each cultivating hole in advance, and each seedling raising substrate comprises 30 parts of grass carbon, 10 parts of perlite, 15 parts of vermiculite, 30 parts of vinegar residue and 5 parts of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements; digging cultivation holes with the inner diameter of 10mm and the depth of 10mm in the seedling substrate of each cultivation hole, uniformly burying 2 gynostemma pentaphylla seeds into each cultivation hole through a mechanical arm, and covering a layer of seedling substrate above the seeds;
(3) water spraying: uniformly spraying water to the seedling substrate in the cultivation hole 2 days after the seeds are put in, spraying and watering from the top until water flows out from the bottom layer of the hole tray, covering a seedling film on the hole tray after watering, removing the seedling film after the gynostemma pentaphylla sprouts, and watering once every 1 day after removing the seedling film;
(4) spraying germination-promoting nutrient solution to the seedling culture substrate in the cultivation hole at an interval of 2 days after water spraying, wherein the germination-promoting nutrient solution comprises 2 parts of potassium permanganate, 10 parts of calcium chloride, 0 part of PEG 4000100 and 100 parts of gibberellin; 20 parts of 6-BA; IAA5 parts;
(5) preventing root rot from occurring: on the 5 th day after the seeds are put into the container, checking whether the root systems of the seeds are rotten, if the root systems are rotten, spraying a medicament for preventing and treating root rot to the seeds for 1 time every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(6) preventing diseases caused by algae growth: on the 5 th day after the seeds are put into the hole tray, checking whether the sign of growing algae appears on the hole tray, if the algae grows, inhibiting the connection between the hole tray and the lower filtered water and the water body nutrient solution, keeping for 7 days, simultaneously spraying the agent for preventing the growth of the algae to the hole tray for 1 time every 3 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(7) preventing the plant from growing too fast: on the 5 th day after the seeds are put in, checking whether the root system growth height of the seeds is too fast, if the root system growth is too fast, spraying chlormequat chloride (CCC) to the seeds for 1 time every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(8) spraying a leaf fertilizer: spraying foliar fertilizer to the seedlings growing in the seedling substrate in the cultivation holes to improve the resistance about 1 month after the seeds are put into the cultivation holes;
(9) lifting seedlings: cutting off overlong root systems 2 weeks before seedling lifting, and inhibiting the connection of the plug tray with the lower filtered water and water body nutrient solution 1 week before seedling lifting;
(10) and (4) transplanting, namely transplanting the grown gynostemma pentaphylla seedlings into a seedling growing environment.
Table 1 shows the growth of the Gynostemma pentaphyllum seedlings obtained by the method of this example.
Example 2
A gynostemma pentaphylla plug seedling method comprises the following steps:
(1) site arrangement: selecting a sunny and flat area as a seedling growing field, building a greenhouse, arranging a sunshade net above the outer layer of the greenhouse, ensuring that the sunshade area reaches 60%, paving a common 8-filament plastic film without any chemical additive below the greenhouse, introducing filtered water above the interior of the plastic film, injecting water body nutrient solution into the filtered water according to the mass fraction of the filtered water to the water body nutrient solution of 12000:3, keeping the liquid level height of the filtered water to be more than or equal to 4cm after the water body nutrient solution is added, and arranging a plug tray of 54cm multiplied by 28cm multiplied by 4cm above the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution;
(2) seed throwing: a plurality of rectangular cultivating holes with the size of 3.5cm multiplied by 3.9cm are arranged on the plug at equal intervals, round through holes communicated with filtered water and water nutrient solution are arranged at the bottoms of the cultivating holes, seedling raising substrates are filled in each cultivating hole in advance, and each seedling raising substrate comprises 50 parts of turf, 20 parts of perlite, 15 parts of vermiculite, 30 parts of vinegar residue and 5 parts of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements; digging cultivation holes with the inner diameter of 10mm and the depth of 10mm in the seedling substrate of each cultivation hole, uniformly burying 2 gynostemma pentaphylla seeds into each cultivation hole through a mechanical arm, and covering a layer of seedling substrate above the seeds;
(3) water spraying: uniformly spraying water to the seedling substrate in the cultivation hole 2 days after the seeds are put in, spraying and watering from the top until water flows out from the bottom layer of the hole tray, covering a seedling film on the hole tray after watering, removing the seedling film after the gynostemma pentaphylla sprouts, and watering once every 1 day after removing the seedling film;
(4) spraying germination-promoting nutrient solution to the seedling culture medium in the cultivation hole at an interval of 2 days after water spraying, wherein the germination-promoting nutrient solution comprises 5 parts of potassium permanganate, 30 parts of calcium chloride, 0 part of PEG 4000300 and 300 parts of gibberellin; 20 parts of 6-BA; IAA15 parts;
(5) preventing root rot from occurring: on the 7 th day after the seeds are put into the container, checking whether the root system of the seeds is rotten, if the root system is rotten, spraying a medicament for preventing and treating root rot to the seeds for 2 times every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(6) preventing diseases caused by algae growth: on the 7 th day after the seeds are put, checking whether the plug shows the sign of growing algae, if the algae grows, inhibiting the connection between the plug and the lower filtered water and the water body nutrient solution, keeping for 10 days, and simultaneously spraying the agent for preventing the algae from growing to the plug for 1 time every 3 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(7) preventing the plant from growing too fast: on the 7 th day after the seeds are put in, checking whether the growth height of the root system of the seeds is too fast, if the growth height of the root system is too fast, spraying chlormequat chloride (CCC) to the seeds for 2 times every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(8) spraying a leaf fertilizer: spraying foliar fertilizer to the seedlings growing in the seedling substrate in the cultivation holes to improve the resistance about 1 month after the seeds are put into the cultivation holes;
(9) lifting seedlings: cutting off overlong root systems 2 weeks before seedling lifting, and inhibiting the connection of the plug tray with the lower filtered water and water body nutrient solution 1 week before seedling lifting;
(10) and (4) transplanting, namely transplanting the grown gynostemma pentaphylla seedlings into a seedling growing environment.
Table 1 shows the growth of the Gynostemma pentaphyllum seedlings obtained by the method of this example.
Example 3
A gynostemma pentaphylla plug seedling method comprises the following steps:
(1) site arrangement: selecting a sunny and flat area as a seedling growing field, building a greenhouse, arranging a sunshade net above the outer layer of the greenhouse, ensuring that the sunshade area reaches 60%, paving a common 10-filament plastic film without any chemical additive below the greenhouse, introducing filtered water above the interior of the plastic film, injecting water body nutrient solution into the filtered water according to the mass fraction of the filtered water to the water body nutrient solution of 12000:3, keeping the liquid level height of the filtered water to be more than or equal to 4cm after the water body nutrient solution is added, and arranging a plug tray of 54cm multiplied by 28cm multiplied by 4cm above the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution;
(2) seed throwing: a plurality of rectangular cultivating holes with the size of 3.5cm multiplied by 3.9cm are arranged on the plug at equal intervals, round through holes communicated with filtered water and water nutrient solution are arranged at the bottoms of the cultivating holes, seedling raising substrates are filled in each cultivating hole in advance, and each seedling raising substrate comprises 60 parts of turf, 20 parts of perlite, 10 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of vinegar residue and 2 parts of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements; digging cultivation holes with the inner diameter of 10mm and the depth of 10mm in the seedling substrate of each cultivation hole, uniformly burying 2 gynostemma pentaphylla seeds into each cultivation hole through a mechanical arm, and covering a layer of seedling substrate above the seeds;
(3) water spraying: uniformly spraying water to the seedling substrate in the cultivation hole 2 days after the seeds are put in, spraying and watering from the top until water flows out from the bottom layer of the hole tray, covering a seedling film on the hole tray after watering, removing the seedling film after the gynostemma pentaphylla sprouts, and watering once every 1 day after removing the seedling film;
(4) spraying germination-promoting nutrient solution to the seedling culture substrate in the cultivation hole at an interval of 2 days after water spraying, wherein the germination-promoting nutrient solution comprises 1 part of potassium permanganate, 20 parts of calcium chloride, 0 part of PEG 4000200 and 200 parts of gibberellin; 20 parts of 6-BA; IAA10 parts;
(5) preventing root rot from occurring: on the 5 th day after the seeds are put into the container, checking whether the root systems of the seeds are rotten, if the root systems are rotten, spraying a medicament for preventing and treating root rot to the seeds for 1 time every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(6) preventing diseases caused by algae growth: on the 5 th day after the seeds are put into the hole tray, checking whether the sign of growing algae appears on the hole tray, if the algae grows, inhibiting the connection between the hole tray and the lower filtered water and the water body nutrient solution, keeping for 7 days, simultaneously spraying the agent for preventing the growth of the algae to the hole tray for 1 time every 3 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(7) preventing the plant from growing too fast: on the 5 th day after the seeds are put in, checking whether the root system growth height of the seeds is too fast, if the root system growth is too fast, spraying chlormequat chloride (CCC) to the seeds for 1 time every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(8) spraying a leaf fertilizer: spraying foliar fertilizer to the seedlings growing in the seedling substrate in the cultivation holes to improve the resistance about 1 month after the seeds are put into the cultivation holes;
(9) lifting seedlings: cutting off overlong root systems 2 weeks before seedling lifting, and inhibiting the connection of the plug tray with the lower filtered water and water body nutrient solution 1 week before seedling lifting;
(10) and (4) transplanting, namely transplanting the grown gynostemma pentaphylla seedlings into a seedling growing environment.
Table 1 shows the growth of the Gynostemma pentaphyllum seedlings obtained by the method of this example.
Comparative example 1
Adopting a common gynostemma pentaphylla seedling culture method to carry out gynostemma pentaphylla seedling culture in proper soil.
Table 1 shows the growth of the Gynostemma pentaphyllum seedlings obtained by the comparative example method.
Comparative example 2
A gynostemma pentaphylla plug seedling method comprises the following steps:
(1) site arrangement: selecting a sunny and flat area as a seedling growing field, building a greenhouse, arranging a sunshade net above the outer layer of the greenhouse, ensuring that the sunshade area reaches 60%, paving a common 6-filament plastic film without any chemical additive below the greenhouse, introducing filtered water above the interior of the plastic film, injecting water body nutrient solution into the filtered water according to the mass fraction of the filtered water to the water body nutrient solution of 12000:3, keeping the liquid level height of the filtered water to be more than or equal to 4cm after the water body nutrient solution is added, and arranging a plug tray of 54cm multiplied by 28cm multiplied by 4cm above the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution;
(2) seed throwing: a plurality of rectangular cultivating holes with the size of 3.5cm multiplied by 3.9cm are arranged on the plug at equal intervals, round through holes communicated with filtered water and water nutrient solution are arranged at the bottoms of the cultivating holes, seedling raising soil is filled in each cultivating hole in advance, and the seedling raising soil is an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements; digging cultivation holes with the inner diameter of 10mm and the depth of 10mm in the seedling raising soil of each cultivation hole, uniformly burying 2 gynostemma pentaphylla seeds into each cultivation hole through a mechanical arm, and covering a layer of seedling raising soil above the seeds;
(3) water spraying: uniformly spraying water to the seedling substrate in the cultivation hole 2 days after the seeds are put in, spraying and watering from the top until water flows out from the bottom layer of the hole tray, covering a seedling film on the hole tray after watering, removing the seedling film after the gynostemma pentaphylla sprouts, and watering once every 1 day after removing the seedling film;
(4) spraying germination-promoting nutrient solution to the seedling culture soil in the cultivation holes at an interval of 2 days after water spraying, wherein the germination-promoting nutrient solution comprises 2 parts of potassium permanganate, 10 parts of calcium chloride, 0 part of PEG 4000100 and 100 parts of gibberellin; 20 parts of 6-BA; IAA5 parts;
(5) preventing root rot from occurring: on the 5 th day after the seeds are put into the container, checking whether the root systems of the seeds are rotten, if the root systems are rotten, spraying a medicament for preventing and treating root rot to the seeds for 1 time every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(6) preventing diseases caused by algae growth: on the 5 th day after the seeds are put into the hole tray, checking whether the sign of growing algae appears on the hole tray, if the algae grows, inhibiting the connection between the hole tray and the lower filtered water and the water body nutrient solution, keeping for 7 days, simultaneously spraying the agent for preventing the growth of the algae to the hole tray for 1 time every 3 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(7) preventing the plant from growing too fast: on the 5 th day after the seeds are put in, checking whether the root system growth height of the seeds is too fast, if the root system growth is too fast, spraying chlormequat chloride (CCC) to the seeds for 1 time every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(8) spraying a leaf fertilizer: spraying foliar fertilizer to the seedlings growing in the seedling soil in the cultivation holes about 1 month after the seeds are put into the cultivation holes to improve the resistance;
(9) lifting seedlings: cutting off overlong root systems 2 weeks before seedling lifting, and inhibiting the connection of the plug tray with the lower filtered water and water body nutrient solution 1 week before seedling lifting;
(10) and (4) transplanting, namely transplanting the grown gynostemma pentaphylla seedlings into a seedling growing environment.
Table 1 shows the growth of the Gynostemma pentaphyllum seedlings obtained by the comparative example method.
Comparative example 3
A gynostemma pentaphylla plug seedling method comprises the following steps:
(1) site arrangement: selecting a sunny and flat area as a seedling growing field, building a greenhouse, arranging a sunshade net above the outer layer of the greenhouse, ensuring that the sunshade area reaches 60%, paving a common 8-filament plastic film without any chemical additive below the greenhouse, introducing filtered water to the upper part inside the plastic film, keeping the liquid level height of the filtered water to be more than or equal to 4cm, and arranging a plug tray of 54cm multiplied by 28cm multiplied by 4cm above the filtered water;
(2) seed throwing: a plurality of rectangular cultivating holes with the size of 3.5cm multiplied by 3.9cm are arranged on the plug at equal intervals, round through holes communicated with filtered water are arranged at the bottoms of the cultivating holes, seedling raising substrates are filled in each cultivating hole in advance, and each seedling raising substrate comprises 50 parts of turf, 20 parts of perlite, 15 parts of vermiculite, 30 parts of vinegar residue and 5 parts of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements; digging cultivation holes with the inner diameter of 10mm and the depth of 10mm in the seedling substrate of each cultivation hole, uniformly burying 2 gynostemma pentaphylla seeds into each cultivation hole through a mechanical arm, and covering a layer of seedling substrate above the seeds;
(3) water spraying: uniformly spraying water to the seedling substrate in the cultivation hole 2 days after the seeds are put in, spraying and watering from the top until water flows out from the bottom layer of the hole tray, covering a seedling film on the hole tray after watering, removing the seedling film after the gynostemma pentaphylla sprouts, and watering once every 1 day after removing the seedling film;
(4) spraying germination-promoting nutrient solution to the seedling culture medium in the cultivation hole at an interval of 2 days after water spraying, wherein the germination-promoting nutrient solution comprises 5 parts of potassium permanganate, 30 parts of calcium chloride, 0 part of PEG 4000300 and 300 parts of gibberellin; 20 parts of 6-BA; IAA15 parts;
(5) preventing root rot from occurring: on the 7 th day after the seeds are put into the container, checking whether the root system of the seeds is rotten, if the root system is rotten, spraying a medicament for preventing and treating root rot to the seeds for 2 times every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(6) preventing diseases caused by algae growth: on the 7 th day after the seeds are put, checking whether the plug shows the sign of growing algae, if the algae grows, inhibiting the connection between the plug and the lower filtered water, keeping for 10 days, and spraying the agent for preventing the growth of the algae to the plug for 1 time every 3 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(7) preventing the plant from growing too fast: on the 7 th day after the seeds are put in, checking whether the growth height of the root system of the seeds is too fast, if the growth height of the root system is too fast, spraying chlormequat chloride (CCC) to the seeds for 2 times every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(8) spraying a leaf fertilizer: spraying foliar fertilizer to the seedlings growing in the seedling substrate in the cultivation holes to improve the resistance about 1 month after the seeds are put into the cultivation holes;
(9) lifting seedlings: cutting off overlong root systems 2 weeks before seedling lifting, and inhibiting the connection of the plug tray with the lower filtered water and water body nutrient solution 1 week before seedling lifting;
(10) and (4) transplanting, namely transplanting the grown gynostemma pentaphylla seedlings into a seedling growing environment.
Table 1 shows the growth of the Gynostemma pentaphyllum seedlings obtained by the comparative example method. Comparative example 4
A gynostemma pentaphylla plug seedling method comprises the following steps:
(1) site arrangement: selecting a sunny and flat area as a seedling growing field, building a greenhouse, arranging a sunshade net above the outer layer of the greenhouse, ensuring that the sunshade area reaches 60%, paving a common 10-filament plastic film without any chemical additive below the greenhouse, introducing filtered water above the interior of the plastic film, injecting water body nutrient solution into the filtered water according to the mass fraction of the filtered water to the water body nutrient solution of 12000:3, keeping the liquid level height of the filtered water to be more than or equal to 4cm after the water body nutrient solution is added, and arranging a plug tray of 54cm multiplied by 28cm multiplied by 4cm above the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution;
(2) seed throwing: a plurality of rectangular cultivating holes with the size of 3.5cm multiplied by 3.9cm are arranged on the plug at equal intervals, round through holes communicated with filtered water and water nutrient solution are arranged at the bottoms of the cultivating holes, seedling raising substrates are filled in each cultivating hole in advance, and each seedling raising substrate comprises 60 parts of turf, 20 parts of perlite, 10 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of vinegar residue and 2 parts of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements; digging cultivation holes with the inner diameter of 10mm and the depth of 10mm in the seedling substrate of each cultivation hole, uniformly burying 2 gynostemma pentaphylla seeds into each cultivation hole through a mechanical arm, and covering a layer of seedling substrate above the seeds;
(3) water spraying: uniformly spraying water to the seedling substrate in the cultivation hole 2 days after the seeds are put in, spraying and watering from the top until water flows out from the bottom layer of the hole tray, covering a seedling film on the hole tray after watering, removing the seedling film after the gynostemma pentaphylla sprouts, and watering once every 1 day after removing the seedling film;
(4) spraying common nutrient solution to the seedling substrate in the cultivation holes at an interval of 2 days after water spraying;
(5) preventing root rot from occurring: on the 5 th day after the seeds are put into the container, checking whether the root systems of the seeds are rotten, if the root systems are rotten, spraying a medicament for preventing and treating root rot to the seeds for 1 time every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(6) preventing diseases caused by algae growth: on the 5 th day after the seeds are put into the hole tray, checking whether the sign of growing algae appears on the hole tray, if the algae grows, inhibiting the connection between the hole tray and the lower filtered water and the water body nutrient solution, keeping for 7 days, simultaneously spraying the agent for preventing the growth of the algae to the hole tray for 1 time every 3 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(7) preventing the plant from growing too fast: on the 5 th day after the seeds are put in, checking whether the root system growth height of the seeds is too fast, if the root system growth is too fast, spraying chlormequat chloride (CCC) to the seeds for 1 time every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(8) spraying a leaf fertilizer: spraying foliar fertilizer to the seedlings growing in the seedling substrate in the cultivation holes to improve the resistance about 1 month after the seeds are put into the cultivation holes;
(9) lifting seedlings: cutting off overlong root systems 2 weeks before seedling lifting, and inhibiting the connection of the plug tray with the lower filtered water and water body nutrient solution 1 week before seedling lifting;
(10) and (4) transplanting, namely transplanting the grown gynostemma pentaphylla seedlings into a seedling growing environment.
Table 1 shows the growth of the Gynostemma pentaphyllum seedlings obtained by the comparative example method.
TABLE 1 Table of growth conditions of Gynostemma pentaphyllum seedlings obtained in each example and comparative example
As can be seen from Table 1, the seedlings of Gynostemma pentaphyllum obtained in the examples had significantly higher germination rates of the seed buds, survival rates in winter, and average lateral root numbers. As can be seen from the comparison between the example 1 and the comparative example 2, the seedling substrate has great effects on improving the germination rate and the survival rate in winter of the gynostemma pentaphylla seedlings; as can be seen from the comparison between the example 2 and the comparative example 3, the nutritive water body formed by the water body nutrient solution and the filtered water has obvious effect on improving the germination rate of the seed buds, the overwintering survival rate and the average lateral root coefficient of the gynostemma pentaphylla seedlings, which is mainly that the water body nutrient solution and the seedling culture substrate completely cover the seeds and the root hairs at the germination stage and the root extending stage, and the formed environmental system ensures that the gynostemma pentaphylla seeds germinate uniformly and the root system grows stably; as can be seen from the comparison of example 3 and comparative example 4, the germination-promoting nutrient has a significant effect on improving the seedling quality of Gynostemma pentaphylla.
The above test results of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 2 to 4 were obtained by testing 2200 plug seedlings per mu of land by the corresponding gynostemma pentaphylla plug seedling method, and the data were rounded up or down.
PEG4000 adopted in the invention is polyethylene glycol 4000, and 6-BA is 6-benzylamino adenine; IAA is indole-3-acetic acid.
In conclusion, the gynostemma pentaphylla seedling obtained by the gynostemma pentaphylla plug seedling method has the advantages that the gynostemma pentaphylla seedling raising time is advanced, meanwhile, the gynostemma pentaphylla seedling raising period is shortened, annual cyclic cultivation of gynostemma pentaphylla can be realized, and the local soil environment is not affected; the germination rate and the overwintering survival rate of the gynostemma pentaphylla sprouts are effectively improved, and the number of root systems of each seedling cultured by the method is remarkably increased; the gynostemma pentaphylla seed has the advantages of uniform germination and stable root growth.
Claims (8)
1. A gynostemma pentaphylla plug seedling method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) site arrangement: selecting a sunny and flat area as a seedling growing field, building a greenhouse, arranging a sunshade net above the outer layer of the greenhouse, ensuring that the sunshade area reaches 30-90%, paving a plastic film below the greenhouse, introducing filtered water to the upper part inside the plastic film, injecting water body nutrient solution into the filtered water according to the mass fraction of 12000: 3-5 of the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution, keeping the liquid level height of the filtered water more than or equal to 4cm after the water body nutrient solution is added, and arranging a plug tray above the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution;
(2) seed throwing: a plurality of cultivation holes are formed in the plug at equal intervals, a seedling substrate is filled in each cultivation hole in advance, cultivation holes are dug in the seedling substrate of each cultivation hole, 2 gynostemma pentaphylla seeds are uniformly embedded in each cultivation hole through a mechanical arm, and then a layer of seedling substrate is covered above the seeds;
(3) water spraying: uniformly spraying water to the seedling substrate in the cultivation hole 2 days after the seeds are put in, spraying and watering from the top until water flows out from the bottom layer of the hole tray, covering a seedling film on the hole tray after watering, removing the seedling film after the gynostemma pentaphylla sprouts, and watering once every 1 day after removing the seedling film;
(4) spraying germination-promoting nutrient solution to the seedling culture medium in the cultivation holes at intervals of 2 days after water spraying;
(5) preventing root rot from occurring: on the 5 th to 7 th days after the seeds are put into the container, checking whether the root system of the seeds is rotten, if the root system is rotten, spraying a medicament for preventing and treating root rot to the seeds for 1 to 2 times every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(6) preventing diseases caused by algae growth: on the 5 th to 7 th days after the seeds are put into the hole tray, checking whether the sign of growing algae appears on the hole tray, if the algae grows, inhibiting the communication between the hole tray and the lower filtered water and the water body nutrient solution, keeping for 7 to 10 days, simultaneously spraying a medicament for preventing and controlling the growth of the algae to the hole tray for 1 to 2 times every 3 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(7) preventing the plant from growing too fast: on the 5 th to 7 th days after the seeds are put into the container, checking whether the root system of the seeds grows too fast, if the root system grows too fast, spraying chlormequat chloride (CCC) to the seeds for 1 to 2 times every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(8) spraying a leaf fertilizer: spraying foliar fertilizer to the seedlings growing in the seedling substrate in the cultivation holes to improve the resistance about 1 month after the seeds are put into the cultivation holes;
(9) lifting seedlings: cutting off overlong root systems 2-3 weeks before seedling lifting, and inhibiting the connection of the plug tray, the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution 1-2 weeks before seedling lifting;
(10) and (4) transplanting, namely transplanting the grown gynostemma pentaphylla seedlings into a seedling growing environment.
2. The gynostemma pentaphylla plug seedling method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the plastic film is a common film without any chemical additive, and the thickness of the plastic film is any one of 6 threads, 8 threads or 10 threads.
3. The gynostemma pentaphylla plug seedling method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the plug tray is made of foam materials, the plug tray is in a cuboid shape with the length of 54cm, the width of 28cm and the height of 4cm, 15 rectangular cultivation holes are formed in the plug tray at equal intervals in the length direction, 7 rectangular cultivation holes are formed in the plug tray at equal intervals in the width direction, the size of each cultivation hole is 3.5cm multiplied by 3.9cm, and circular through holes for communicating filtered water and water nutrient solution are formed in the bottoms of the cultivation holes.
4. The gynostemma pentaphylla plug seedling method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
30-70 parts of turf;
10-30 parts of perlite;
5-15 parts of vermiculite;
10-30 parts of vinegar residue;
1-5 parts of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements.
5. The gynostemma pentaphylla plug seedling method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the inner diameter of the cultivation hole is 10mm, and the depth of the cultivation hole is 5-10 mm.
6. The gynostemma pentaphylla plug seedling method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: before the gynostemma pentaphylla seeds are put into the cultivation holes dug in the seedling culture substrate, the gynostemma pentaphylla seeds are soaked in warm water for 12 hours, then the seeds are polished once by coarse sand, and then the gynostemma pentaphylla seeds are dried in the air.
7. The gynostemma pentaphylla plug seedling method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the germination-promoting nutrient solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
1-5 parts of potassium permanganate;
10-30 parts of calcium chloride;
PEG 4000100-300 parts;
50-300 parts of gibberellin;
10-30 parts of 6-BA;
5-15 parts of IAA.
8. The gynostemma pentaphylla plug seedling method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: each hole tray is closely arranged and mutually abutted, and before the hole trays are arranged, the hole trays are reversely buckled above the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution.
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| CN114287333A (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-04-08 | 广西壮族自治区药用植物园 | Gynostemma pentaphylla water culture method |
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