CN104186368B - A kind of environmental protection, health and economizing type meat duck fermentation bed breeding house - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an environment-friendly, hygienic and economical breeding house for breeding ducks on a fermentation bed, which belongs to the technical field of poultry breeding. The main feature of the present invention is that the breeding duck shed in the invention comprises an aerated fermentation bed at the bottom, and the aerated fermentation bed at the bottom includes a fermentation mattress layer and an aerated fermentation system below the fermentation mattress layer; the fermentation mattress layer It includes a discrete bedding layer of 20 cm on the surface and a straw layer of 15-20 cm on the lower layer; the aerated fermentation system includes an inflatable power unit and an inflatable pipeline device connected to it under the cushion. The invention effectively overcomes the hardening problem of the fermented bedding material caused by the biological characteristics of ducks, improves the aerobic degradation ability of the fermented bedding material to breeding duck feces, reduces the emission of malodorous gas and greenhouse gas, and raises the height of breeding duck feces. The aerobic degradation ability of the side; the drinking water device and the spray cleaning device solve the water demand during dry farming and save water consumption.

Description

An environment-friendly, hygienic and economical meat breeding duck fermentation bed breeding house

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of poultry breeding, in particular to an environment-friendly, hygienic and energy-saving fermented bed breeding house for meat breed ducks.

Background technique

With the intensive breeding of meat ducks, especially the popularization and application of intensive breeding of meat ducks in Cherry Valley, the way of raising meat ducks in Cherry Valley has brought many disadvantages: First, the high-density breeding of meat ducks causes duck excrement in the Concentrated discharge of water bodies in a limited area leads to eutrophication of water bodies and damages the natural environment; secondly, the high-density feeding method causes the content of various pathogenic microorganisms in the water body where breeding ducks are stocked to seriously exceed the standard, thus causing a high incidence of duck disease and death. rate increase.

The feeding method of breeding ducks in fermentation bed realizes in-situ degradation of breeding duck excrement through the aerobic fermentation of fermentation bed, which solves the problem of duck excrement treatment and optimizes the breeding environment of breeding ducks; however, the biological characteristics of ducks Unlike pigs, it does not have the habit of turning over arches of pigs, and the webbed structure of duck paws is more likely to cause the compaction of fermentation bedding materials, resulting in poor air permeability of bedding materials, inhibition of aerobic fermentation, reduced effective degradation of duck manure, and death of fermentation beds At the same time, the thickness of the traditional fermented bedding material is mostly 50-80cm, resulting in a larger plowing depth and a stronger power requirement for the machinery used to turn the bedding material (the horsepower is usually about 8-12 horsepower diesel engine) , thereby producing a lot of noise, which has a serious impact on the breeding of breeding ducks, resulting in a drop in the egg production rate of breeding ducks and even stress death.

The improved feeding method of the Cherry Valley meat ducks in the artificial circulating pool provides an artificial water body for the ducks, which effectively solves the problems of water pollution and excessive pathogenic microorganism content caused by intensive high-density meat duck breeding, and significantly reduces the number of breeding ducks. The incidence rate and death rate of duck disease; however, this method requires the construction of a certain area of cement pools, and due to the need to maintain the cleanliness of the water in the pools, frequent water changes are required, resulting in the fixed facilities and daily maintenance of this feeding method. The consumption of water and energy is large, and a large amount of sewage is polluted to the environment.

The traditional dry breeding method solves the dependence of breeding ducks on water sources, but due to the lack of cleaning effect of water sources, the incidence of intestinal and reproductive tract diseases of breeding ducks is high, causing the mortality and elimination rate of breeding ducks to increase, and the more productive breeding ducks The easier it is to get sick and eliminate.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies existing in the prior art, the primary purpose of the present invention is to provide an environment-friendly, hygienic and economical breeding house for breeding ducks on a fermentation bed. The environment-friendly, hygienic, and energy-saving dry breeding mode of the Cherry Valley Meat Breeding Duck Fermentation Bed of the present invention realizes in-situ degradation of meat breeder duck feces and reduces the construction area of the farm on the basis of solving the dependence of Cherry Valley Meat Breeding Duck Breeding on the water body , effectively reduce the incidence of infectious diseases and the death rate of cherry valley meat ducks, and improve the egg production performance of cherry valley meat ducks.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical proposals: an environment-friendly, hygienic and economical meat breeding duck fermentation bed breeding house, including a breeding duck shed and a sports field yard, and the described duck breeding shed is connected with the sports field yard; The breeding duck shed includes a house wall, a ceiling and a bottom aerated fermentation bed, the ceiling is arranged on the house wall, and the bottom aerated fermentation bed is laid on the ground surrounded by the house wall; the bottom aerated fermentation bed includes A fermented mattress layer and an aerated fermentation system below the fermented mattress layer; the fermented mattress layer includes a 20cm discrete bedding layer on the surface and a 15-20cm straw layer on the lower layer;

The aerated fermentation system includes an inflated power unit and an inflated pipeline device connected to it under the cushion;

The aeration pipeline device includes a nano aeration tube, an aeration tube and an aeration tube solidification base plate; the nano aeration tube is arranged in the aeration tube, and an air outlet is arranged on the aeration tube, and the solidification base plate There is a triangular groove on the top, the said inflatable tube is arranged on the triangular groove, the said nano aeration tube is connected with the inflatable power device, and the air is provided by the inflatable power device; Spacing is laid on the bottom of the fermented mattress material.

The inflatable power device includes a fan, a main pipe, a valve and a branch pipe; the fan is connected to the main pipe, the main pipe is connected to a number of branch pipes, the branch pipes are provided with valves, and the branch pipes are connected to the nano aeration pipes. connect.

The blower fan is a Roots blower;

The said main pipe is steel braided hose;

The branch pipes are steel braided hoses;

The area ratio of the duck shed to the playground is 1:1-1.5; the playground is paved with bricks; water slope.

The playground yard is provided with a drinking device and a spray cleaning device, and the drinking device and the spray cleaning device are arranged in parallel with the breeding duck shed; the described spray cleaning device is arranged above the drinking device, and the drinking water device The device includes a drinking trough, a drainage ditch and a slatted floor. The drainage ditch is set on both sides of the drinking trough, and the slatted floor is set on the gutter; the drinking trough is made of PVC pipe with an outer diameter of 11-16cm , external cement support; lay a slatted floor on the drainage ditch for standing ducks drinking water; on the one hand, the slatted floor and the drainage ditch below are used to quickly drain away the dripping part of the breeding ducks drinking water and playing water, keeping the playground Drying; on the other hand, it is used to collect and drain away the water droplets sprayed by the duck flock spray cleaning device for cleaning the body of the breeding ducks.

The ceiling includes a support body and a heat insulation layer and an insulation layer built on the support body; the support body is preferably a triangular steel frame, the heat insulation layer is preferably a color steel tile, and the heat insulation layer is preferably It is 15cm foam plastic; it can make the breeding duck shed have good thermal insulation and heat insulation effect, and the duck shed is durable.

The top of the ceiling is provided with a non-powered turbine ventilator; it is beneficial to adjust the microclimate in the duck house.

The house wall is formed by connecting and surrounding the wall on the side near the playground and the other three walls; the wall on the side near the playground is made of a 1m-high cement hollow brick fence and the upper side is connected to the edge of the ceiling. The other three walls are made of cement hollow bricks, and the other three walls are provided with ventilation windows.

A duck trough is arranged on the fermentation bed.

The egg-laying box is arranged on the fermentation bed, and the egg-laying box is arranged next to the wall of the house away from the rolling film curtain.

The inflation pipe is a PPR water pipe;

The discrete bedding layer is dross or fungus residue.

Compared with the traditional water culture and the traditional fermentation bed dry culture mode, the feeding and management method of the Cherry Valley duck breeder duck in the fermentation bed has the following advantages:

First, the thin bedding fermentation bed structure and management method of the bottom aerated fermentation system are adopted. On the premise of using the fermentation bed to realize the in-situ degradation of breeding duck manure, the problem of hardening of the fermentation bedding material caused by duck biological characteristics is effectively overcome, and optimization The structure and management mode of the fermented mattress material improves the aerobic degradation ability of the fermented mattress material to duck feces, reduces the emission of odorous gases and greenhouse gases, and makes the breeding environment of meat ducks more hygienic and environmentally friendly; at the same time, thin The structure of the litter fermentation bed saves the input and management cost of the breeding duck fermentation bed. The input cost of the litter is reduced by more than 50%. The drastic reduction and the reduction in mechanical noise reduces the stress response of breeders.

Second, the ecological dry-raised sheds, sports grounds and its configuration facilities for meat ducks in Cherry Valley save the consumption of water pools and other facilities and water sources for breeding ducks. According to statistics, it saves more than 90% of water sources compared with traditional artificial water surface breeding. , thereby reducing the sewage discharge to the surrounding environment, making the breeding process more economical and environmentally friendly; using the duck group spray cleaning system outside the house to meet the biological learning of breeding ducks playing in water and cleaning feathers, adding chlorine dioxide disinfectant to make breeding ducks It is clean and hygienic, effectively reduces the disease incidence and death rate of breeding ducks, improves the production performance of breeding ducks, and improves breeding benefits.

The 3rd, this method has improved the fermented bedding material to the aerobic degradability of duck feces, can improve 15-30% of the stock capacity of breeding duck of same area pen house according to statistics, has improved the breeding capacity of unit duck house; Simultaneously, The spray cleaning system for ducks outside the house described in the method fundamentally solves the dependence of traditional breeding duck breeding on natural or artificial water bodies, and reduces the investment in the construction area of the farm.

Through experimental statistics, the breeding method carried out by using the breeding duck breeding house of the present invention improves the egg production rate by 4.59% compared with the traditional fermentation bed dry breeding mode, and improves the egg production rate by 1.48% compared with the traditional water culture mode; the difference in fertilization rate is not significant; The feed-to-egg ratio in the whole period is 3.68% lower than that of the traditional dry-raising mode, and 1.09% lower than the traditional water-raising mode. During the egg-laying period, the death rate of breeding ducks is 40.31% lower than that of the traditional fermented bed dry culture mode, and 29.96% lower than the traditional water culture mode; it can effectively improve the comprehensive efficiency of breeding by about 30%. This method has been promoted and used in many places such as Peixian County and Gaoyou. More than 800,000 ducks are raised annually, of which 400,000 ducks are raised in drought in Peixian County, accounting for 80% of the total local breeding. It basically solves the problem of environmental pollution and saves thousands of ducks. Ten thousand sewage treatment costs, remarkable social and ecological benefits, recognized and praised by local governments, enterprises and farmers.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the sectional structure schematic diagram of shed;

Fig. 3 is the sectional view of drinking device and spray cleaning device structure;

Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of inflatable pipeline device;

Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of an inflatable power device;

Among them: 1 kind of duck shed, 2 playground yard, 3 roof, 4 unpowered turbine ventilator, 5 roll film curtain, 6 fence, 7 inflatable power device, 8 inflatable pipeline device at the bottom of fermentation bed, 9 fermentation mattress layer, 10 Egg nest, 11 duck trough, 12 ventilation window, 21 spray cleaning device, 22 drinking trough, 23 drainage ditch, 24 slatted floor, 71 fan, 72 supervisor, 73 valve, 74 branch pipe, 81 nano aeration pipe, 82 Inflatable tube, 83 curing base plate, 84 air outlet, 85 triangular groove.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

Example 1

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, the present invention provides a kind of environment-friendly, hygienic and economical meat breeding duck fermentation bed breeding house, especially suitable for the raising of Cherry Valley meat duck, including the first, Cherry Valley meat duck ecology Dry-raised breeding duck shed 1, playground yard 2 and the structure and distribution of its configuration facilities; second, the spray cleaning device 21 for ducks outside the shed and its management method; third, the fermentation of cherry valley meat ducks with a bottom aeration fermentation system bed structure and daily management methods;

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, described Cherry Valley Meat Breeding Duck Ecological Drought Breeding Duck Shed 1, Playground Yard 2 and its Configuration Facilities Structure and Distribution:

Cherry Valley Meat Duck Shed 1 runs from east to west, facing south, with a length of 50-60m, a span of 10-12m, a roof height of 4.5m, and a eaves height of 2.4m, which optimizes the ventilation effect and provides sufficient exercise space for Cherry Valley meat ducks. , It is beneficial to the health of ducks; use color steel tiles and 15cm foam plastic as the ceiling 3, triangular steel frame as the support body, the heat preservation and heat insulation effect is good, and the duck house is more durable; the roof 3 of the duck house is installed with a non-powered turbine ventilator 4 , which is conducive to adjusting the microclimate in the duck house; the north side wall of the duck house is made of cement hollow bricks, and the wall is set with push-pull ventilation windows 12 at intervals of 1m and 1m from the ground; the south side of the duck house is made of cement hollow bricks to form a 1m-high fence 6. There is a roll film curtain 5 on the south side of the duck house. The interior of the duck house is divided into 3 columns by bricks, which is beneficial to the observation and recording of duck production data, feeding management and disease isolation, etc., so that the ducks can grow evenly; the fermentation bed is laid in the duck house, and the thickness of the fermentation mattress material is 35-40cm. Egg-laying boxes 10 are arranged on the fermentation bed at the north side wall of the duck house, and duck feeding troughs 11 are evenly arranged in the middle of the duck house. The playground yard 2 is open-air, connected with the fence 6 on the south side of the duck house. The area ratio of the playground yard 2 and the duck breeding shed 1 is 1-1.5:1; the playground yard 2 is paved with bricks, and the ground of the playground yard 2 is arranged from north to south 1-3% backwater slope, some green trees are planted in the middle of the sports field for shading in summer; 23 width 30-40cm, drainage ditch 23 bottoms are provided with 0.5-1% return water slope in the middle of playground yard 2 to both sides, lay slatted floor 24 on drainage ditch 23 and are used to stand for drinking water breeding ducks, width 40-60cm; Drinking water tank 22 just above 0.8-1m place along the direction of drinking water tank is provided with duck flock spray cleaning device 21 outside the house. The slatted floor 24 and the lower drainage ditch 23 are used on the one hand to quickly drain away the dripping part of the breeding ducks for drinking and playing, so as to keep the playground yard 2 dry; The water droplets from cleaning the duck body are collected and drained away.

The drinking tank 22 is made of PVC pipe with an outer diameter of 11-16 cm, supported by cement outside.

The duck group spray cleaning device 21 outside the house is composed of a time control switch, a dosing device, a water pump, a water pipe, and an atomizing nozzle: the dosing device is externally connected to the running water pipe of the duck house, and the chlorine dioxide can be automatically concentrated when the water in the water pipe flows. The liquid is added to the spray water in a certain proportion. One end of the pressurized water pump is a dosing device, and the other end is connected to the water pipe. The spray line of the water pipe is equipped with atomizing nozzles every 1-1.5m. The time control switch adopts the KG316T microcomputer time control switch produced by Zhejiang Aideli Electric Co., Ltd., and the time control switch is directly connected to the power supply to control the switching time of the daily water pump power supply; the pressurized water pump used is a commercially available pressure pump for car washing , working pressure 1-6MPa. The water pipe adopts a commercially available PVC4-7 capillary pipe (inner diameter 4mm, outer diameter 7mm), and the atomizing nozzle adopts a commercially available three-way adjustable and closed atomizing nozzle. The nozzle flow rate and atomization effect can be adjusted, and the water mist particles are fine ≤ 70 microns, flow rate 0-7L/h, spray range diameter about 80cm, the nozzle is detachable for easy cleaning.

The duck group spray cleaning device 21 outside the house works like this:

According to the characteristics of duck flock activities and seasonal characteristics during the day, the breeding ducks are sprayed with water mist containing chlorine dioxide (chlorine dioxide concentration in the spray water is 5-20ppm) while drinking water; by adjusting the time control switch, set the daily pressurization The water pump works 3-5 times (generally 4-5 times in high temperature weather in summer, 3 times in spring and autumn), and the spraying time is 10-20 minutes each time; according to the cleaning situation of the breeding ducks and the temperature, each nozzle is controlled by adjusting the atomizing nozzle The flow rate is 3-5L/h. Generally, when the body surface of the breeding duck is dirty, the recent death rate is high or the temperature is high, the flow rate of the nozzle is increased.

The spray cleaning device 21 for ducks outside the house sprays mainly in spring, summer and autumn, and does not spray in cold weather in winter. Generally, the climate is mild and the weather is sprayed 3 times a day, respectively when the breeding ducks are released in the morning, 1-2 o'clock in the afternoon, and 1 hour before the breeding ducks return to the duck house in the afternoon. The specific operation is: first, after the breeding ducks are put into the playground in the morning, the duck group spray cleaning system outside the house is turned on for the first spray of the whole day. Defecation and high-density contact with each other and breeding ducks mating lead to serious pollution of duck body and feathers in the morning, so spraying at this time has the best cleaning effect on breeding ducks, and at the same time reduces the pollution of drinking water caused by breeding ducks playing in water; second, in the afternoon The second spraying is provided at 1-2 o'clock. At this time, the breeding ducks are dirty after activities, contact and defecation on the playground in the morning, and the temperature is high at this time. The spraying can effectively clean the ducks and reduce the high-yield breeding ducks. Third, 1 hour before the breeding ducks return to the duck house in the afternoon, due to the accumulation of duck manure in the sports field, the breeding ducks have the largest amount of manure contact at this time. Cause epidemic disease infection, at this time the spray can effectively clean the duck body and effectively avoid the spread of duck disease. On this basis, when the temperature is high, it is appropriate to add 1-2 sprays during the high temperature period every day to cool down the breeding ducks.

The advantages of the spray cleaning device 21 for ducks outside the house are as follows: First, it meets the biological learning ability of Cherry Valley meat breed ducks to clean the duck body and feathers by playing with water, and at the same time suppresses the frequency of breed ducks playing with water in the drinking trough, reducing the Pollution and waste of drinking water by breeding ducks; second, due to the addition of chlorine dioxide in the spray water, it can disinfect the surface of breeding ducks, effectively reducing the incidence of disease and death rate of meat ducks in Cherry Valley. According to statistics, the duck breeding method in the fermentation bed with the outdoor spray cleaning system is 40.3% lower than the dry breeding method of the duck breeding in the fermentation bed without the outdoor spray cleaning system; Compared with the feeding method of Cherry Valley meat ducks in the circulating pool, the water cost is greatly reduced: Taking summer as an example, the daily water consumption of a duck house in the improved artificial circulating pool Cherry Valley meat duck breeding method is about 4.5 tons, while the duck group The spray cleaning system is started 5 times a day, 15-20 minutes each time, (50 nozzles*4L*1.5h) the water consumption of a duck house is about 300kg, saving more than 90% of water than the former; The breeder duck spray also has the function of cooling down. At the same time, due to the slatted floor and the gutters below, the excess water is quickly discharged, which keeps the sports field dry and reduces the incidence of heat stress for the breeder ducks in Cherry Valley.

As shown in Fig. 1, the structure of the fermentation bed of Cherry Valley Meat Breeding Duck with a bottom aerated fermentation system includes: a discrete bedding layer of 20 cm on the surface, a 15-20 cm straw layer on the lower layer, and an aerated fermentation system at the bottom of the bottom fermentation bed.

The aerated fermentation system includes an aerated power device 7 and an aerated pipeline device 8 connected thereto under the cushion.

As shown in FIG. 4 , the inflatable pipeline device 8 includes a nano aeration tube 81 , an inflatable tube 82 and an inflatable tube curing base plate 83 ; the inflatable tube is a PPR water pipe.

As shown in Figure 5, the described pneumatic power unit 7 includes a fan 71, a main pipe 72, a valve 73 and a branch pipe 74; the described fan 71 is a Roots blower; the described main pipe 72 is a steel braided hose; Branch pipe 74 is a steel braided flexible pipe.

The Roots blower adopts the HRE50L Roots blower (rated power 1.5kw, rated voltage 220/380v, maximum air volume 180m ³ /h, maximum air pressure 30kpa, noise ≤ 60db) produced by Zhejiang Zhenglin Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd., one The Roots motor of this specification can inflate the bottom of the fermentation bed for breeding ducks of the specifications described in the present invention with an area of 4000-8000 square meters, so as to effectively promote the fermentation of litter.

The steel braided hose adopts a commercially available steel wire reinforced rubber outer coating hose with an inner diameter of 6.4mm (working pressure 25Mpa, burst pressure 100Mpa); the nano aeration tube adopts Baichuan brand produced by Jiangyin Baichuan Aeration Equipment Co., Ltd. Antibacterial microporous aeration tube (outer diameter of aeration tube: the inside diameter of: Micropore average pore size: Microhole layout density: 700~1200/m).

The structure of the aerated fermentation system at the bottom of the fermentation bed includes a main line and a branch line. The structure of the main line includes a Roots motor and a steel braided hose connected to it. There are branches on the steel braided hose to transport the airflow generated by the Roots motor to each building. Each branch is provided with a valve 73 to control the switch of the aeration and fermentation airflow of each duck house; the steel braided hose reaching the outside of each duck house extends along the north side of the duck house, and branches are laid every 1-2 meters. At the bottom of the duck house fermentation mattress material pool, these branches constitute the branch line of the aerated fermentation device at the bottom of the fermentation bed. The branch line is introduced into the bottom of the duck house fermentation mattress material pool through steel braided hoses, and 10-15cm nano aeration tubes are installed every 30-50cm. The diameter of the outer surface of the nano-aeration pipe is 1 inch PPR water pipe, and the two ends of the water pipe are sealed and fixed by paraffin wax. The outer surface of the water pipe is horizontally on both sides and obliquely below the two sides, and the air outlet 84 with a diameter of 0.2 cm is opened at an interval of 0.5-1 cm for the lower layer of the fermentation bed. The padding is inflated.

Inflation pipeline solidification foundation plate 83: The ground at the bottom of the fermentation bed pad material tank is laid at the branch line of the aerated fermentation system at the bottom of the fermentation bed, and the ground at the position of the branch line of the aerated fermentation system at the bottom of the fermentation bed needs to be compacted in advance, and a cement board with a triangular groove 85 is laid for placing and fixing the aerated fermentation at the bottom of the fermentation bed Device branch.

Before laying the fermented mattress layer 9, the steel braided hose pipeline with the installed nano-aeration pipe 81 and the outer PPR water pipe is laid on the bottom of the fermented mattress material pool according to the interval of 1-2m.

The advantages of the cherry valley duck breeding bed structure with bottom aerated fermentation system are as follows: First, the pipeline laying is simple, durable and low cost: due to the use of steel braided hose as the main pipeline material, the steel braided hose is resistant to pressure, Good flexibility, bendable, acid and alkali resistance, high temperature resistance, low temperature and other characteristics, no matter it is laid on the surface or the bottom of the fermentation mattress material, it is not easy to damage, and the cost is very low; at the same time, because it is directly inflated to the bottom of the fermentation bed, no need The mechanical raking operation of the bottom bedding, so there is no need to purchase large-scale raking machines such as high-power turning and throwing machines, which reduces the consumption of raking machines and energy costs. Second, improve the breeding environment and be more environmentally friendly: Bottom aerated fermentation promotes the anaerobic environment at the bottom of the fermentation bed into an aerobic environment, and suppresses the production of malodorous gases such as NH ₃ and H ₂ S and greenhouse gases such as CH ₄ and N ₂ O. The breeding and ecological environment have been improved, and the incidence of breeding duck disease has been reduced. Thirdly, the intensive breeding density of Cherry Valley meat ducks has been further increased, and the aerated fermentation system at the bottom also promotes the aerobic degradation of duck manure within 20 cm of the surface layer, thereby increasing the carrying capacity of the fermentation bed per unit area and increasing the number of ducks in the same area. The number of breeding ducks in the house. Fourth, increasing the opening frequency of the aerated fermentation system in winter can effectively increase the temperature inside the litter, provide a warm living environment for Cherry Valley meat ducks, and avoid low temperature stress. Fifth, the bottom aerated fermentation system is used to aerate and ferment the bedding with starter starter and sugar water, which can quickly increase the temperature of the bedding and effectively kill the pathogenic microorganisms and parasite eggs remaining in the fermented bedding.

Laying structure and management method of cherry valley meat duck fermentation bed:

The fermented bedding material for breeding ducks has a thickness of about 35-40 cm. The laying structure and treatment method of fermentation mattress materials are as follows: the lower 20cm uses complete corn stalks or rice straws, and the straws are laid at 90° every 5cm in thickness. For starter, keep the humidity of the lower layer of straw bedding layer at 35-45%; the upper layer is laid with discrete distiller’s grains, fungus chaff and other bedding materials. During the laying process, spray and inoculate the fermentation bed into the bedding material to start the starter, and keep the upper layer of straw bedding layer The humidity is about 45%, and then the film is fermented. The fermentation time is 7 days in winter and 14 days in summer. During this period, the aerated fermentation system at the bottom of the fermentation bed is opened every day to inflate the bottom bedding for 0.5-1 hour, so as to promote the overall quality of the fermented bedding that has just been laid. The temperature rises rapidly to 55-60°C to complete the start-up fermentation.

The daily management method of fermented mattress material for breeding ducks:

Since the webbed structure of duck claws can easily lead to hardening of the surface of the fermentation bed, resulting in poor air permeability of the bedding, the 15-20 cm of bedding on the surface of the fermentation bed of the breeding duck house is regularly raked, and the straw layer at the bottom of the fermentation bed also needs Oxygenation is supplemented regularly to promote aerobic fermentation, accelerate the zymolysis of duck feces by fermented bedding materials as a whole, and inhibit the production of reducing odorous gases (NH ₃ , H ₂ S, etc.). Specifically: According to the degree of compaction of the surface bedding, the surface bedding should be raked every 3-5 days. In the morning, after all the ducks go out from the duck house to the duck sports field, use the isolation fence to isolate the ducks outside the duck house to prevent individual ducks from running back to the duck house; Start the rake turner at a corner of the far duck house, and keep the rake turner idle for 1-2 minutes after starting the turner each time, and observe the status of the breeding ducks. When the ducks show no obvious avoidance of noise, convulsions and other stress After the reaction, run the raking machine to rake and crush the surface layer of the fermentation bed in the breeding duck house. The depth of the rake is 17.5-20cm; Go forward and spray evenly into the house to quickly remove the dust generated by turning and raking the litter in the breeding duck house. At the same time, open the aerated fermentation system at the bottom of the fermentation bed to inflate the litter at the bottom of the fermentation bed with oxygen to promote aerobic fermentation and aerated fermentation The time is controlled at 0.5-1 hour according to the humidity of the litter. When the humidity is high, the inflation time is long, and when the humidity is low, the inflation time is shortened; after the dust in the breeding duck house is removed, the isolation fence is removed to allow the breeding ducks to freely enter the duck house. When using a centrifugal humidifier to spray dust, you can add 5-10ppm chlorine dioxide to the water tank of the centrifugal humidifier as needed to disinfect the pens, and you can also add fermentation bed fermentation bacteria to the water tank to supplement the litter beneficial bacteria to promote the beneficial fermentation of the fermentation bed. The fermented bed fermented bacterial agent adopts type II fermented bed fermented bacterial agent developed by the Animal Husbandry Research Institute of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Bottom aerated fermentation system for the management of the bottom layer of the fermentation bed:

In addition to aerating and fermenting the bottom litter when the surface litter is turned and raked, it also includes the management of the bottom litter in the following situations: first, daily aerated fermentation, once every 2-3 days in the early stage of egg laying of cherry valley meat ducks , 20-30 minutes each time, Cherry Valley meat ducks are eliminated from the laying period, once every 1-2 days, 30 minutes each time, generally during the day when the ducks are in the playground for aerated fermentation; second, in winter low temperature weather, in order to improve For the temperature of the duck house on the fermentation bed, start the aerated fermentation system at the bottom of the fermentation bed at 8-10 p.m. for 30-50 minutes each time, which can generally increase the temperature of the belly litter of the breeding duck by 3-5°C; When restarting the fermentation of the fermented bedding material, aerated and fermented the bedding material added with starter starter and sugar can quickly increase the temperature of the bedding material, and can effectively kill the remaining pathogenic microorganisms and parasite eggs in the fermented bedding material. Specifically, the litter is first raked as a whole, with a depth of 30-35cm, and then the type I fermentation bed starter fermentation agent and sugar water developed by the Animal Husbandry Research Institute of the Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences are added, and the amount of the fermentation bed agent is 1kg. /500-600㎡, the amount of sugar added is 5-10kg/100㎡, adjust the humidity of the litter to 40-50%, at this time, the surface of the fermentation bed is covered with coverings such as film or straw curtains, and the aerated fermentation system at the bottom of the fermentation bed is started, 3 days a day Once, each time for 30-50 minutes, after 3-5 days, the overall average temperature of the litter material rises to about 50°C, and the local temperature exceeds 60°C. Remove the surface covering, and the average temperature continues to rise by about 5°C. Harmful pathogenic microorganisms and parasite eggs in the feed are basically killed. At this time, the above-mentioned aerated fermentation operation is stopped, and the fermented mattress material is restarted to complete the fermentation. After another 7-10 days, ducklings can be introduced to raise.

The rake turning machine adopts the YYS-101 self-propelled rotary cultivator produced by Yiwu Yuanyou Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd., adopts a 6.5-hp gasoline engine, and has a plowing depth of 175-350mm.

The centrifugal humidifier adopts the SC-LX-YD centrifugal humidifier produced by Shanghai Beiling Electric Co., Ltd., with a rated voltage of 220V, a maximum ventilation volume of 6000m ³ , and a maximum spray volume of 50kg/h.

The advantages of the laying structure and management method of the Cherry Valley Meat Breeding Duck Fermentation Bed are as follows: First, it reduces the cost input of the fermentation bed material. Generally, the thickness of the bedding material for fermentation bed culture is 50-80 cm, and wood chips and rice are mostly used. Shells and other litter materials with relatively high cost, the thickness of the litter used in the present invention is only 35-40cm, and the lower layer of litter is corn or rice straw that can be easily obtained in the vast rural areas, and the surface layer is also dross and Agricultural waste such as fungus slag, thus greatly reducing the cost of litter for breeding ducks in Cherry Valley Fermentation Bed; second, the use of surface raking machinery has low horsepower and low noise, which has little stress on breeding ducks and does not affect Production performance of breeding ducks: Since the total thickness of the fermented bedding materials used in the duck house is less than 40cm, and the thickness of the discrete bedding materials on the surface is only 20cm, the rotary cultivator used uses a 6.5-hp gasoline engine, and the noise is much smaller than that of traditional diesel rotary cultivators. At the same time, since the depth of raking litter only needs 15-20cm, the power demand for rake turning is not large. Generally, 1/3-1/2 power output can be guaranteed to complete the rake turning of surface litter. Drive out of the house, so it will basically not affect the breeding ducks.

Compared with the traditional water culture and the traditional fermentation bed dry culture mode, the feeding and management method of the Cherry Valley duck breeder duck in the fermentation bed has the following advantages:

First, the thin bedding fermentation bed structure and management method of the bottom aerated fermentation system are adopted. On the premise of using the fermentation bed to realize the in-situ degradation of breeding duck manure, the problem of hardening of the fermentation bedding material caused by duck biological characteristics is effectively overcome, and optimization The structure and management mode of the fermented mattress material improves the aerobic degradation ability of the fermented mattress material to duck feces, reduces the emission of odorous gases and greenhouse gases, and makes the breeding environment of meat ducks more hygienic and environmentally friendly; at the same time, thin The structure of the litter fermentation bed saves the input and management cost of the breeding duck fermentation bed. The input cost of the litter is reduced by more than 50%. The drastic reduction and the reduction in mechanical noise reduces the stress response of breeders.

Second, the ecological dry-raised sheds, sports grounds and its configuration facilities for meat ducks in Cherry Valley save the consumption of water pools and other facilities and water sources for breeding ducks. According to statistics, it saves more than 90% of water sources compared with traditional artificial water surface breeding. Thereby reducing the sewage discharge to the surrounding environment, making the breeding process more economical and environmentally friendly; using the duck group spray cleaning system outside the house to meet the biological learning of ducks playing in water and cleaning feathers, and the addition of chlorine dioxide disinfectant makes the breeding ducks clean Hygienic, effectively reducing the disease incidence and death rate of breeding ducks, improving the production performance of breeding ducks, and improving breeding benefits.

The 3rd, this method has improved the fermented bedding material to the aerobic degradability of duck feces, can improve 15-30% of the stock capacity of breeding duck of same area pen house according to statistics, has improved the breeding capacity of unit duck house; Simultaneously, The spray cleaning system for ducks outside the house described in the method fundamentally solves the dependence of traditional breeding duck breeding on natural or artificial water bodies, and reduces the investment in the construction area of the farm.

According to the experimental statistics, this feeding method increases the egg production rate by 4.59% compared with the traditional fermented bed dry-raising mode, and increases the egg production rate by 1.48% compared with the traditional water-raising mode; the difference in fertilization rate is not significant; Reduced by 3.68%, 1.09% lower than the feed-to-egg ratio of the traditional water culture mode. During the egg-laying period, the death rate of breeding ducks is 40.31% lower than that of the traditional fermented bed dry culture mode, and 29.96% lower than the traditional water culture mode; it can effectively improve the comprehensive efficiency of breeding by about 30%. This method has been promoted and used in many places such as Peixian County and Gaoyou. More than 800,000 ducks are raised annually, of which 400,000 ducks are raised in drought in Peixian County, accounting for 80% of the total local breeding. It basically solves the problem of environmental pollution and saves thousands of ducks. Ten thousand sewage treatment costs, remarkable social and ecological benefits, recognized and praised by local governments, enterprises and farmers.

The above-mentioned embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, Simplifications should be equivalent replacement methods, and all are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. an environment-friendly, hygienic and economical meat breeding duck fermentation bed breeding house is characterized in that it comprises a kind of duck shed and a playground yard, and the described kind of duck shed is connected with the playground yard; the described kind of duck shed is It includes a house wall, a ceiling and a bottom aerated fermentation bed, the ceiling is set on the house wall, and the bottom aerated fermentation bed is laid on the ground surrounded by the house wall; the bottom aerated fermentation bed includes a fermentation mattress layer and An aerated fermentation system below the fermentation mattress layer; the fermented mattress layer includes a discrete bedding layer of 20 cm on the surface and a 15-20 cm straw layer on the lower layer; the aerated fermentation system includes an inflatable power unit and its connected mat Under-floor inflatable piping installations; The aeration pipeline device includes a nano aeration tube, an aeration tube and an aeration tube solidification base plate; the nano aeration tube is arranged in the aeration tube, and an air outlet is arranged on the aeration tube, and the solidification base plate There is a triangular groove on the top, the said inflatable tube is arranged on the triangular groove, the said nano aeration tube is connected with the inflatable power device, and the air is provided by the inflatable power device; The spacing is laid on the bottom of the fermented mattress material; The inflatable power device includes a fan, a main pipe, a valve and a branch pipe; the fan is connected to the main pipe, the main pipe is connected to a number of branch pipes, the branch pipes are provided with valves, and the branch pipes are connected to the nano aeration pipes. connected; The blower fan is a Roots blower; The said main pipe is steel braided hose; The branch pipes are steel braided hoses; The area ratio of the duck breeding shed to the playground is 1:1-1.5; The playground yard is paved with bricks; the playground yard is provided with a 1-3% water return slope from one side of the duck shed to the outside; The playground yard is provided with a drinking device and a spray cleaning device, and the drinking device and the spray cleaning device are arranged in parallel with the breeding duck shed; the described spray cleaning device is arranged above the drinking device, and the drinking water device The device includes a drinking trough, a drainage ditch and a slatted floor. The drainage ditch is set on both sides of the drinking trough, and the slatted floor is set on the gutter; the drinking trough is made of PVC pipe with an outer diameter of 11-16cm , external cement support; The ceiling includes a support body and a heat insulation layer and an insulation layer built on the support body; the support body is a triangular steel frame, the heat insulation layer is a color steel tile, and the heat insulation layer is a 15cm foam plastic ; The top of the ceiling is provided with an unpowered turbine ventilator; The house wall is formed by connecting and surrounding the wall on the side near the playground and the other three walls; the wall on the side near the playground is made of a 1m-high cement hollow brick fence and the upper side is connected to the edge of the ceiling. The other three walls are made of cement hollow bricks, and the other three walls are provided with ventilation windows; A duck trough is arranged on the fermentation bed; The egg-laying box is arranged on the fermentation bed, and the egg-laying box is arranged next to the house wall far away from the rolling film curtain; The inflatable pipe is a PPR water pipe; the discrete bedding layer is dross or fungus residue.