Original ecological pig farm and original ecological pig breeding method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cattle breeding field, be specifically related to a kind of original ecological pig farm and original ecological pig breeding method.
Background technology
China is the big country of raising pigs, and also is pork consumption big country.China pigs in stock account for the half the of the total breeding stock in the world, and pork output accounts for 46.7% of world's pork total amount, and feeding live pig amount, pork output occupy the first in the world.Chinese and a lot of national major part in the world all are to be main carnivorous source with pork; Show according to the United Nations's statistics in 2004; China per capita pork year consumption be 36kg; Along with the increase of Chinese population quantity and the raising of people's living standard, year consumption per capita of pork and the total amount of raising pigs will have bigger increase.Along with the raising greatly of living standard, people increase the demand of pork day by day, and are also increasingly high to the requirement of carnivorous quality.Current, though the pork of supplying with on the market is many, quality has descended, and the fragrance that shows as meat is not dense, and residue of pesticide, metal residual, antibiotic and hormone residues have exceeded standard greatly.People not only experience the deliciousness less than meat flavour when eating pork, also can people's health be worked the mischief on the contrary.
And for raising pigs the owner, the risk of raising pigs is also increasing, and the input cost of feed, breeding facility is increasingly high, and the benefit that causes raising pigs glides, and the outburst of extensive eqpidemic disease might cause can't regain one's original capital especially.Though along with development of science and technology; It is increasing to be used to treat livestock and poultry drug kinds and methods of treatment; But it is fully up to expectations that its result of treatment always is difficult to, and especially such as the eqpidemic disease of " the nameless high-fever disease " broken out again and again in recent years a type, the owners that raise pigs felt simply helpless.
The Three Difficult Issues that present China raises pigs and faces: quality safety, benefit improve, environmental improvement; Perhaps by its medicament residue that shows, energy shortage, feed shortage, environmental pollution etc., these factors have become the bottleneck that restriction China pig industry further develops.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides a kind of original ecological pig farm of building according to the wild habit of pig, and discloses a kind of method for culturing pigs that carries out ecosystem according to the physiological law of pig.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is:
Build a kind of original ecological pig farm, it comprises a house of certain row's number, and each She Qu is separated with the unit colony house of some, said ecosystem pig farm:
1. the distance between before and after the house is at least 15m; Every row house Chaoyang one side is provided with the space for activities that pig can freely be come in and gone out; Plant on this space for activities and be implanted with commodity trees; The shady hiding rare of its woods in summer is 50~70%, and according to changes of seasons, one or more between forest in the blue or green standing grain of plantation, green vegetables, the green grass;
2. a house roughly along east-west layout, makes to have 2 hours solar radiation time in the unit colony house in the winter time at least;
3. a forward and backward wall of house stays the ventilating opening area of establishing to account for more than 80% of forward and backward wall area respectively, so that no air trapping zone in the colony house;
4. be provided with in the unit colony house and can keep the stable zone that dosses of pig abdomen temperature;
5. be provided with defecate district and defecation secret tunnel in the unit colony house, and be provided with produced in internal-suction type exhaust device pump drainage defecate district and the collecting dung passage filthy gas and peculiar smell, prevent that it from spreading in the unit colony house;
6. every row in the shade side of house or be provided with away from a side of a house in the space for activities and supply the shower place of pig in the cooling on hot summer days;
7. be provided with automatic supply drinking-water system in the house, supply with the drinking-water temperature and be not less than 5 ℃;
8. be provided with collecting dung and decontamination of human excreta treatment system in the field;
9. be provided with in the field and avoid rainwater, liquid dung to hand over the storm-water system that mixes;
10. do not establish around and go along with sb. to guard him facility, or the facility of going along with sb. to guard him of not blocks air circulation is set, so that the inside and outside circulation of air in pig farm is smooth and easy.
Plantation vine or walnut on said space for activities, the vacant lot under the fruit tree can be by alternately planting barley seedling, green vegetables season.
Outside full-open type windowpane is installed in ventilation and penetrating light zone at said forward and backward wall.
Ground in the said unit colony house is by reaching northern lifting in the south.
Said internal-suction type exhaust device is for surpassing the exhausting chimney of colony house roof height, and this exhausting chimney is communicated to fecaluria through underground air duct and drains the zone.
The said below, zone that dosses is embedded with the water temperature pipe network.
In said space for activities, be provided with the facility that supplies pig only to move, play, and every at a distance from two to three weeks, this type of facility conversion one upper/lower positions, said space for activities can be the timber of band chain or old tire.
Said iron bar that facility is a certain altitude or the ditch of going along with sb. to guard him of going along with sb. to guard him for having the certain width and the degree of depth.
A kind of original ecological pig breeding method is the raising farm with above-mentioned original ecological pig farm, and piglet is fattened in 5~15 of the interior inputs of each unit colony house or a sow is raised:
1. according to the wild habit of pig, it can freely be come in and gone out and its corresponding space for activities of colony house, unit, place, freely gnaw young crops or green grass; The shower place cooling of taking a shower of can freely coming in and going out on hot summer days;
2. feed and do not contain the mixed feed of antibiotic, hormone medicine;
3. supply with the drinking-water temperature and be not less than 5 ℃;
4. press immune programme for children virus inoculation class vaccine, generally inoculated bacteria class vaccine not.
This method general tens pigs in the past concentrate on the conventional method of a less space stable breeding, change into according to the nature habit of pig and put in a suitable place to breed.
Said mixed feed is formulated by 1: 1.5~3: 0~1.5 weight ratio by concentrated feed, corn grits, wheat bran, and said concentrated feed contains the raw material of following weight parts: copper sulphate 0~0.7, ferrous sulfate 0~0.5, manganese sulphate 0.01~0.05, zinc sulphate 1~4, magnesium sulfate 0.5~1.5, sodium selenite 0.06~0.17, salt compounded of iodine 14~20, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 35~88, calcium carbonate 10~68, medical stone 10~25, zeolite powder 10~24, sweetener 3~5, phytase 0~1, complex enzyme 0~5, B B-complex 0~1, probiotic 0~1.5, betain 1~3.5, threonine 0.5~1.8, methionine 1~3.5, lysine 1.5~7, animal oil 12~15, fish meal 0~200, dregs of beans 450~800, albumen material 50~200.
The present invention has actively useful effect:
1. the topology layout of original ecological pig farm can make no air trapping dead angle in the house, and it is unobstructed to take a breath, and does not have dirty gas and is detained, and is with fresh air in the colony house.
2. according to the nature habit of pig, provide free choice feeding, dig earth with the snout to pig inside, the place of bathe in the sunshine and move, playing.
3. original ecological pig farm construction cost is low, and the operation maintenance expense is low.Its construction cost reduces by 1/5th with comparing with the scale modernization.
4. pig raising method of the present invention makes pig only recover natural habit according to physical development, life moral character and the growth rhythm of live pig, and pig only stress be lacked; Can search for food naturally again, also can bathe in the sunshine freely, obviously strengthen the resistance against diseases of pig; And the colony house internal and external environment is clean and tidy, and circulation of air is smooth and easy, is as good as stink; Pathogenic microorganism is few, and the incidence of disease reduces.Particularly the more traditional confinement rearing of respiratory disease and disease of digestive tract declines to a great extent.Can not only solve the poisonous and harmful substance residue problem in the pork, the look that can also solve pork is light, the problem of flavor difference, makes pork tenderer, more fragrant, more flavoursome.
5. the present invention can reduce the production cost of breed, improves the competitiveness in market; The favor green quality that the pork product of producing is had receive the consumer deeply, broad market prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of original ecological pig farm integral layout sketch map;
Fig. 2 is the topology layout sketch map of a house in the original ecological pig farm among Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the topology layout figure of colony house unit among Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the colony house cross-sectional view of A-A position among Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the colony house cross-sectional view of B-B position among Fig. 3.
1 is a house among the figure, and 2 is the space for activities, and 3 for safeguarding ditch, and 4 is data feedback channel, and 5 is down going channel, and 6 is road around the field; 7 are the mouth of marching into the arena, and 8 is the living area, and 9 is the warehouse, and 10 are road outside the venue, and 11 appear on the scene mouthful, and 12 are the shower pond; 13 is walkway in the house, and 14 support gable, and 15 are the defecation secret tunnel, and 16 is biogas generating pit, and 17 is southern side T font support column, and 18 is that vertical district is at a distance from iron bar; 19 is zone line T font support column in the house, and 20 is the exhausting chimney, and 21 is the separated iron bar of transverse region, and 22 is back wall in-line brace post, and 23 are the zone that dosses, and 24 is the ground temperature pipe network; 25 is flase floor, and 26 is the pig Vomitory, and 27 is portable plate, and 28 is the color steel in roof watt, and 29 is supporting traverse; 30 is cement flooring in the unit colony house, and 31 is subsequent use fluid infusion tower, and 32 is the large size tap, and 33 is small size tap, and 34 is main water distribution pipe.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is further described, but be not limited to the following example.
1 one kinds of original ecological pig farms of embodiment, referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, addressing is apart from the village or population aggravation district (more than the 100m) far away, physical features is more smooth, does not have low-lying pools zone, subterranean water level dark (>=3m).
Be provided with ten rows house 1 (every Outside Dimensions 5 * 45.74m) in this original ecological pig farm; House 1 is roughly along east-west layout, and spacing between row and row is not less than 15m (specifically decide according to landform), and a house 1 is the frame-type of integral body; The thing both sides are built the support gable 14 that forms by laying bricks or stones for the hollow brick body; Zone line and southern side are T font structural support posts 19,17, and length is 0.6m in length and breadth, the rib of 7 Φ 12mm of interior cloth; North side in-line post 22 wide 0.6~1m, and build roof beams 29 with armored concrete, the roof is laid with the color steel of insulation watts 28,15~20 ° of the gradients, and front and back go out eaves 30cm.Each row's house with iron bar 18,21 be divided into 13 unit colony houses (unit colony house area 3.5 * 3.5m), wherein 1 be between storing, two are that sow gives up, and fatten house for piglet for ten.
House zone between row and row is as the free space for activities 2 of pig in the original ecological pig farm; Can plant grape in this zone (plants as hard is Eurasian; (big grain shell does not press from both sides the flesh kind for plantation line space 3.5 * 1.5m) or walnut; The commodity trees of plantation line space 3.5 * 7m) and so on make the shady hiding rare of the woods of forest during summer reach 60~70%.Forest is provided with height 0.7m iron wire filter or iron bar with the width of unit colony house in the ranks, so that pig is free movable and do not go here and there circle.In the space for activities, can also be provided with and supply band chain that pig only moves, plays or the timber facility (not drawing among the figure) of old tire, and every at a distance from two to three weeks, this type of facility conversion one upper/lower positions.
Utilize the sun altitude principle, the construction pig house of suiting measures to local conditions, said frame formula layout structure can make has 2 hours solar radiation time in the winter time at least in each unit colony house.
The wide 2.9m of the ventilation and penetrating light of each unit colony house, outside full-open type windowpane is installed in the ventilation and penetrating light zone of forward and backward wall.Close the full-open type windowpane winter, and whole pig house becomes a warming greenhouse, and in summer, owing to almost all open wide window, formed the effect of similar wayside pavilion such as the wind of sweeping the floor, draught, and it is very nice and cool that pig only feels.
Lean on north one side that the east-west walkway of wide 1.2m 13 is set in the house, the high south, 30 north, ground in the colony house is low, gradient 0.1m, and ground 30 is laid by plain concrete, about thick 10cm.
East-west ground temperature pipe network 24 is buried on ground for 30 times underground in the house; This ground temperature pipe network 24 is made up of 7 common water pipes of Φ 2cm that are arranged in parallel; (the phreatic water below the 20m of warm water source under its water inlet ground connection; 15~20 ℃ of water temperatures), the total return pipe of water outlet termination returns and drains into underground (about backwater well depth 10m) or introduce Irrigation Ditch in order to irrigate.Ground, ground temperature pipe network 24 region is as the zone 23 that dosses of pig, and can heat winter, can be used to cooling summer, makes a pig abdomen temperature-sensitive degree that good improvement arranged in throughout the year, keeps the body temperature balance substantially.
Lean on southern wall one side that defecation secret tunnel 15 is set in the colony house, the wide 0.6m of coprodaeum, the dark 1m of initiating terminal, the dark 2.5m in terminal, the terminal is communicated to corresponding biogas generating pit 16.1~2 flase floor 25 and 27 1 of portable plates are laid in the interior defecation of each unit colony house secret tunnel 15 tops, drain the zone as the fecaluria of pig, and portable plate 27 (long 0.2m) is set, and can easily ight soil be cleaned to the secret tunnel 15 of discharging feces.
(the T shape support column over against the southern side) is provided with corresponding exhausting chimney 20 outside the colony house of draining the zone near the fecaluria of pig, its diameter 0.6~0.8m, high 3.5~4m (it highly generally will surpass the height on colony house roof).Exhausting chimney 20 is communicated to fecaluria through underground air duct and drains the zone, but utilizes the air pressure difference pump drainage to go out dirty gas or peculiar smell in the colony house, and need not bear the additional energy consumption cost.
The shower pond 12 of the groove of wide 2m, dark 0.5m as pig established in house north side apart from wall 1m place, the one of which end is provided with water inlet, and the other end is provided with the discharge outlet of connection drain outlet.Changed a Chi Shui in per 5~7 days, maintenance Chi Shui's is fresh.
Establishing automatic supply drinking-water system in the house, constitute by supplying with water source, water distribution pipe 34 and tap, supply with 15~20 ℃ of water temperatures, can be the phreatic water below the 20m, also can be supplied water by solar water heater.High-order (overhead 60cm) is provided with large size tap 32, supplies the above big pig of 60kg to use; Low level (overhead 25cm) is provided with small size tap 33, supplies the piggy below the 60kg to use.
Establish a subsequent use soup mixing column 31 in addition at the automatic feed system water inlet of drinking-water interface, be communicated to drinking-water system water inlet interface, when needs are the pig supply of chemical through drinking-water system, can launch this soup mixing column with the pipeline of being with stop valve.
Approach gate 7 is arranged on the higher side of physical features, goes out pig, goes out to be arranged on for fertile 11 low end of physical features.Do not establish cross road between house row, the road 6 around the field of wide 3~5m is set in.The last trade (hardening width 3m) 4 and following trade (hardening width 2m) 5 of road surface sclerosis are set in, and data feedback channel 4 is for advancing people, feeding-passage, and descending 5 passages are that big porker is delivered for sale and goes out the fertilizer passage, and both sides, following trade are provided with wide 0.5m, the sclerosis drain ditch of 0.5m deeply.Close on inside outside the venue that living area, warehouse, power supply room can be laid in road 10 and the higher zone of physical features, auxiliary facility such as between supplying water.
Excavate perimeter trench 3 (ditch bottom width 3m, wide 5~6m suitable for reading, dark 2m) around the pig farm, keep the depth of water in the ditch more than 0.6m, can plant the water plants of the lotus rhizome that has an economic benefit, water caltrop and so in the ditch, and in water, put trash fish in a suitable place to breed, be beneficial to the circularly purifying of water body.Summer pig beat the waste water that mud take a shower to form and can be disposed in the perimeter trench 3, carry out water body purification with wherein aquatic animals and plants.
A kind ofly utilize above-mentioned original ecological pig farm to carry out original ecological pig breeding method, throw in 5~15 in each unit colony house and fatten piglet (pig that the farrows input of a brood of institute of same sow is in same unit colony house) or a sow is raised:
1. according to the wild habit of pig, it can freely be come in and gone out and its corresponding space for activities of colony house, unit, place, freely gnaw young crops or green grass; The shower place cooling of taking a shower of can freely coming in and going out on hot summer days;
2. feed and do not contain the mixed feed of antibiotic, hormone medicine; Said mixed feed is formulated by 1: 2: 1 weight ratio by concentrated feed, corn grits, wheat bran, and said concentrated feed contains the raw material of following weight parts: copper sulphate 0.4, ferrous sulfate 0.3, manganese sulphate 0.02, zinc sulphate 2, magnesium sulfate 1, sodium selenite 0.1, salt compounded of iodine 15, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 50, calcium carbonate 50, medical stone 15, zeolite powder 16, sweetener 4, phytase 0.5, complex enzyme 3, B B-complex 0.5, probiotic 1, betain 2.5, threonine 1, methionine 2.5, lysine 5, animal oil 14, fish meal 100, dregs of beans 600, albumen material 150.
The feeding volume that feed is each: xerophagia, be advisable just to eat up after 1 hour; Wet food is advisable just to eat up after half an hour.
3. supply with 15~20 ℃ of drinking-water temperature;
4. press immune programme for children virus inoculation class vaccine, generally inoculated bacteria class vaccine not.
This method general tens pigs in the past concentrate on the conventional method of a less space stable breeding, change into according to the nature habit of pig and put in a suitable place to breed.
2 one kinds of original ecological pig farms of embodiment, basic identical with embodiment 1, difference is: a house north and south wall vent transmission region is installed double pane, to adapt at the cold regional construction original ecological pig farm of north of china in winter.