CN108719176A - A kind of novel method for culturing pigs improving animal welfare - Google Patents
A kind of novel method for culturing pigs improving animal welfare Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of novel method for culturing pigs improving animal welfare, is that booth is divided into north and south two parts, centre is passageway, and north space builds up probiotics fermention bed and is used to raise pigs, space planting vegetable in the south.The present invention provides a kind of zero-emission, pollution-free, free from extraneous odour new culturing technique, the planting vegetable in the booth of pig raising, and vegetables will not be contaminated.Effect is the most apparent in winter for the booth, since fermentation bed can generate heat, makes the growth of temperature pig preferably in booth, reduce the needs for maintaining physical efficiency, the energy has been saved, swine rearing condition and social benefit is made to be obtained for great raising, to improve pig raising benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to livestock-raising technical fields, specifically, being related to a kind of novel pig raising side for improving animal welfare
Method.
Background technology
It advocating ecological construction, low-carbon environment-friendly, paying attention under the overall background of food security and human health, in agricultural and animal products
Drug and feed add the safeties such as agent residual and have been to be concerned by more and more people.In ecology, organic food increasingly by high-end
Review conventional pig breeding industry today of consumers, major drawbacks are, since " modern industrial technology " introduces conventional pig breeding industry
Afterwards, part culturist treats lived pig as abiotic machine.Under the driving of economic benefit, people are often
Have ignored the most basic right of animal welfare and life.Pig is fixed raising in very narrow space by many pig farmers, is raised
The feed of high-energy, high additive is fed, pig house is commonly made to lime, cement flooring.This way is in north of china in winter, often
It so that the pig sand crack is occurred, is suffered from cold, has loose bowels, the illnesss such as cough and asthma, while also limit the free movement of pig and free talent arch soil
Characteristic has violated the normal life habit of pig.What is more, and for very little economic benefit, some raisers are to son
Pig takes docking and cuts the measure of long,sharp,protruding teeth, and pain is just born after allowing piglet to be born, and resistance and immunity is caused to reduce.This
The result that sample is done will necessarily damage the health of pig and lead to taking place frequently for disease.A large amount of residue of veterinary drug will necessarily in pork product
Affect indirectly the health of the mankind.
Pig dish is planted vegetables with the high end target that raw booth technology is Developing Modern Livestock Husbandry using technology ecology booth pig raising
It is to preserve the ecological environment, improves animal welfare, pay close attention to the concentrated reflection of human health, be the revolution to traditional pig breeding industry,
It is product of the socio-economic development to certain phase.Northerly winter, in order to keep out the cold, improve temperature, green house of vegetables and
Pig house all takes seal approach as far as possible, also adds the Insulations such as cotton-wadded quilt.But occur other one while heat preservation
A problem：Lack in green house of vegetables and carry out photosynthetic carbon dioxide, the oxygen for maintaining breathing is lacked in pig house.Most cold
Season can reduce temperature in booth if prematurely or after for a long time leaked informaton, be unfavorable for the healthy growth of vegetables；Pig house
Inside also because the unstable incidence for also leading to pig of temperature increases, breathing problem increases.In order to avoid these problems, raiser
Common practice be artificially to increase carbon dioxide in green house of vegetables, many ventilations heating is also increased in pig house and is set
It applies, this increases production cost to a certain extent.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of novel method for culturing pigs improving animal welfare.
In order to realize the object of the invention, a kind of novel method for culturing pigs of raising animal welfare of the invention, is by booth
North and south two parts are divided into, centre is passageway, and probiotics fermention bed is built up for raising pigs in north space, and vegetable is planted in space in the south
Dish.This be one not only raise pigs but also plant vegetables in the same brooder, breeding combine new technique.The main purpose of planting vegetable is
Green forage is provided for pig and improves animal welfare, so that pig is lacked morbidity or even is not fallen ill, does not have to veterinary drug, is not had to feed and is added
Agent, to produce no veterinary drug and the remaining high-quality pork of feed addictive.
The north and south span of fermentation bed of the present invention is 5-12 meters, and depth is 60-120 centimetres (preferably from about 90 centimetres).
Material platform can be adopted between fermentation bed and passageway equipped with 1.2-1.5 meters wide.According to actual conditions, the width in the passageway
Degree can be set as 1.0-1.5 meters.
The booth of the present invention is confined space, in booth temperature control at 20 DEG C~30 DEG C, in booth ventilation quantity control exists
1.5~2.0m/s, booth is interior to ensure sufficient illumination, and booth is interior to provide drinking-water equipped with automatic drinking bowl for pig.According to reality
Roller shutter can be arranged in situation at the top of booth.
Bedding and padding used in fermentation bed of the present invention are agriculture and forestry organic waste material, including sawdust, rice husk, corncob, maize straw, beanstalk
Stalk, beanpod, broomcorn straw, sorghum cap, paddy stalk, cavings, broomcorn millet stalk etc..The temperature of fermentation bed is maintained at 26 ± 10 DEG C.
Doing bedding and padding with agricultural byproduct and doing with sawdust, rice husk the differences of bedding and padding is：Bedding and padding are done with agricultural byproducts such as maize straws
The fermentation bed service life of making is relatively short, can only use 1 year or so；And the fermentation bed of bedding and padding making is made of sawdust, rice husk
Service life is about in 2~3 years.In general, large-scale pig farmer and pig farm are relatively suitble to do bedding and padding with sawdust, rice husk to make
The service life of fermentation bed, fermentation bed is long, saves labour, also saves bedding and padding resource and vaccine expense.For most of rural area
It dissipates for pig farmer, they prefer to do bedding and padding with agricultural byproducts such as maize straws, are on the one hand because there is a large amount of jade in peasant household
The agricultural byproducts such as rice stalk oneself make fermentation bed, labour is also not counted in cost without spending money on bedding and padding since they are most；
On the other hand be them there is also pig raising it is the thought tilled the land, 1 year service life of fermentation bed conforms exactly to them and accumulates fertilizer
The demand of material.After autumn harvest, the agricultural byproducts such as new maize straw harvest, they can do fermentation bed again, the bedding and padding cleaned out
Give over to the fertilizer of second year farming.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, the bedding and padding of the fermentation bed are maize straw, and laying method is as follows：
Place one layer of bundled maize straw in empty fermentation vat bottom, thickness is 20 ± 2 centimetres, then put cut up with a hay cutter it is short be 2~3 centimeter lengths jade
Rice stalk, thickness are 10 ± 2 centimetres, spray water after mixing, reach 30 ± 10% humidity, then add and spill probiotics, probiotics additive amount
0.5 kilogram is added for every cubic metre of fermenting bed padding, i.e. 0.5kg/m3, first layer bedding and padding, which are laid with, to be completed；The second layer all puts 2~
The maize straw of 3 centimeter lengths reaches 30 ± 2 cm thicks, sprays water to 30 ± 10% humidity, then add and spill probiotics 0.5kg/m3, the
Two layers of bedding and padding, which are laid with, to be completed；Third layer is laid with bedding and padding according to the second layer method and adds until fermentation bed is filled up and spill probiotics
0.5kg/m3Afterwards, Dry corn stalk stalk is re-layed as last layer of bedding and padding, 5 ± 2 centimetres of thickness.
In the another embodiment of the present invention, the bedding and padding of the fermentation bed are maize straw, sawdust and rice husk,
Wherein maize straw accounts for the 80 ± 5% of bedding and padding gross weight, and laying method is as follows：Bundled maize straw one is put in empty fermentation vat bottom
Layer, thickness be 20 ± 2 centimetres, then put cut up with a hay cutter it is short be 2~3 centimeter lengths maize straw, thickness be 6 ± 2 centimetres, be spilled into suitable quantity of water,
By stalk surface wettability, the sawdust and rice husk of 4 ± 2 cm thicks are repaved, is sprayed water to 30 ± 10% humidity, then add and spill probiotics
0.5kg/m3, first layer bedding and padding, which are laid with, to be completed；The second layer puts the maize straw of 25 ± 2 cm thicks, sprays water to 30 ± 10% humidity,
The sawdust and rice husk of 5 ± 2 cm thicks are repaved, is sprayed water to 30 ± 10% humidity, then add and spill probiotics 0.5kg/m3, second layer bedding and padding
It is laid with and completes；Third layer is laid with bedding and padding according to the second layer method and adds until fermentation bed is filled up and spill probiotics 0.5kg/m3
Afterwards, the sawdust of 5 ± 2 cm thicks is re-layed as last layer of bedding and padding.
Probiotics of the present invention is made of each strain of following weight percent, and every gram of living bacteria count is 20,000,000,000：
Fermentation bed unit area raising pig head number be：Piggy within 50 kilograms of weight account for fermentation bed area averagely by
1.0 square metres/are counted, and the growing and fattening pigs that 100 kilograms of weight account for fermentation bed area averagely based on 2.0 square metres/.
The pig of the same raw booth technology raising of pig dish using the present invention does not find to suffer from infectiousness aphtha almost without symptom of having loose bowels
The case of disease.The effect of fermentation bed to raise pig becomes apparent in winter, since fermentation bed can generate heat, makes in booth temperature more
Suitable for the growth of pig, reduces the needs for maintaining physical efficiency, the energy has been saved, to improve pig raising benefit.Every pig is than tradition
Pure more than 200 yuan of the increase economic benefit of pig house pig raising.The present invention provides a kind of zero-emission, pollution-free, free from extraneous odour new culturing technique,
The planting vegetable in the booth of pig raising, vegetables will not be contaminated.
Effect is the most apparent in winter for the booth, and swine rearing condition and social benefit are obtained for great raising, very
Just reaching zero-emission, pollution-free health pig raising, this is the first feeling into pig farm, and the thing that pig raising people is most happy.It should
The bed tempertaure that ferments in technology booth keeps 26 DEG C or so throughout the year, and temperature of shed has abundance between 20 DEG C~30 DEG C in booth
Illumination, vegetables provide sufficient oxygen and are breathed for pig, and the carbon dioxide of pig exhalation carries out photosynthesis, pig body itself by vegetables again
The heat that the heat and fermentation bed of generation generate improves the temperature of vegetable growth needs.In booth cool in summer and warm in winter, piggy
From once be born it is happy and healthy grow up, their talent arch soils leisurely freely move, embody animal and sent out with naturally harmonious
Exhibition.The excrement of pig is fermented the microorganism decomposition of bed into very thin powder, and excrement thoroughly disappears in 3 days, greatly reduces
Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gas in pig house, no longer stink to high heaven in pig house and fly maggot is grown.The excrement of the pig of puzzlement people over a long period of time
Just processing problem is solved.When making fermenting bed padding, the agricultural wastes such as sawdust, rice husk, maize straw are equal
It can be used as bedding and padding to be used, by the fermentation of microorganism, these agricultural byproducts are turned waste into wealth, and are prohibited for the whole nation and are burnt stalk, beautification
Urban and rural ecological environment provides a preferable solution route, not only low-carbon environment-friendly but also economical and practical.
The present invention has the following advantages：
(1) carbon dioxide that the respiration for the oxygen and pig that vegetables are released by photosynthesis generates recycles in booth
It utilizes.Northern area in winter usually lacked oxygen in pig house because of sealing tight；On the contrary, often lacking in green house of vegetables
Carbon dioxide.After this technology, it not only ensure that pig has sufficient oxygen, vegetables to have sufficient carbon dioxide, but also daily
Booth can at least be reduced to leak informaton 1~2 hour time, to keep higher temperature in giving up.
(2) pig maintains the heat of body temperature generation, the heat of fermentation bed generation and canopy film to absorb the thermal energy superposition that luminous energy generates
Synergy can guarantee the healthy growth of pig and vegetables in northern most cold season.
(3) microorganism (fermentation bed probiotics), plant (vegetables) and animal (pig) form a complete ecology in canopy
Circulating biological chain is not only oxygen and carbon dioxide recycling, and the also fecaluria of pig is decomposed in time by microorganism, reduces house
The concentration of interior ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, free from extraneous odour in pig house, zero emission and pollution.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is pig dish of the present invention with raw booth side schematic view；Wherein, A is the same raw No. 1 sample canopy of pig dish, and B is pig dish with raw
No. 2 sample canopies.
Fig. 2 is No. 1, No. 2 booths construction photos of the present invention；Wherein, A is No. 1 booth (adopting material platform, corridor in north side), and B is
No. 2 booths (adopting material platform, corridor in centre), C is No. 2 booths built up.
Fig. 3 is the construction criteria of fermentation bed of the present invention (left side is north).
Fermentation bed of the present invention shown in Fig. 4 designs two stakes every 5 meters.
Fig. 5 is that fermentation bed first layer of the present invention uses bundled maize straw as bedding and padding.
Fig. 6 is that operating personnel shown in the present invention sprinkle water on Dry corn stalk stalk.
Maize straw is simply mixed after the watering of operating personnel shown in Fig. 7.
Operating personnel shown in Fig. 8 spray probiotics to bedding and padding surface.
Fig. 9 be fermentation bed of the present invention bedding and padding in increase sawdust and rice husk.
Figure 10 is to raise the pig in fermentation bed in winter of the invention.
Figure 11 is pig of the summer feeding of the present invention in fermentation bed.
Specific implementation mode
The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention..Unless otherwise specified, embodiment
Used in the conventional means that are well known to those skilled in the art of technological means, raw materials used is commercial goods.
Embodiment 1 improves the novel method for culturing pigs of animal welfare
1, foundation of the pig dish with raw booth
Pig dish is divided into north and south two parts with raw booth, and centre is passageway (corridor), and probiotics fermention is built up in north space
Bed is for raising pigs, space planting vegetable in the south.
Pig dish is shown in Fig. 1 with No. 1 raw, pig dish with raw No. 2 sample canopy side schematic views.No. 1, No. 2 booths construction photos see Fig. 2.
As can be seen that No. 2 booths are easier to promote.
2, the making and management of fermentation bed
(1) construction criteria of fermentation bed
The depth of fermentation bed can be selected according to the weather conditions of different regions, be advisable with 60~120 centimetres.In Chifeng
Area, the most suitable depth of fermentation bed are 90 centimetres.Four wall cement of fermentation bed and brick, bottom surface do not have to processing, can be direct
With sandy soil ground (Fig. 3).Cement treated bottom surface is never used, otherwise, the bedding and padding close to bottom usually ferment not exclusively.Fermentation bed pig
At 8 meters or more, thing length can be depending on the actual conditions on pig farm for the north and south span suggestion of house.No matter colony house is how long, fermentation
Bed all should be a complete bed, and centre should not have partition wall, and fermentation bed is bigger, and ferment effect is better.In specific make,
Two stakes (Fig. 4) can be designed every 5 meters on bed surface in this way can be according to pig how much with time shift for being affiliated to mobile fence
Moving grid column forms the random fence house of size.
Fermentation bed north side should reserve 1.2~1.5 meters of conducts again by corridor for pig there are the corridor that width is 1.0 meters
The hardening platform of feeding feed, hardening platform preferably take brick floor file face, on the one hand can prevent pollution of the bedding and padding to feed,
On the other hand the place of rest for pig can be provided, especially enjoyed the cool advantageously to pig rest in summer high temperature.
(2) the specific manufacturing process of fermentation bed
Completely using maize straw as the example of bedding and padding：Bundled maize straw one is placed in empty fermentation vat bottom first
Layer, thickness is about 20 centimetres (Fig. 5), then put cut up with a hay cutter it is short be 2~3 centimeter lengths maize straw, thickness is about 10 centimetres, equably
Underground water (Fig. 6) is sprayed, (Fig. 7) is simply mixed, reaches 30% humidity, then uniformly adds and spills one substratum of fermentation bed vaccine (Fig. 8),
First layer is finished.The second layer, which is all put, cuts up with a hay cutter short maize straw, to reach 30 cm thicks, uniformly spray underground water, be simply mixed,
Reach 30% humidity, then uniformly add and spill one substratum of fermentation bed vaccine, the second layer is finished.Third layer repeats the way of the second layer,
Until fermentation vat is essentially filled with, after having spilt last layer of vaccine, then Dry corn stalk stalk is spilt as last layer of bedding and padding, thickness
5 centimetres or so, do not have to add water.
Using maize straw (accounting for about bedding and padding gross weight 80%), sawdust and rice husk as the example of bedding and padding：First at empty fermentation vat bottom
One layer of bundled maize straw is put in portion, and thickness is about 20 centimetres, then put cut up with a hay cutter it is short be 2~3 centimeter lengths maize straw, thickness is big
About 6 centimetres, it is spilled into suitable underground water, by stalk surface wettability, repaves 4 centimetres or so sawdusts and rice husk (Fig. 9),
Even sprinkling underground water, reaches 30% humidity, is simply mixed, then uniformly adds and spill one substratum of fermentation bed vaccine, and first layer is finished.Second
Layer can place 25 centimetres of maize straws, uniformly spray underground water, reach 30% humidity, then uniformly paving spills 5 centimetres or so of saw
End and rice husk, uniformly spray underground water, reach 30% humidity, be simply mixed, then uniformly add and spill one substratum of fermentation bed vaccine, and second
Layer is finished.Third layer repeats the second layer and after having spilt last layer of vaccine, then is spilt until microbial fermentation bed is essentially filled with
5 centimetres or so of sawdust is used as last layer of bedding and padding, does not have to add water.
(3) daily maintenance of fermentation bed
When fermentation bed was finished by the 3rd~10 day, 20 centimeters temperature can rise to 50~80 DEG C under bed surface, to the 7th~10
It when fermentation bed tempertaure can gradually tend to normal, i.e., 35 DEG C or so.It 7th~10 day can be into pig.Pig enters hair
After ferment bed a period of time, fermentation bed bed surface can sink, it should be noted that bedding and padding are replenished in time.Notice that fermentation bed bed surface cannot be excessively dry
Dry, such as excessively drying can cause pig to suffer from an inflammation of the lungs, and minimum water content is not to play flying dust, and not influencing the breathing of pig is advisable, if the summer
Season fermentation bed it is too dry can often sprinkle water in bed surface, while also functioning to the effect of cooling；If fermentation bed is overly wet, should be added in time
Some drying bedding and padding or reinforce colony house ventilation, and in time check water fountain whether leak.Most rational bedding and padding water content is
30% or so, most dry at the middle and upper levels, for water content about 25% or so, bottom aqueous amount is 40% or so.It is usually to pay attention to table more
The moisture variation of face layer, it is ensured that not dry not wet state, range estimation have wet feeling, but not too wet, loosely not hardened
Appearance.
In order to ensure the healthy growth of pig and maintain the normal use of fermentation bed, the stocking density in fermentation bed piggery is wanted
It is suitable.Piggy within 50 kilograms of weight accounts for fermentation bed area and is averagely calculated by 1.0 square metres/, and weight is educated at 100 kilograms
Hog accounts for fermentation bed area and is averagely calculated by 2.0 square metres/.The head number that unit area raises pig is excessive, the fermentation shape of bedding and padding
State will reduce, and cannot degrade rapidly and digest the fecaluria of pig.
(4) daily management of fermentation bed should be noted that item
According to the nearly observation in 9 years of inventor, the pig raised in fermentation bed occurred not yet infectiousness aphtha (even if
There are many generation infectiousness aphthas, the pig raised in fermentation bed also not to occur with the other pigs in village), it is bacillary almost without occurring
Or it is viral have loose bowels, since fermentation bed humiture is relatively suitble to pig raising, other diseases also seldom to occur.Thus fermentation bed to raise pig
Antibiotic is seldom used, if there is special circumstances need to use antibiotic treatment, the profitable probliotics in bedding and padding will not be impacted,
It can positive common medicine.Expelling parasite of preventing epidemic simultaneously is all normally carried out.
Since fermenting bed padding is made of probiotics, so some pig farmers worry that disinfection can kill probiotics
Extremely.Partly sterilised does not influence the overall situation in fact, and disinfection only kills a small amount of probiotics on surface, and disinfectant can lose work(quickly
Effect.Due to having a large amount of probiotics inside bedding and padding, in addition pig is constantly stirred, probiotics can spread apart quickly to come, and can be very
It breeds soon, therefore disinfection will not impact microorganism.
(5) item that the summer management of fermentation bed should be noted that
Summer temperature is relatively high, and fermentation bed tempertaure has many pig farmers to worry that temperature are too high up to 40 DEG C or so, pig by
Not, or even worry that in high temperature season fermentation bed to raise pig can be used.Pig farmer need not be worried completely in fact, these problems are all
Through solving.First it will be appreciated that in fermentation bed probiotics generate heat it is related with the speed of breeding, reproduction speed again with
The activity of bedding and padding is related.The bed surface temperature of fermentation bed is maintained at 35 DEG C or so throughout the year, and temperature is relatively higher under bed surface, in winter when
When pig talent arch soil activity, pig more talent arch soil more feel warm, so many pig more talent arch soils are deeper, or even oneself is nuzzled in one hole of arch
It goes, cold day pig needs heat, therefore they ceaselessly encircle bedding and padding, and bedding and padding activity is reinforced, and reproduction speed is accelerated, and generates heat and increases
(Figure 10), if fermentation bed area is bigger, it should artificially help to stir bedding and padding, increase the reproduction speed of probiotics, generate
More heats；On the contrary, if in summer high temperature season, probiotics in fermentation bed is allowed to remain static as possible, activity less,
Reproduction speed is reduced, heat is reduced, as long as meticulous inspection toward depths in summer high temperature season pig it finds that seldom encircle fermentation bed
Bedding and padding are arch bedding and padding, also only on fermentation bed surface, animal body itself also has recognition capability, it feel bedding and padding it is too hot when
Time has not just encircleed (Figure 11), so summer high temperature season does not stir fermenting bed padding artificially as possible, if excrement is taken too much
Part digs pit and buries excrement, does so the bacterium and pest that can be killed in excrement, should handle in time if it find that there is maggot in fermentation bed
There is the excrement of maggot to turn over and bury 30~40 centimetres, maggot will disappear within hot fermentation half a day a to time.
Simultaneously it is further noted that summer is since temperature height, the amount of drinking water of pig increase, ensure sufficient drinking-water for alleviating heat
Stress be particularly significant, so to keep pig to there is water to drink often, preferably there are automatic drinking bowl, the temperature of drinking-water to keep cool as possible
Soon, best directly from the water of Deep Underground.Anti- antipriming pipe, water tank shine under the sun, avoid having bacterium in the too hot or water of drinking-water
In addition parasitism need to strengthen and adopt the material effect of platform wayside pavilion, makes full use of ground window and skylight, cross-ventilation is made to accelerate, make pig sense
Feel that nice and cool, too hot weather can be in pig body and fermentation bed surface while cooling of sprinkling water.
(6) follow-up management of fermentation bed and maintenance
Fermentation bed construction is completed, and after pig enters fermentation bed for a period of time, fermentation bed bed surface can sink, it should be noted that is mended in time
Fill bedding and padding.Notice that fermentation bed bed surface cannot be dried excessively, such as excessively drying can cause pig to suffer from an inflammation of the lungs, and minimum water content is not to rise
Flying dust, not influencing the breathing of pig is advisable；Maximum water content is not influenced bedding and padding gas permeability, do not had by not to be allowed pig with not apparent wet sense
Cool feeling of making moist is advisable.
The key of fermentation bed to raise pig technology is that the management of fermenting bed padding, the quality of bedding and padding management directly determine pig raising
Economic benefit.Fermentation bed fermentation rule be：Bedding and padding humidity of fermenting generally is incremented by from top to bottom with water content, i.e., more toward upper layer
Drier, moisture is fewer, and more wetter toward lower layer, and moisture is higher.The humidity and water content of fermenting bed padding layer are solid from pig
Determine to fix at sleep to pig at defecation and successively decrease successively, it is typically most wet at stool and urine, it is most dry at sleep.Moisture and water content
It is the key factor for influencing fermentation and fermenting speed, in other conditions (such as fermenting agent, aeration, nutrients, acid-base value)
In the case of having, have and first ferment at moisture, at temporary water shortage after ferment, washiness person is fermented soon, and moisture lacks person's slowly fermenting.Institute
The fecaluria of pig should just be disperseed in time every 1~2 day with poultry raiser.
Often to notice whether observation bedding and padding water content is suitable：Most rational bedding and padding water content is 30% or so, wherein
Upper layer is most dry, and for water content about 25% or so, bottom aqueous amount is 40% or so.Usually the moisture for paying attention to superficial layer become more
Change, it is ensured that not dry not wet state, range estimation have wet feeling, but not too wet, loosely not hardened appearance.If too
It is dry, then it needs to be sprinkled with water；If rainy weather, surface layer bedding and padding excessively moisten, then need to use rake and scoop suitably loose metal,
Rake or shovel are inserted into about 30cm or so in material, under shake is several, enter more air in bedding and padding the purpose for the arrangement is that allowing, to add
Speed fermentation heat production, evaporates more moisture, also allows for moisture and evaporated from bedding and padding, while reinforcing divulging information.Overly wet situation
Under, it can also be neutralized using the few bedding and padding of fresh water content are mixed.
Pay attention to extending the service life of bedding and padding：In normal fermentation bed maintenance process, if the case where supplementing strain
Under, also feel that the ammonia taste of fermentation bed, stink are unable to get elimination, do not kept supplementing new bedding and padding yet how long, and
The water imbibition of bedding and padding is bad, and seldom water is just very moist, bedding and padding powdery, and here it is bedding and padding slowly to deteriorate, and needs again more
Change bedding and padding.If it is desired to long, other than carrying out normal fermentation bed maintenance work, supplement microbial inoculum etc., upper layer can also be padded
Material reapplies after carrying out exposure, but the old bedding and padding after this exposure, no more than 50%, new bedding and padding will account for 50% or more.If needed
Fertilizer is made with pig manure, it is possibility to have selectively same day excretion, visible pig manure shovels out on the surface from swinery, uses
In compost or field fertilizer is made, can also extend the service life of fermentation bed in this way.
It is raised pigs with raw booth using pig dish, experiment was carried out in winter in 2008.The outer temperature of pig house was -30 DEG C at that time, pig house
20 DEG C of interior temperature, the depths distance fermentation bed surface 10cm temperature is 36 DEG C.By two groups of experiments are compared：First group, raising week
Phase is all 4 months, every average than common pig more 15 kilograms of weightenings of the growing and fattening pigs raised in fermentation bed, if per kilogram presses 15 yuan
It calculates, then the pig raised in a fermentation bed earns 225 yuan more than common pig.Second group, raising is delivered for sale to same body weight, i.e.,
110 kilograms, the growing and fattening pigs supported in fermentation bed are delivered for sale for 15 days in advance than tradition pig raising, and in the fattening later stage, every pig searches for food daily
Amount saves 60 kilograms of feed in 15 days by 4 kilograms of calculating, if per kilogram feed is saved 180 yuan of feed, also saved by 3.0 yuan of calculating
The artificial feeding expense of two weeks is saved.In addition, if supporting common pig, each poultry raiser can only raise 200 growing and fattening pigs, ferment
The growing and fattening pigs raised on bed reduce the amount of labour, each poultry raiser can raise 500 growing and fattening pigs, simultaneously due to not having to clear up excrement
Since fermentation bed to raise pig does not have to rush colony house, a large amount of pig raising water are also ad save.
Following comparative testing, which is further demonstrated, is raised pigs using pig dish provided by the invention with raw booth, is achieved noticeable achievement.
Control group builds a conventional lime cement flooring pig using traditional pig raising technology at No. 2 500 meters of booth south
House.
One, contrast test 1
1, basic condition：Time is winter, and age in days was at 45~56 days, and fattening period 120 days, feed formula is shown in Table 1：
Table 1
2, growth pattern is shown in Table 2：
Table 2
3, incidence：The pig morbidity of test group is smaller, and administration time 2 days is basic to cure, the most medications of control group 7
It, most medications 4 days or so (table 3).
Table 3
Two, contrast test 2
1, basic condition：Time is spring and summer, and age in days was at 40~50 days, and fattening period weight to about 110 kilograms, match by feed
Fang Jianbiao 4：
Table 4
2, growth pattern is shown in Table 5：
Table 5
3, incidence：The pig morbidity of test group is smaller, and administration time 2 days is basic to cure, the most medications of control group 7
It, most medications 4 days or so (table 6).
Table 6
Three, contrast test 31, basic condition：Time is spring and summer, and age in days is in 100 days or so replacement brood sows, feeding period
45 days, feed formula was shown in Table 7：
2, growth pattern is shown in Table 8：
Table 8
3, incidence：In view of economic benefit, experiment proceeds to 45 days and stops.Control group pig moves on to experiment house, after 7 days
All cure (table 9).
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments,
On the basis of the present invention, it can be modified or is improved, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Cause
This, these modifications or improvements, belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of novel method for culturing pigs improving animal welfare, which is characterized in that booth is divided into north and south two parts, centre is
Passageway, north space build up probiotics fermention bed and are used to raise pigs, space planting vegetable in the south.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the north and south span of the fermentation bed is 5-12 meters, depth is
60-120 centimetres.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, being equipped between fermentation bed and passageway 1.2-1.5 meters wide
Material platform is adopted, the width in the passageway is 1.0-1.5 meters.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the booth is confined space, temperature, which controls, in booth exists
20 DEG C~30 DEG C, ventilation quantity is controlled in booth ensures sufficient illumination in 1.5~2.0m/s, booth, equipped with certainly in booth
Dynamic water fountain provides drinking-water for pig.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the bedding and padding of the fermentation bed be agriculture and forestry organic waste material, including saw
End, rice husk, corncob, maize straw, beanstalk stalk, beanpod, broomcorn straw, sorghum cap, paddy stalk, cavings, broomcorn millet stalk.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the bedding and padding of the fermentation bed be maize straw, laying method
It is as follows：One layer of bundled maize straw is placed in empty fermentation vat bottom, thickness is 20 ± 2 centimetres, then it is 2~3 centimetres that it is short, which to put hand hay cutter,
Long maize straw, thickness are 10 ± 2 centimetres, spray water after mixing, reach 30 ± 10% humidity, then add and spill probiotics 0.5kg/
m3, first layer bedding and padding, which are laid with, to be completed；The second layer all puts the maize straw of 2~3 centimeter lengths, reaches 30 ± 2 cm thicks, water spray is extremely
30 ± 10% humidity, then add and spill probiotics 0.5kg/m3, second layer bedding and padding, which are laid with, to be completed；Third layer is laid with according to the second layer method
Bedding and padding add until fermentation bed is filled up and spill probiotics 0.5kg/m3Afterwards, Dry corn stalk stalk is re-layed as last layer of pad
Material, 5 ± 2 centimetres of thickness.
7. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the bedding and padding of the fermentation bed are maize straw, sawdust and rice
Shell, wherein maize straw account for the 80 ± 5% of bedding and padding gross weight, and laying method is as follows：Bundled corn stalk is put in empty fermentation vat bottom
One layer of stalk, thickness are 20 ± 2 centimetres, then put cut up with a hay cutter it is short be 2~3 centimeter lengths maize straw, thickness is 6 ± 2 centimetres, is spilled into appropriate
Stalk surface wettability is repaved the sawdust and rice husk of 4 ± 2 cm thicks by water, is sprayed water to 30 ± 10% humidity, then add and spill probiotics
0.5kg/m3, first layer bedding and padding, which are laid with, to be completed；The second layer puts the maize straw of 25 ± 2 cm thicks, sprays water to 30 ± 10% humidity,
The sawdust and rice husk of 5 ± 2 cm thicks are repaved, is sprayed water to 30 ± 10% humidity, then add and spill probiotics 0.5kg/m3, second layer bedding and padding
It is laid with and completes；Third layer is laid with bedding and padding according to the second layer method and adds until fermentation bed is filled up and spill probiotics 0.5kg/m3
Afterwards, the sawdust of 5 ± 2 cm thicks is re-layed as last layer of bedding and padding.
8. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the temperature of the fermentation bed is maintained at 26 ± 10 DEG C.
9. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the probiotics by following weight percent each strain
It constitutes, every gram of living bacteria count is 20,000,000,000：
10. according to claim 1-9 any one of them methods, which is characterized in that fermentation bed unit area raises the head number of pig
For：Piggy within 50 kilograms of weight accounts for fermentation bed area averagely based on 1.0 square metres/, and the growing and fattening pigs that 100 kilograms of weight account for
Fermentation bed area is averagely based on 2.0 square metres/.
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