CN103385204A - Summer live pig cultivation method based on biological fermentation bed - Google Patents
Summer live pig cultivation method based on biological fermentation bed Download PDFInfo
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- CN103385204A CN103385204A CN2013102213968A CN201310221396A CN103385204A CN 103385204 A CN103385204 A CN 103385204A CN 2013102213968 A CN2013102213968 A CN 2013102213968A CN 201310221396 A CN201310221396 A CN 201310221396A CN 103385204 A CN103385204 A CN 103385204A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a summer live pig cultivation method based on a biological fermentation bed, comprising the biological fermentation bed and a summer cooling device, wherein the biological fermentation bed comprises padding raw materials, nutrition materials and activation strains; the padding raw materials comprise one or a multifold mixture of sawdust, peanut shell, rice chaff, straw powder and straw coarse powder; the nutrition materials comprise one or a multifold mixture of rice bran, wheat bran or corn flour; the activation strains adopt natural strains, compound strains or aerobiotic strains; the natural strains are collected in the field; the compound strains are formed by compounding aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria. According to the method, the green cultivation effect is really realized, meanwhile, secondary pollution caused by excrements of livestock by in the transportational process is avoided, and non-pollution and zero-discharge are realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the livestock-raising technical field, specifically, relate to a kind of based on biological fermentation bed pig-breeding method in summer.
Background technology
China is the first in the world big country of raising pigs, and 4.6 hundred million of present national live pig livestock on hands, deliver 5.7 hundred million for sale, and pork output reaches 4,100 ten thousand tons, accounts for 65% of national meat gross yield, accounts for 44% of whole world pork gross yield.Pig industry plays an important role in Chinese national economy and people's lives.But along with the continuous expansion of China's pig industry scale, Swine Production also becomes increasingly conspicuous to the pollution problem that environment brings.Therefore, the green pig industry of development safety, efficient, high-quality, producing high-level safe and high quality pork is that pendulum is in dealer's important topic in front.
For controlling the pollution to environment of the dirt of livestock and poultry breeding industry excrement and stench; promote aquaculture production technology and technological progress; maintaining ecological balance; carry out " Law on Environmental Protection ", Water Pollution Prevention Law and the Air Pollution Prevention Law, State Environmental Protection Administration's successively issue a series of policies and regulations such as " livestock and poultry breeding industry pollution prevention management method ", " livestock and poultry breeding industry pollutant emission standard ", " livestock and poultry breeding industry pollution prevention technique standard ".Country has proposed the structure of agricultural production optimization aim of " according to the requirement of High yield ecological safety; develop actively featured agriculture, pollution-free food and the ecological agriculture ", and the control Pollution from livestock and poultry is included in " the moderately well-off environmental action plan in 11th Five-Year rural area " as Important Project, furnish a huge amount of money for to help the livestock and poultry dung recovery utilization, to improve rural environment and to greatly develop ecologic breeding.
The most colony house of raising pigs all adopts cement flooring, causes fecaluria to stockpile, and stench distributes, and pig house environment deterioration, surrounding air and water source environment are polluted.The livestock fecaluria is treated as the raise pigs a great problem of enterprise of long-term puzzlement, the dirty treatment technologies of existing many cultivation excrement, and effect is unsatisfactory, and huge processing investment, also makes a lot of breeding enterprises be difficult to bear.Biological fermentation bed Zero-emission pig-raising technology, arise at the historic moment just under such environment.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has overcome shortcoming of the prior art, provide a kind of based on biological fermentation bed pig-breeding method in summer, the fecaluria pollution problem that having solved raises pigs for a long time brings, pig excrements need not be carried, rinse, do not produce stench in pig house and grow fly, thoroughly solve environmental pollution, realized zero-emission fully.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind ofly based on biological fermentation bed pig-breeding method in summer, comprise biological fermentation bed and the cooling in summer device,
Described biological fermentation bed comprising,
A, bedding and padding raw material, described bedding and padding raw material comprise one or more the mixing wherein of wood sawdust, peanut shell, rice chaff, rice straw powder and stalk meal;
One or more the mixing wherein of B, nutrient raw material, rice bran, wheat bran or corn flour;
C, activated spawn, adopt natural type bacterial classification, compound bacterial classification or aerobic type bacterial classification, and described natural type bacterial classification is field acquisition, and described compound bacterial classification is composited by aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria.
Further, described pig house exterior wall limewash painted white, described pig house exterior wall is provided with air vent, in described air vent, sprayer unit is set.
Further, described bedding and padding are concentrated the discharge area that is deposited in the live pig self-assembling formation, form a bedding and padding mound centered by discharge area, highly reach 1-1.5m.
Further, described bedding and padding humidity is 50%, and temperature is at 45 ℃～55 ℃, pH value 7～8.
Further, described cooling in summer device is some water cooling tubes that are arranged in described bedding and padding, and described water cooling tube is netted setting.
Further, bedding and padding will be piled up fermentation in 3～5 days after mixing, and spread out afterwards, and the wood sawdust of place mat 5 cm thicks is wanted on surface, and 3～5 days afterwards just can above pig.
Further, regularly carry out activated spawn and supplement, 1 time weekly, press 1:50～100 a times dilution and spray, Yi Bian turn over 20 centimetres, bedding and padding, Yi Bian spray.
Further, need to enlarge liquid bedding and padding surface sprinkling probio, probio is set in described bedding and padding enlarges liquid pipeline, described probio expansion liquid pipeline is netted to be located in described bedding and padding, and described probio enlarges liquid pipeline and is provided with some spray holes.
Further, described bedding and padding 3-4 days stirs once, stir degree of depth child care pig and be 15～20 centimetres, be bred as 25～35 centimetres of pigs, in conjunction with thin excrement or moisturizing, bedding and padding are turned over evenly, will bedding and padding be stirred 1 time thoroughly every 50～60 days, and padding layer will be mixed up and down, the child care pig can carry out 1 time thin excrement in 2～3 days, be bred as pig and should carry out 1 time thin excrement in every 1～2 day, all will carry out burying of ight soil every day in summer, and fresh ight soil is buried below 20 centimetres.
Further, also comprise the temperature sensor that inserts in bedding and padding, described temperature sensor comprises the upper temperature sensor that is arranged in described bedding and padding top, the temperature sensor that is positioned at described bedding and padding middle part and the lower temperature sensor that is positioned at described bedding and padding bottom.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Of the present invention a kind of based on biological fermentation bed pig-breeding method in summer, truly realized the effect of green cultivation, simultaneously, the secondary pollution of also having avoided feces of livestock and poultry to form in transportation, realized pollution-free, zero-emission.
Improve the pig growing environment, meet the animal welfare requirement.Be covered with very thick padding layer in pig house, the pig house of special construction ventilates, and illumination and temperature, psychometric performance are good., because of the heat production of pad material fermentation meeting nature, guarantee that pig house is warm winter; Summer is dry and comfortable suitable, and surface temperature is lower than outer 2～3 ℃ of house.Fermentation bed to raise pig revert to the natural environment of " indigenous ", meets the animal welfare requirement.
Pig arch food fermenting bed padding raw material, save feed a part.Constantly carry out the biofermentation reaction due to padding bed, so be rich in multivitamin, albumen and raw fiber etc. in bedding and padding, be conducive to the essential organic element of pig growth.Like this, the physique of live pig and immunocompetence strengthen, and do not re-use antibiotics, carry out healthy cleaning cultivation, make meat quality reach the green health requirement.
Save labor cost, improve the efficiency of management.Because deep-litter systems has been realized pollution-free, flushing-free,, so with tradition, raise pigs and compare, saved a large amount of artificial work (wash away pig house, remove pig manure), labor productivity increases substantially.
Improve feeding efficiency and feed conversion rate.Because contain multiple organic element in the bedding and padding that fermentation bed is used, useful microorganism species, but metabolism produces a large amount of digestive enzymeses in the pig body, optimize the multiple digestion system of enteron aisle, and the metabolism of participation protein metabolism, mineral element metabolism and vitamin, also produce more B family vitamin (improving feed efficiency especially remarkable when feed nutrition is not enough), so can improve growth efficiency after pig searches for food, average feeding period can shorten 10～15 days, and every pig is saved more than 20 kilogram of feed grain.Confirm through raising, meat feed ratio realizes between 1: 2.4～2.2.
Save aquaculture cost, good in economic efficiency.The effect that has heat production due to microbial fermentation,, without other warming measure, save mass energy winter.The only saving of veterinary drug, water power, feed, every pig can abridged edition 50～80 yuan.Simultaneously, swine excrement is non-flushing to be washed, and direct fermentation changes into the harmless microbial cells of odorless and metabolite, saves great lot of water resources, can economize on water 75%～90%.
Turn waste into wealth, realize recycling of rice husk, stalk the like waste.When the organic bedding and padding of ferment making, need the raw materials such as sawdust, husk, rice bran, peanut shell, maize straw, leaf skin, by the fermentation of professional bacterial classification, these batchings can be converted into the high-quality organic manure, turn waste into wealth.
Whole process, substantially without antibiotic, can greatly reduce medicament residue, improves the animal products quality.Ban use of the materials such as antibiotic, hormone because of the fermentation bed to raise pig method,, so pig body inner virus can not produce antibody and have stronger drug susceptibility, even if fall ill, also easily cure.Due to beneficial microbe amount reproduction in the pig body, make it occupy leading position in body, greatly reduce harmful microbe and grow chance, improve the pig disease resistance.
Embodiment
Of the present inventionly a kind ofly based on biological fermentation bed pig-breeding method in summer, comprise biological fermentation bed and the cooling in summer device,
Biological fermentation bed comprising,
A, bedding and padding raw material, described bedding and padding raw material comprise one or more the mixing wherein of wood sawdust, peanut shell, rice chaff, rice straw powder and stalk meal;
One or more the mixing wherein of B, nutrient raw material, rice bran, wheat bran or corn flour;
C, activated spawn, adopt natural type bacterial classification, compound bacterial classification or aerobic type bacterial classification, and described natural type bacterial classification is field acquisition, and compound bacterial classification is composited by aerobic bacteria and the anaerobic bacteria of pure culture.One or more are composited aerobic type microbial inoculum kind by the aerobic bacteria of pure culture.
Requirement to bacterial classification:
(1) strong stress resistance of bacterial classification; (2) anti-anoxia ability of bacterial classification is enough; (3) the bacterial classification saline-alkaline tolerance is strong; (4) bacterial classification can reduce the work of ploughing deeply of fermenting bed padding.A kind of good fermented bacterium can reduce needed manpower and loaded down with trivial details maintenance work in the fermentation bed use procedure.
It is very obvious that fermentation bed to raise pig is taked its advantage of fermentation bed in spring, autumn, winter, but arrived hot summer, problem has just occurred, the high temperature that the bacterial classification of part deep-litter systems and use continue to produce because of bedding and padding causes the pig can't normal life on fermentation bed, even the cement flooring that the part deep-litter systems is taked to build certain area can not effectively solve the problem of aestivating summer.
Summer, fermentation bed to raise pig cooling installation device assembles was supporting:
1. cooling system drips.Make excessive the reaching of the regional bedding and padding moisture that drips suppress this zone and the zymogenic fermentation in neighboring area owing to dripping, affected by megathermal climate, make the larger moisture evaporating area of formation in this zone, moisture evaporates along with ventilation is taken away peripheral heat and reached cooling-down effect.
2. spray cooling system.This cooling system equipment is simple, has certain cooling-down effect, but humidity in house is increased, thereby generally must discontinuous operation.Be aided with air certain flow rate in house during spraying and can improve cooling-down effect.To the mist cooling of the larger pig of body weight, in fact main if it were not for the spraying cooling-air, but the epidermis of the moistening pig of shower nozzle trickle, directly evaporative cooling.
3. curtain-fan cooling system wets.Wet curtain-fan cooling system has been a kind of yielding ability cooling system, is mainly by evaporative cooling, also is aided with aeration-cooling effect.Formed by wet curtain (or wet pad), blower fan, circulation waterway and control device.The Wet-curtain temperature reducing system is fairly obvious at the cooling-down effect in xeothermic area.Than damp-heat area, except the higher number of days of some humidity, this is also a kind of feasible cooling system.The Wet-curtain temperature reducing system both can be arranged on the curtain that wets the vertical wall of one side, and assembling, at the vertical wall of opposite side, makes air stream lateral flow in house.Also the curtain that wets, blower fan respectively can be arranged on the gable of both sides, make air stream longitudinal flow in house.
4. air-conditioning temperature-reducing system.Be present best a kind of cooling measure, shortcoming is that cost is too high,, at the boar link successful of centralized management, can significantly improve the semen quality of boar in summer.
1, pig house design:
A. with pig house exterior wall limewash painted white, to improve albedo and the heat leakage rate of pig house outer surface, thereby reduce solar thermal energy in pig house and the transmission of pig body, the pig house exterior wall is provided with air vent, sprayer unit is set in air vent, can effectively reduces temperature in pig house.
B. adopt the less roof Material of thermal conductivity factor or take the thermal insulation of roof such as many rooms Architectural Construction design.
C. keep the sun off and directly inject pig house.The peripheral plantation of pig house trees, climbing plants or with reed, curtain etc.Can apply the sylvan life natural pig culture method, by the forest tree shade, reach good heatstroke prevention effect.
D. build relatively large window.Adopt French window as far as possible, guarantee to have summer the good wind of sweeping the floor to take away heat.In the pig house building, suitable inlet and outlet is set, utilizes natural wind and action of thermal difference that fresh air is introduced in house, discharge heat unnecessary in house and dirty gas outdoor.
E. floor cooling system.Take underground water as medium, in the natural pig culture method curing of platform or the pig bottom, floor, district that couches of feeding, lay a kind of conduction cooling method of comb, the area that be applicable to underground water source, can dig a well.
F., sea water bath is set.At single-column type natural pig culture method fattening house, the design feedway is whole, to the high hot season in summer, can inject passageway the cold water of 15cm left and right than the low 15-20cm of the platform of feeding (gradient of 3%-5% tilts to passageway, with waterproof, infiltrates bedding and padding), forms sea water bath.After early morning every day feeding, (owing to having promoted the use of automatic trough, general growing and fattening pigs 1 property input feed every day get final product), open door bolt with each swinery hurdle door and hang on north wall, allows pig can free in and out sea water bath and lower the temperature.
G. the cooling in summer device is some water cooling tubes that are arranged in bedding and padding, water cooling tube connects the water cooling tube heat sink of pig house outside, water cooling tube is netted setting, be uniformly distributed in the bedding and padding of fermentation bed, water cooling tube can be the bedding and padding effective temperature-reducing in pig house, water cooling tube also can be designed as the netted setting of stereoscopic multi-layer, can be respectively the bedding and padding cooling of each height.
H. the insertion temperature sensor in bedding and padding, temperature sensor comprises the upper temperature sensor that is arranged in bedding and padding top, the temperature sensor that is positioned at the bedding and padding middle part and the lower temperature sensor that is positioned at the bedding and padding bottom, can measure simultaneously the temperature of each height in bedding and padding, bedding and padding are carried out Real Time Monitoring, temperature exceeding standard, in time lower the temperature.
2. suppress pad material fermentation
A. turn down bedding and padding thickness.Summer, the bedding and padding degree of depth can suitably be turned down, and the generation of lower fermentation bed biological heat is relatively less, and the speed of heat loss is also fast.But need guarantee height more than 50cm, the bedding and padding that general 60cm is dark are proper, and can also avoiding fermenting when both having guaranteed fermentation decomposition fecaluria, too much affect pig gets over the summer to the biological heat of producing.
B. strengthen the regional fermentation of bedding and padding.Fermentation bedding and padding itself have the rule of temperature province distribution, and general surrounding temperature is low, and centre and fecaluria concentration zones temperature are high.Normal season, ight soil is harrowed the bedding and padding regional as far as possible, make its even fermentation.Summer, the bedding and padding management was different, built consciously regional yeasting.Generally do not turn over rake work summer, ight soil evenly need not be scattered, and allows fecaluria discharge area of its self-assembling formation.Because summer temperature is relatively high, fecaluria itself and near zone fermentation efficiency are also quite high.Pile up if any ight soil, can take advantage of a situation and pile up backward or dig on the spot a dell and imbed, other zones are due to the shortage in Nutrious fermented source, and its fermentation efficiency is inhibited and makes the bedding and padding surface nice and cool.
C. make bedding and padding in summer mound.Because its biological heat generation of bedding and padding of different depth is different, so strengthen consciously this rule summer.Bedding and padding are concentrated the discharge area that is deposited in the pig self-assembling formation, formed a bedding and padding mound centered by discharge area, highly can reach 1-1.5m, former discharge area fecaluria is efficiently decomposed.Because of the low not even fermentation of thin bedding and padding district ferment effect, just can and couch in the activity of the middle and lower part on bedding and padding mound with pig, pig can form new discharge area in appropriate location, bedding and padding mound again simultaneously.Through after a while, the discharge area that again the bedding and padding mound is moved to new formation is gone, and sustainable management, get final product over summering like this.
3. strengthen ventilating management
A. on the gable of pig house to strengthen longitudinal ventilation, high temperature air in house is discharged with blower fan and will give up outer nice and cool fresh air and introduce indoorly, pig house is ventilated to playing preferably to be acted on.
B. utilize the chimney suction to ventilate.Introduce traditional chimney principle, at a side or the middle part of pig house, the high chimney of 4-6m with a plurality of airducts is set, according to the requirement of ventilating in house, the air port that opening and closing are different and window, change wind direction, ventilation and wind speed, reached good ventilation effect.
C. machinery is sent into cooling-air.Higher than 25 ℃, aeration-cooling successful variation, when temperature reaches more than 30 ℃, depend merely on ventilation and still can not effectively reduce temperature in house when outside air temperature.So just should consider during high temperature after first air is cooling to send into again pig house.As it is aeration-cooling to utilize underground piping, tunnel etc. to carry out, and the house outer air can be introduced into underground piping, tunnel or natural cave, then enters pig house, the house outer air can be reduced by 3 ℃～5 ℃, and in house, temp. and humidity is lower than 85%.For ensureing the effect of genuine aeration-cooling mode, often need to excavate darker tunnel, how deeply to reach 3～4m, and sufficient length arranged, therefore quantities is larger, and once input is also larger, close to the artificial cooling system, but operating cost is very low, can be used to ready-made tunnels such as abandoned mine well, Natural Caves.
(4) fermentation bed to raise pig cooling installation equipment operational effect research in summer
The pig farm of taking inside the province the fermentation bed to raise pig method is examined or check on the spot, for various cooling installation equipment operational effects, kept a record, watch the active situation of pig,, in conjunction with our company's actual conditions, work out suitable cooling installation equipment.
(1) research and the cost analysis of fermenting bed padding screening and Optimum formulae
Select the principle of bedding and padding.Select bedding and padding that 2 basic demands are arranged: gas permeability and water imbibition.Draw an analogy, using at present maximum bedding and padding raw materials is sawdust and rice husk, and the water imbibition of sawdust is strong especially, and drinking water power is good, and gas permeability is medium, and Thermogenesis is the strongest in the bedding and padding raw material of making fermentation bed commonly used.The water absorbing capacity of rice husk is just very poor by contrast, the content of ashes of rice husk is high, the unit weight of rice husk is smaller, but rice husk has the advantage of a uniqueness, it is exactly its shelly space structure, the dimensional support of this structure can make the certain space of maintenance between the bedding and padding raw material, and this space is very important.If space thoroughly disappears, air just can not enter the main fermentation layer of bedding and padding.Fermentation bed just can't be carried out fermentation work, and the fecaluria of pig can not be degraded.Someone says that fermentation bed can use 10 years, 20 years, because everybody expects to reduce the cost of manufacture of fermentation bed, the expectation fermentation bed can be used for a long time.But the reality that can't avoid is: in the fermentation bed to raise pig process, the bedding and padding on fermentation bed are along with the degraded of biology, and the particle diameter of bedding and padding becomes more and more less, and hard lignin contained in bedding and padding also is degraded by microorganisms.Add trampling for a long time of pig, the space structure of fermenting bed padding raw material is destroyed more and more serious.This just caused at fermentation bed to raise pig after operation a period of time, and the bedding and padding that fermentation bed is used more and more easily harden, and more and more finer and close, gas permeability sternly descends.Owing to not having enough air to enter the main fermentation layer of bedding and padding, the degraded operating efficiency of pig manure urine will become more and more lower.At present, people mainly strengthen air and enter the chance of bedding and padding by adopting more and more continually manpower to stir bedding and padding on fermentation bed, and fermentation is maintained.Except above-mentioned 2 basic demands, also to, according to local circumstance, select most economical bedding and padding.Due to the difference of various places proportion of crop planting, the bedding and padding cost of various places fermentation bed also can vary, and can not select the bedding and padding raw material of same pattern stereotypedly.It is at all inundue that the price of some places sawdust is described with sky-high price, and the other raw material is very cheap, not even with spending.Only have according to bedding and padding and select principle, add the local price of bedding and padding, can successfully grasp the selection technology of bedding and padding, also can guarantee veritably the economic benefit of fermentation bed to raise pig.
Principles of formulation design.Take inert raw material as main.The inertia size sequence of various raw materials is: wood sawdust＞peanut shell＞rice chaff＞rice straw powder＞other stalk meal, the raw material that inertia is larger, will add some points nutrition at interior (as rice bran or wheat bran, corn flour), not so, all with inert raw material such as wood sawdust, nonnutritive interior, the heat production of can't fermenting.Here be noted that: 1. what of water the control of moisture will add according to the dried wet decision of bedding and padding, want first bacterium liquid to be added in water and to dilute, then mixing in bedding and padding, bacterium fluid cushion material is mixed, after bedding and padding mix, moisture does not reach 50%, can also add clear water again.2. bedding and padding will be piled up fermentation in 3～5 days after mixing, and can spread out afterwards, do not have the friend in place directly to pad into, the surperficial sawdust of wanting after 5 centimetres, place mat, and 3～5 days afterwards just can above pig.3. exist very fewly as the organic matter of bedding and padding the insides, just started pig bed internal temperature not high, along with increasing of swine excrement, organic increasing, the temperature of pig bed the inside will rise.4. formula is to carry out proportioning according to the thickness of fermentation bed, if increase thickness, other amount will increase thereupon.
(2) affect the factorial analysis of fermentation bed cultivation effect
Moisture: the fermentation bed surface can not be too dry, certain humidity is conducive to microbial reproduction, if too drying also may cause pig generation respiratory disease, can regularly at bed surface, spray probio and enlarge liquid, in bedding and padding, same the setting spilt probio expansion liquid pipeline, and probio expansion liquid pipeline is netted to be located in bedding and padding, and probio enlarges liquid pipeline and is provided with some spray holes, probio makes in bedding and padding all fully breedings of microorganism everywhere, makes the fermentation bed fermentation fully.Bed surface humidity must be controlled at 60% left and right, and excess moisture should be opened ventilating opening and regulate humidity, crosses wet end and divides timely removing.
The pH value: according to the microbial inoculum of different formulations, the pH value of best life condition is different, and the pH value of testing fermentation bed every day is conducive to growth of microorganism in fermentation bed, is conducive to ight soil and processes.
Gas porosity:, according to the anaerobic bacteria in various microbial inoculums and aerobic bacteria ratio, need the number of times of scarifying fermentation bed or compacting fermentation bed different.Could effectively utilize the microbiological treatment ight soil of fermentation bed and the nursing of pig like this.
Sanitary index: the pathogenic bacteria in the periodic inspection fermentation bed, bacteriotoxin prevent that pig from having harmful mycelia.It is ill that fermenting bed padding factors such as ability reduction of killing pathogenic bacteria and parasitic ovum after repeatedly utilizing all can bring out pig, therefore also needs fixed time testing parasite and worm's ovum thereof.
(3) fermentation bed maintenance technology research
The purpose of fermentation bed maintenance is mainly two aspects, the one, keep the normal microecological balance of fermentation bed, and make the beneficial microbe colony status of having the advantage all the time, suppress the breeding of pathogenic microorganism and the generation of disease, for growing of pig provides healthy ecotope; The 2nd, guarantee that fermentation bed maintains higher level all the time to the digest and decompose ability of pig manure urine, simultaneously, for the growth of live pig provides a comfortable environment.Permeability management, moisture adjusting, bedding and padding that the fermentation bed maintenance is mainly concerned with bedding and padding supplement, dredge the soil pipe reason, mend a plurality of links such as bacterium, bedding and padding renewal.
1. bedding and padding permeability nursing.The long-term suitable permeability of bedding and padding that keeps, namely the oxygen content in bedding and padding maintains normal level all the time, is one of key factor of the higher fecaluria capacity of decomposition of fermentation bed maintenance, is also simultaneously to suppress the sex pheromone breeding, reduces the pathogenetic important means of disease.Usually easier mode is often stirred bedding and padding (turning over once in 3-4 days) exactly, stir degree of depth child care pig and be 15～20 centimetres, be bred as 25～35 centimetres of pigs, usually can bedding and padding be turned over even in conjunction with thin excrement or moisturizing, (50～60 days) will be stirred bedding and padding 1 time thoroughly in addition at set intervals, and padding layer will be mixed up and down.
2. moisture is regulated.Volatilization naturally due to bedding and padding moisture in fermentation bed, the bedding and padding moisture can reduce gradually, but after bedding and padding moisture drops to certain level, the breeding of microorganism will be obstructed or stop, regularly or look in good time the keeping the skin wet of bedding and padding water regime, to keep the bedding and padding microorganism normally to breed, keep another key factor of bedding and padding fecaluria capacity of decomposition, the moisture that bedding and padding are suitable, because of the difference of season or air humidity slightly variant, conventional water supplementing method can adopt and add the wet spray moisturizing, also can moisturizing when mending bacterium.Bedding and padding in normal use the, its centre should be without ammonia flavor, humidity in 50% left and right (hold not agglomerating, spread out namely loose), temperature is at 45 ℃～55 ℃, pH value 7～8.Otherwise the pad material fermentation effect is undesired, wet when show ammonia and distinguishing the flavor of when cause bedding and padding to cross because of other reason, can suitably add the bedding and padding raw material of doing (as sawdust etc.) and the auxiliary gas permeability raw material (as rice husk etc.) that adds of good hygroscopicity, after pig is delivered for sale, can add appropriate rice husk and pile up again, adjust moisture and pH value.
3. dredge the excrement nursing.Has the characteristic of concentrating fixed point excretion fecaluria due to live pig, so there will be the fecaluria skewness on fermentation bed, the local high humidity that fecaluria is concentrated, digest and decompose speed is slow, only have fecaluria is disperseed to dispense on bedding and padding and (namely dredge the soil pipe reason), and with bedding and padding, mix, could keep the uniformity of fermentation bed moisture, and can be in the short period of time that the fecaluria digest and decompose is clean.Usually the child care pig can carry out thin soil pipe reason in 2～3 days 1 time, in large pig should carry out thin soil pipe reason in every 1～2 day 1 time.All will carry out burying of ight soil every day in summer, and fresh ight soil is buried below 20 centimetres, avoids giving birth to fly maggot.
4. mend bacterium.Regular replenishment bacterium liquid is to safeguard the normal microecological balance of fermentation bed, keeps the important means of its fecaluria last decomposition ability.Supplementary bacterium is preferably accomplished 1 time weekly, presses 1:50～100 a times dilution and sprays, while turn over 20 centimetres of pig beds, sprays.Mending bacterium can and dredge the soil pipe reason and carry out in conjunction with the moisture adjusting.
5. bedding and padding supplement and upgrade.Whether fermenting bed padding needs to upgrade, can judge by the following method: move on high temperature section---the common maximum temperature section of the fermenting bed padding middle part section on the lower side that should be positioned at a body, child care pig fermentation bed is that downward 20～30 centimeters, incubation pig fermentation bed are downward 40～60 centimeters, if daily by the operational procedure maintenance, high temperature section is still to the fermentation bed surface displacement, and just explanation needs to have upgraded fermenting bed padding.Can be mixed at the little bedding and padding of increasing content of organics, such as sawdust.
The fermentation bed moisture holding capacity weakens, and bedding and padding moisture from top to bottom progressively increase.When bedding and padding reach service life, weaken for the carbon ability, the fecaluria decomposition rate slows down, and moisture can not volatilize by the high heat that fermentation produces, and infiltration, and speed is downwards accelerated gradually, and bedding and padding should upgrade in time after this batch pig is delivered for sale.
It should be noted that finally: these are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention; be not limited to the present invention; although with reference to embodiment, the present invention is had been described in detail; for a person skilled in the art; it still can be modified to the technical scheme that aforementioned each embodiment puts down in writing; perhaps part technical characterictic wherein is equal to replacement; but within the spirit and principles in the present invention all; any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within protection scope of the present invention all should be included in.
Claims (10)
1. one kind based on biological fermentation bed pig-breeding method in summer, it is characterized in that, comprises biological fermentation bed and the cooling in summer device,
Described biological fermentation bed comprising,
A, bedding and padding raw material, described bedding and padding raw material comprise one or more the mixing wherein of wood sawdust, peanut shell, rice chaff, rice straw powder and stalk meal;
One or more the mixing wherein of B, nutrient raw material, rice bran, wheat bran or corn flour;
C, activated spawn, adopt natural type bacterial classification, compound bacterial classification or aerobic type bacterial classification, and described natural type bacterial classification is field acquisition, and described compound bacterial classification is composited by aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria.
2. according to claim 1 a kind ofly based on biological fermentation bed pig-breeding method, it is characterized in that, described pig house exterior wall limewash painted white, described pig house exterior wall is provided with air vent, in described air vent, sprayer unit is set.
3. according to claim 1 a kind ofly based on biological fermentation bed pig-breeding method, it is characterized in that, described bedding and padding are concentrated the discharge area that is deposited in the live pig self-assembling formation, form a bedding and padding mound centered by discharge area, highly reach 1-1.5m.
4. according to claim 1 a kind ofly based on biological fermentation bed pig-breeding method, it is characterized in that, described bedding and padding humidity is 50%, and temperature is at 45 ℃～55 ℃, pH value 7～8.
5. according to claim 1 to 4 any one described a kind ofly based on biological fermentation bed pig-breeding method, it is characterized in that, described cooling in summer device is some water cooling tubes that are arranged in described bedding and padding, and described water cooling tube is netted setting.
6. according to claim 1 a kind ofly based on biological fermentation bed pig-breeding method, it is characterized in that, bedding and padding will be piled up fermentation in 3～5 days after mixing, and spread out afterwards, the surperficial wood sawdust of wanting place mat 5 cm thicks, and 3～5 days afterwards just can above pig.
7. according to claim 1 a kind ofly based on biological fermentation bed pig-breeding method, it is characterized in that, regularly carry out activated spawn and supplement, 1 time weekly, press 1:50～100 times dilution sprinkling, Yi Bian turn over 20 centimetres, bedding and padding, Yi Bian spray.
8. according to claim 1 a kind of based on biological fermentation bed pig-breeding method, it is characterized in that, need to enlarge liquid bedding and padding surface sprinkling probio, probio is set in described bedding and padding enlarges liquid pipeline, described probio expansion liquid pipeline is netted to be located in described bedding and padding, and described probio enlarges liquid pipeline and is provided with some spray holes.
9. according to claim 1 a kind of based on biological fermentation bed pig-breeding method, it is characterized in that, described bedding and padding 3-4 days stirs once, stir degree of depth child care pig and be 15～20 centimetres, be bred as 25～35 centimetres of pigs, bedding and padding are turned over even in conjunction with thin excrement or moisturizing, to bedding and padding be stirred 1 time thoroughly every 50～60 days, and padding layer to be mixed up and down, the child care pig can carry out 1 time thin excrement in 2～3 days, be bred as pig and should carry out 1 time thin excrement in every 1～2 day, all will carry out burying of ight soil every day in summer, and fresh ight soil is buried below 20 centimetres.
10. according to claim 1 a kind of based on biological fermentation bed pig-breeding method, it is characterized in that, also comprise the temperature sensor that inserts in bedding and padding, described temperature sensor comprises the upper temperature sensor that is arranged in described bedding and padding top, the temperature sensor that is positioned at described bedding and padding middle part and the lower temperature sensor that is positioned at described bedding and padding bottom.
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| CN105393982A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-16 | 四川省巴中市向往科技开发有限公司 | Microbial fermentation bed pig raising method |
| CN107410185A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-12-01 | 农元荣 | The cultural method of selenium-rich mutton sheep |
| CN107223575A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-10-03 | 怀宁县牧之金畜禽实业有限责任公司 | A kind of manufacture method of harmless boilogical fermentation cultivating live pig pig house |
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