CN104012305B - Improvement quality improves Chinese scholartree breeding and the grafting method of fruit bearing rate - Google Patents
Improvement quality improves Chinese scholartree breeding and the grafting method of fruit bearing rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN104012305B CN104012305B CN201410270835.9A CN201410270835A CN104012305B CN 104012305 B CN104012305 B CN 104012305B CN 201410270835 A CN201410270835 A CN 201410270835A CN 104012305 B CN104012305 B CN 104012305B
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of quality that improves and improves the Chinese scholartree breeding of fruit bearing rate and grafting method, belongs to Chinese scholartree breeding and grafting production technical field, mainly comprises the following steps: A, select precocious Hunan Chinese scholartree; B, folding flower branch; C, select the greenery phase long to leaf Chinese scholartree; The florescence of D, adjustment two kinds of Chinese scholartrees; E, get precocious Hunan sophora flower powder; F, injection pollen liquid; G, leave and take seed; H, sowing; I, grafting.The Chinese scholartree New shoot growth of this method grafting is fast, and the florescence, early tree body resistance against diseases was strong, spends many fruits many, sophora bud output is high, quality better.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Chinese scholartree breeding and grafting method, particularly a kind of quality that improves improves the Chinese scholartree breeding of fruit bearing rate and grafting method and vegetable cultivation method thereof.
Background technology
Common Chinese scholartree 6-8 month blooms, and in evening at florescence, sapling will grow 15-20 and just can yield positive results, and starts fallen leaves about October, and when winter, tree vigo(u)r is withered, and the sophora bud tied yields poorly, and be 20-30 kg/acre, Quantitative Determination of Rudin in Flos Sophorae is low, and price is low.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide Chinese scholartree breeding and grafting method that a kind of improvement quality improves fruit bearing rate, adopt the Chinese scholartree New shoot growth of the method grafting fast, the florescence, early tree body resistance against diseases was strong, spends many fruits many, sophora bud output is high, quality better.
The present invention proposes a kind of Chinese scholartree breeding and the grafting method of improveing quality raising fruit bearing rate, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A, select precocious Hunan Chinese scholartree: pick out bloom mid-June, sapling grows the precocious Hunan Chinese scholartree that just can yield positive results for 2 to three years, its flower string is full, the wounded flower bud of institute is large and closely knit;
B, folding flower branch: by described precocious Hunan Chinese scholartree hang with the flower twig clippers of bud under, control spray length 300-500 mm, being placed on by the spray that most root is folded down is equipped with in the uncovered vase of clear water, spray root is submerged into clear water 30-40 mm, put it into again in the isoperibol of temperature 5-12 DEG C and preserve, postpone its flowering time;
C, select greenery phase long gold leaf Chinese scholartree: select and bloom the annual 8-9 month, winter does not fall leaves, and the gold leaf Chinese scholartree of just falling leaves when spring grows sprouting, observes its florescence;
At the florescence of D, adjustment two kinds of Chinese scholartrees: when described gold leaf Chinese scholartree grows bud, the precocious Hunan sophora flower branch preserved is taken out under being placed in nature normal temperature, make gold leaf sophora flower flower bud, precocious Hunan sophora flower branch bud blooms substantially simultaneously in the isoperibol of temperature 5-12 DEG C;
E, get precocious Hunan sophora flower powder: the open-top receptacle filling distilled water with, be placed in the below of flower string on precocious Hunan sophora flower branch in full bloom, shake spray, its male core pollen is made to fall into open-top receptacle, after a certain amount of pollen of collection, jog open-top receptacle, makes pollen mix with distilled water;
F, injection pollen liquid: with high pressure mist rifle, the precocious Hunan Chinese scholartree pollen liquid mixed is sprayed to gold leaf sophora flower core, this high-pressure fog has enough high pressure energies to penetrate colored core wall, hydrojet is sent in the column cap of gyneceum;
G, leave and take seed: by sprayed the gold leaf sophora flower piece of precocious Hunan Chinese scholartree pollen liquid tie sophora bud fruit under, get seed and dry rear preservation.；
H, sowing: 2-March of next year, the 3rd year 2-March, seed grew up to the high sapling of about 2m, was cut by the ￠ 4-10mm branch on sapling, branch was cut into the branch section of 20-100mm, for subsequent use as scion by left and taken planting seed and maintenance;
I, grafting: the trunk of the ￠ 10-20mm of the sapling of common Chinese scholartree life in 1 year or the perennial 1-2 raw ￠ 10-40mm shoot growing up to tree are sheared and chops off as stock, by scion grafting on stock.
Preferably, described F sprays in pollen liquid step, with the high pressure mist rifle of 25-35MPa, from the place to leaf Chinese scholartree about distance 15-20cm in full bloom, the precocious Hunan Chinese scholartree pollen liquid mixed is sprayed to gold leaf sophora flower core.
Described A selects in the Chinese scholartree step of precocious Hunan, and precocious Hunan Chinese scholartree is bloom June, just start the 8-9 month fall leaves Hunan south area growth to leaf Chinese scholartree.
In I grafting step, the trunk of the ￠ 10-20mm of the sapling of life in 1 year is decaptitated and blocks, decaptitating, the dark opening formation stock of 20-30mm is longitudinally split in the trunk upper end stayed, stock socket is inserted after being cut sth. askew in " V " type the scion hypomere both sides of ￠ 4-10mm, cut sth. askew highly for 20-30mm, scion and stock at least bundle after the bark of side and interior wooden alignment.
In I grafting step, the Chinese scholartree 1-2 grown into raw ￠ 10-40mm shoot is decaptitated and blocks, stay shoot truncated end bark and interior wooden between strip off form one or more socket, ￠ 4-10mm scion hypomere is cut a large inclined-plane, insert stock socket, scion and stock at least bundle after the bark of side and interior wooden alignment.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: with the Chinese scholartree shoot after this method grafting, graft survival rate is up to 95%, not easily mutation, nursery stock grows up vigorous, vegetative period is early ripe, yield positive results early, disease-resistant cold tolerance is strong, winter does not fall leaves, obviously want branches and leaves flouring a lot of than common Chinese scholartree during winter, within about 2 years, carry and can grow up to 2-4m length, 2-3 can be yielded positive results, and the florescence is annual June, than common spire Chinese scholartree, 2-3 month to be shifted to an earlier date to the leaf sophora flower phase, and flower, particle drum rice is even, sophora bud output is high, calculate with 0.07 hectare kind 60 Chinese scholartrees, per mu yield reaches 200-300 kilogram, sophora bud rutin content is 16%, because adopt scion of the present invention, Fineness gene and the hereditary factor of two kinds of Chinese scholartrees are gathered, the various circle of bud that branch connects after its growth is large, absorb the ability super common Chinese scholartree bud far away of nutrition, thus sophora bud rutin content is high, and the per mu yield of common Chinese scholartree is 20-30 kilogram, sophora bud rutin content is 8%, therefore adopt the sophora bud that Chinese scholartree produces after grafting of the present invention far above the common sophora bud, its market price be 90-100 unit/kilogram, and common sophora bud price is 50 yuan/kilogram, high financial profit, the tree body of grafting Chinese scholartree is shorter, plucks the sophora bud easy, the present invention is by after the pollen collecting of maturing stage precocious Hunan Chinese scholartree early, the mode of artificial pollination is adopted pollen to be imported column cap, the ovary of the gold leaf Chinese scholartree of greenery phase length, make development of fertilized ova become the new individuality of both combinations protogene, after the seed seedling-raising obtained after its result, growth is fast, Ye Jing is sturdy, and the various circle of bud is large, produce vigorous, the growth and maturity phase, early seed is maternal as transplanting, and grafting was on common Chinese scholartree, obviously can improve the quality of Chinese scholartree, tie that sophora bud output is high, quality good.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
The present embodiment comprises the following steps:
A, select precocious Hunan Chinese scholartree: pick out bloom mid-June, sapling grows the precocious Hunan Chinese scholartree that just can yield positive results for 2 to three years, its flower string is full, the wounded flower bud of institute is large and closely knit;
B, folding flower branch: by described precocious Hunan Chinese scholartree hang with the flower twig clippers of bud under, control spray length 300-500 mm, being placed on by the spray that most root is folded down is equipped with in the uncovered vase of clear water, spray root is submerged into clear water 30-40 mm, put it into again in the isoperibol of temperature 5-12 DEG C and preserve, postpone its flowering time;
C, select greenery phase long gold leaf Chinese scholartree: select and bloom the annual 8-9 month, winter does not fall leaves, and the gold leaf Chinese scholartree of just falling leaves when spring grows sprouting, observes its florescence;
At the florescence of D, adjustment two kinds of Chinese scholartrees: when described gold leaf Chinese scholartree grows bud, the precocious Hunan sophora flower branch preserved is taken out under being placed in nature normal temperature, make gold leaf sophora flower flower bud, precocious Hunan sophora flower branch bud blooms substantially simultaneously in the isoperibol of temperature 5-12 DEG C;
E, get precocious Hunan sophora flower powder: the open-top receptacle filling distilled water with, be placed in the below of flower string on precocious Hunan sophora flower branch in full bloom, shake spray, its male core pollen is made to fall into open-top receptacle, after a certain amount of pollen of collection, jog open-top receptacle, makes pollen mix with distilled water;
F, injection pollen liquid: the precocious Hunan Chinese scholartree pollen liquid mixed is sprayed to gold leaf sophora flower core with high pressure mist rifle, this high-pressure fog has enough high pressure energies to penetrate colored core wall, hydrojet is sent in the column cap of gyneceum, namely the high pressure mist rifle of 25-35MPa is used, from the place to leaf Chinese scholartree about distance 15-20cm in full bloom, the precocious Hunan Chinese scholartree pollen liquid mixed is sprayed to gold leaf sophora flower core.；
G, leave and take seed: by sprayed the gold leaf sophora flower piece of precocious Hunan Chinese scholartree pollen liquid tie sophora bud fruit under, get seed and dry rear preservation.；
H, sowing: 2-March of next year, the 3rd year 2-March, seed grew up to the high sapling of about 2m, was cut by the ￠ 4-10mm branch on sapling, branch was cut into the branch section of 20-100mm, for subsequent use as scion by left and taken planting seed and maintenance;
I, grafting: the trunk of the ￠ 10-20mm of the sapling of common Chinese scholartree life in 1 year is sheared and chops off as stock, by scion grafting on stock.
Precocious Hunan Chinese scholartree in described " A selects precocious Hunan Chinese scholartree " step is bloom June, just start the 8-9 month south, the Hunan area growth of falling leaves to leaf Chinese scholartree, this is relatively given birth to along stem the leaf of leaf Chinese scholartree, and the leaf width of blade is wider, and blade is dark green.Gold leaf Chinese scholartree in step C is also a kind of Chinese scholartree of south, Hunan area growth, blade is also relatively give birth to along stem, the leaf width of its blade is narrower, blade is little and elongated, and leaf color is yellow green, and it has two kinds, one opens once flower at the annual 5-6 month, another kind opens secondary flower every year, namely opening first time flower the 5-6 month, opening second time flower the 8-9 month respectively, the gold leaf Chinese scholartree of what the present invention selected open secondary flower.Common Chinese scholartree in " I, grafting " refers to, in the Chinese scholartree of Hunan growth, not limit kind.
In I grafting step, in the annual 2-3 month, the trunk of the ￠ 10-20mm of the sapling of life in 1 year is decaptitated and blocks, decaptitating, the dark opening formation stock of 20-25mm is longitudinally split in the trunk upper end stayed, stock socket is inserted after being cut sth. askew in " V " type the scion hypomere both sides of ￠ 4-10mm, cut sth. askew highly for 20-25mm, scion and stock at least bundle after the bark of side and interior wooden alignment.
Embodiment two
The present embodiment is substantially identical with embodiment one, difference is that in I grafting step, selected stock is the 1-2 raw ￠ 10-40mm shoot growing up to Chinese scholartree, in the annual 8-9 month, the 1-2 raw ￠ 10-40mm shoot growing up to Chinese scholartree is decaptitated and blocks, stay shoot truncated end bark and interior wooden between strip off form one or more socket, ￠ 4-10mm scion hypomere is cut a large inclined-plane, inserts stock socket, scion and stock at least bundle after the bark of side and interior wooden alignment.As stock is thicker, opening two sockets can be symmetrical arranged, and opens three sockets and can be arranged on stock circumference equably.
Concrete mode can adopt cortex grafting or T-shaped bud grafting.Cortex grafting refers to the truncation surface scabbled at stock, descends cutter to cut socket vertically downward, requires that the edge of a knife follows the width of the large bevel of scion identical, the degree of depth of lower cutter and the similar length on the large inclined-plane of scion, then the crust of the thinner part of cutting is opened gently, put in grafting knife, cut sth. askew towards stock central part in kerf bottom, shave except this part thinner xylem, the scion of cutting inserted rapidly, large bevel is towards the xylem of stock, and both sides form layer alignment, as width is different, alignment side is good.T-shaped bud grafting is horizontal partial application, be about 1 centimetre, the degree of depth is to cut off stock cortex for degree, again from the middle partial application downward vertically of horizontal mouth, be about 1 ~ 1.2 centimetre, be cut into "T"-shaped, then choose out stock cortex with budding knife bone handle, to inject scion, this scion is whittled into the peltate bud sheet that a bottom wide at the top and narrow at the bottom is large inclined-plane.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every equivalent structure transformation utilizing description of the present invention to do, or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. improve Chinese scholartree breeding and a grafting method that quality improves fruit bearing rate, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
A, select precocious Hunan Chinese scholartree: pick out bloom mid-June, sapling grows the precocious Hunan Chinese scholartree that just can yield positive results for 2 to three years, its flower string is full, the wounded flower bud of institute is large and closely knit;
B, folding flower branch: by described precocious Hunan Chinese scholartree hang with the flower twig clippers of bud under, control spray length 300-500 mm, being placed on by the spray that most root is folded down is equipped with in the uncovered vase of clear water, spray root is submerged into clear water 30-40 mm, put it into again in the isoperibol of temperature 5-12 DEG C and preserve, postpone its flowering time;
C, select greenery phase long gold leaf Chinese scholartree: select and bloom the annual 8-9 month, winter does not fall leaves, and the gold leaf Chinese scholartree of just falling leaves when spring grows sprouting, observes its florescence;
At the florescence of D, adjustment two kinds of Chinese scholartrees: when described gold leaf Chinese scholartree grows bud, the precocious Hunan sophora flower branch preserved is taken out under being placed in nature normal temperature, make gold leaf sophora flower flower bud, precocious Hunan sophora flower branch bud blooms substantially simultaneously in the isoperibol of temperature 5-12 DEG C;
E, get precocious Hunan Chinese scholartree stamen pollen: the open-top receptacle filling distilled water with, be placed in the below of flower string on precocious Hunan sophora flower branch in full bloom, shake spray, its stamen pollen is made to fall into open-top receptacle, after a certain amount of stamen pollen of collection, jog open-top receptacle, makes stamen pollen mix with distilled water;
F, injection pollen liquid: with high pressure mist rifle, the precocious Hunan Chinese scholartree stamen pollen liquid mixed is sprayed to gold leaf sophora flower stamen, this high-pressure fog has enough high pressure energies to penetrate pistil wall, hydrojet is sent in the column cap of gynoecium, ovary;
G, leave and take seed: by sprayed the gold leaf sophora flower piece of precocious Hunan Chinese scholartree stamen pollen liquid tie sophora bud fruit under, get seed and dry rear preservation;
H, sowing: 2-March of next year, the 3rd year 2-March, seed grew up to the high sapling of about 2m, was cut by the ￠ 4-10mm branch on sapling, branch was cut into the branch section of 20-100mm, for subsequent use as scion by left and taken planting seed and maintenance;
I, grafting: the trunk of the ￠ 10-20mm of the sapling of common Chinese scholartree life in 1 year or the perennial 1-2 raw ￠ 10-40mm shoot growing up to tree are sheared and chops off as stock, by scion grafting on stock.
2. improvement quality according to claim 1 improves Chinese scholartree breeding and the grafting method of fruit bearing rate, it is characterized in that, in described F, injection pollen liquid step, with the high pressure mist rifle of 25-35MPa, from the place to leaf Chinese scholartree distance 15-20cm in full bloom, the precocious Hunan Chinese scholartree stamen pollen liquid mixed is sprayed to gold leaf sophora flower stamen.
3. improvement quality according to claim 2 improves Chinese scholartree breeding and the grafting method of fruit bearing rate, it is characterized in that, described A, selects in the Chinese scholartree step of precocious Hunan, and precocious Hunan Chinese scholartree is bloom June, just start the 8-9 month south, the Hunan area growth of falling leaves to leaf Chinese scholartree.
4. improvement quality according to claim 2 improves Chinese scholartree breeding and the grafting method of fruit bearing rate, it is characterized in that, in I, grafting step, the trunk of the ￠ 10-20mm of the sapling of life in 1 year is decaptitated and blocks, decaptitating, the dark opening formation stock of 20-25mm is longitudinally split in the trunk upper end stayed, insert stock socket after being cut sth. askew in " V " type the scion hypomere both sides of ￠ 4-10mm, cutting sth. askew is highly 20-25mm, and scion and stock at least bundle after the bark of side and interior wooden alignment.
5. improvement quality according to claim 2 improves Chinese scholartree breeding and the grafting method of fruit bearing rate, it is characterized in that, in I, grafting step, the Chinese scholartree 1-2 grown into raw ￠ 10-40mm shoot is decaptitated and blocks, stay shoot truncated end bark and interior wooden between strip off form one or more socket, ￠ 4-10mm scion hypomere is cut a large inclined-plane, inserts stock socket, scion and stock at least bundle after the bark of side and interior wooden alignment.
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| CN106134693A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2016-11-23 | 重庆淦森生态农业开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Sophora japonica L. |
| CN106258711A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2017-01-04 | 北京林业大学 | The Cultivating techniques of Sophora japonica L. layering grafting Chinese pagoda tree gold branch gold leaf Chinese pagoda tree intention tree |
| CN105359848A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-03-02 | 青岛百瑞吉生物工程有限公司 | Grafting method capable of increasing fruiting rate of styphnolobium japonicum |
| CN107278777B (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2020-01-03 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Cultivation method for promoting secondary blossoming of sophora japonica |
| CN109479655A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-03-19 | 石家庄市农林科学研究院 | A kind of shallot breeding method |
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| CN102805008A (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2012-12-05 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | Ulmus pumila and sophora japonica grafting sealing method |
| CN103039276A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-04-17 | 袁红 | Process of taking Chinese scholar tree as rootstock to graft Chinese pagoda tree |
| CN103053346A (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2013-04-24 | 河南省木本饲料工程技术研究中心 | Micrografting method for tetraploid acacia |
| CN103563735B (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2015-10-14 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of robinia pseudoacacia cross-pollination isolation device |
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