CN103964776A - 防火砂浆 - Google Patents
防火砂浆 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103964776A CN103964776A CN201410042301.0A CN201410042301A CN103964776A CN 103964776 A CN103964776 A CN 103964776A CN 201410042301 A CN201410042301 A CN 201410042301A CN 103964776 A CN103964776 A CN 103964776A
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- YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxosilane oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[K+].[K+].O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5025—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with ceramic materials
- C04B41/5027—Oxide ceramics in general; Specific oxide ceramics not covered by C04B41/5029 - C04B41/5051
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- C04B28/021—Ash cements, e.g. fly ash cements ; Cements based on incineration residues, e.g. alkali-activated slags from waste incineration ; Kiln dust cements
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- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
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- C04B40/0064—Processes of the Magnini or Hatscheck type
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/4596—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with fibrous materials or whiskers
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
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Abstract
一种用于制备防火砂浆的组合物,包含45至70重量%的水泥结合料,8至20重量%的方解石,8至20重量%的云母,0至5重量%的硬硅钙石,0.1至20重量%的膨胀珍珠岩,0.1至10重量%的纤维,0.01至2重量%的引气剂和发泡剂,0.01至2重量%的加工助剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及防火砂浆及其在防火中的应用。
背景技术
在荷兰,Rf RWS火灾曲线被用于隧道防火。它建立在实际发生的由隧道中的油罐车引发的隧道火灾基础上,该火灾可导致严重的混凝土碎列,从而损坏隧道的稳定性。因此隧道的混凝土衬砌必须受到保护,以确保公众的通行和安全。在Rf RWS测试中,火灾曲线在约5min内达到约1200℃,然后在60min内逐渐地渐进地增加到1350℃,随后在120min内缓慢地降至1200℃。对于沉埋式隧道,测试标准允许混凝土表面的最高温度(Tmax)达到380℃,并且在混凝土表面以内25mm处至仅250℃。对于钻孔式隧道,Tmax不能超过200-250℃(参见Both等,TNO Centrefor Fire Research;和Tan等,Ministry of Public Works,荷兰)。目前,这一规范在其他国家越来越多地被用作隧道防火标准,例如,在比利时、斯堪的纳维亚半岛国家、韩国以及最近在美国等。Rf HCM条件与Rf RWS曲线类似,在法国适用(图1)。
因此,被用作隧道防火的材料必须能够抵抗热冲击、耐隧道清洗磨损,并且对冻/融侵害不敏感。更佳地,它应当是不含石英的并且是低能耗的,以利于环保低碳。
市场上能获得的只有极少的几个商业喷涂剂能够抵抗这样的Rf RWS条件。它们是保全公司(Promat)的CAFCO FENDOLITE MII、Thermal Ceramics的FireBarrier135以及巴斯夫公司(BASF)的Meyco Fireshield 1350。
MBT控股公司(MBT Holding)的EP 0 986 525公开了一种喷涂组合物,主要包含水泥质的结合料、热处理的贝壳砂和喷涂操作必须的添加剂。该砂浆在市场上可购买到,商品名称Meyco Fireshield 1350,固化后密度约为1500kg/m3。这一材料能通过Rf RWS的测试,但是需厚度在40到50mm。密度高和厚度大联合起来导致喷涂操作非常困难,特别是当喷涂需要覆盖复杂的轮廓时,例如钢材框架。
热陶瓷公司(Thermal Ceramics)的EP 1 001 000描述了一种喷涂剂,称适用于隧道,它含有在高温下释放烟雾的锯屑。这一材料在市场上的名称为FireBarrier 135。它使用铝酸盐水泥和高岭土,固化后密度约为1100kg/m3,不仅价格贵而且在如此程度的强热下会起皱破裂,想通过Rf RWS测试必须喷涂到38.5mm的厚度,由荷兰TNO火灾实验室测试。
保全公司(Promat)的用于隧道防火的防火材料,在市场上比较有名。保全公司的EP 1 326 811教示了一种防火板,组分为铝酸盐水泥、硬硅钙石、功能性填充料和添加剂。其在Rf RWS条件下表现出了优异的性能,然而它使用大量的铝酸盐水泥作为结合料,原材料的成本和能量损耗非常高。另一方面,CAFCO MII是保全公司的另一款符合Rf RWS条件的的喷涂剂。它主要包括OPC和剥分蛭石(exfoliated vermiculite)。这一防火喷涂剂已在全世界使用,但是优质蛭石的供应越来越困难。已知只有几个蛭石矿是不含石棉的,由于工业开发的结果它们的存量日趋下降,市场价格正在飙升。
CN 101863640 A提供了一种环境友好型隧道用有色耐火涂层,包含如下重量份数的组分:10-50份的水泥,40-90份的膨胀珍珠岩、膨胀蛭石和轻质碳酸钙,1-10份的无机矿物纤维,5-30份的阻燃剂体系,0.1-5.0份的橡胶粉,0.5-3.0份的减水剂、引气剂和发泡剂以及0.5-2.0重量份无机颜料。
下表为上述文本披露的数值范围。取这些范围的均值,总计123.5份,并在最后一列标准化为重量%(wt%)。
CN101863640(A)的平均组分
由此可以确定,归一化至100wt%后的水泥含量在8到40wt%范围内。这一材料能够在高至1100℃下保持稳定。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种防火砂浆,它至少能够克服现有技术中的某些缺陷。
本发明的目的还在于提供一种喷涂剂,包含水性凝结(hydraulic setting)硅酸钙水泥,较佳的为不含蛭石,具有良好的抗冻融性以及固化密度低于1200kg/m3,较佳地在500-1000kg/m3,作为建筑和钢结构的防火涂层。
上述目的通过一种用于制备防火砂浆的组合物来实现,组合物包含:
-45至70重量%的水泥结合料,
-8至20重量%的方解石,
-8至20重量%的云母,
-0至5重量%的硬硅钙石,
-0.1至20重量%的膨胀珍珠岩,
-0.1至10重量%的纤维,
-0.01至2重量%的引气剂和发泡剂(foaming agent),
-0.01至4重量%的加工助剂。
附图说明
图1显示多种不同的防火测试的检测条件。
图2显示根据本发明的材料和对比材料的界面温度(Rf RWS测试)。
图3显示1250℃下进行3小时收缩试验的试验前和试验后的照片。各行为混合物-1、混合物-2和实施例3中的试验-3。左侧样品为收缩试验前,右侧样品为试验后。
具体实施方式
本发明的产品,在制备砂浆并进行喷涂或浇铸固化后具有令人满意的机械性能和良好的抗冻/融性,在完全暴露于EN12467的条件下。一旦处于1250℃以上的火中,水泥、云母和方解石共同反应在一起形成耐火的结晶相,主要含有硅酸三钙(C3S)、硅酸二钙(C2S)和钙铝黄长石(C2AS),其能够在1250-1400℃的温度范围内保持稳定,并能够胜任在Rf RWS条件下的被动防火。它证实了在1200-1400℃范围内的防火测试中,以水泥为基础的填质(matrix)能够成为耐火材料。通常,在如此高温下的耐火特性只能通过以铝酸盐水泥或陶瓷为基础的结合料获得。
根据本发明的固化材料,在70-1250℃范围内能够进行脱水和/或进行分步性反应,从而能够在被保护的基质(substrate)表面一步步地吸收热量并减小热传递和温度上升。
本发明的水泥沾合剂可较佳地选自下组:波特兰水泥(CEM I)、波特兰复合水泥(CEM II)、变晶熔渣水泥(Blastic furnace slag cement)(CEM III)、火山灰水泥(CEM IV)、其他的EN 197-1中的复合水泥(CEM V)及其组合。
因为制造普通波特兰水泥(OPC)的温度要远低于制造铝酸盐水泥的温度,普通波特兰水泥在全世界都有售,相比于使用以铝酸盐水泥为基础的产品,使用OPC能够降低成本、节约能源并且降低CO2排放。
其他的水性凝结水泥,例如铝酸钙水泥和硫铝酸盐水泥,也能够用来替代本发明中的波特兰水泥,但是成本将会升高。
本发明中的方解石包含所有形式的CaCO3及其同质多晶形体(polymorphs),例如霰石和球霰石,它可以是研磨碳酸钙(GCC)或沉淀碳酸钙(PCC),单独使用或组合使用。CaCO3在大约850℃下分解为CaO和CO2。在高温下,相比与空气CO2气体具有较低的导热系数,它能改善热绝缘性。在>1200℃的温度下,CaO与水泥和云母反应形成所需的耐火相。较佳地平均粒径范围可以达到200μm。如果使用已经含有CaCO3的CEM II、CEM III、CEM IV或CEMV,则组合物中方解石的用量需要调整以避免高温反应中产生多余的CaO。
需要强调的是熟石灰或Ca(OH)2不应该在本发明中使用。在水泥水合反应过程中Ca(OH)2促进钙矾石的形成,在高温下钙矾石能够影响最优化组合C2S/C3S/C2AS耐火相的形成,导致防火测试中隔热和/或稳定性的降低。
本发明中的第三组分是云母,例如,选自下组:白云母(muscovite)、金云母(phlogopite)或黑云母(biotite)。在低于1000℃时,云母能够导致较好的机械性能并减少热收缩,在高于1200℃时,它会降解并与水泥和CaO反应形成硅酸三钙、硅酸二钙和钙铝黄长石,从而提供了材料稳定性。在另一方面,这一高温反应也消耗了大量,从而减小从受火端至冷端的热流动。云母用量范围为8-20%,粒径在3mm以下。超出此范围,要么云母表现出没有效果,要么会影响喷涂性能(sprayability)。
在一些实施方式中,组合物中包含硬硅钙石(xonotlite),较佳地,不超过5重量%。
硬硅钙石能够提供高温下的热绝缘性和热稳定性。它是球形粒子由浆态反应器在高压蒸汽条件下制备而得的球状粒子,如EP 1 326 811披露的那样。然而,本发明中,也可以使用针形材料,例如,像制备球形硬硅钙石过程中的副产物。在高温下,硬硅钙石在约800℃下脱水然后转变为硅灰石(wollastonite)。这一脱水反应是一个强吸热过程并且消耗大量能量。形成的硅灰石理论上的熔点在1530℃,除了上述耐火相之外它提供了额外的热稳定性。在本发明中球状硬硅钙石的含量高至重量的5%,以保持低成本和良好的喷涂性能。
膨胀珍珠岩是一种轻质料剂,它成本低且在全世界都能获得。在900℃以下,它降低了喷涂密度同时有助于隔热;在900℃以上,珍珠岩软化并表现的像流体,促进水泥-CaO-云母间的固-固反应形成本发明的耐火相。为了达到最佳的可泵性和喷涂机的使用寿命,较佳地,珍珠岩剂量为1-20%,堆积密度在50-200kg/m3范围内,粒径在6mm以下。
虽然膨胀珍珠岩是一种较佳的轻质填料,也可以使用其他填料,例如,像浮石(pumice)、泡沫玻璃(foamed glass)、电厂粉煤灰制成的中空陶瓷球(hollow ceramic spheres)。也可以使用剥分蛭石,虽然这不是本发明的首选。
该组合物的组分还包括纤维。
本发明中的纤维在原料中具有重要的作用。在喷涂过程中,纤维的存在桥接了其周围的混合物。与触变剂(thixotropic agent)一起作用,它们有效地将湿喷涂保持在恰当的位置,能够容易的获得抹光面(trowel finish)。在固化过程中,纤维有助于降低凝结收缩量(setting shrinkage)并避免源自喷涂的表面裂纹。当固化后,纤维起加固的作用以改善材料耐久性。纤维选自下组:例如PP纤维、PVA纤维、纤维素纤维、玻璃纤维包括耐碱玻璃纤维、岩棉或矿棉、钢纤维等。较佳地纤维用量是0.1至10wt%,纤维长度小于15mm。
当需要的时候,例如,为了较大的厚度,在砂浆的内部可以使用金属网或塑料网使喷涂料和基质之间更好的结合,从而避免老化过程中的材料疲劳。
本发明中含有通常使用的添加剂来促进混合、泵送浆料、喷涂性、调凝(setting regulation)和耐久性。它们选自下组:促凝剂、缓凝剂、超塑化剂、保水剂、触变剂、泵送剂、防水剂和再分散性聚合物(re-dispersiblepolymers),独立或联合使用。可以使用本领域中常用的添加剂,剂量为0.01-4%。
本发明的引气剂和/或发泡剂不仅有助于混合和泵浆,也有助于固化后涂层的抗冻性,通过制造小的毛细管孔来避免冻融循环中的材料损坏,当在水充分饱和条件下暴露于自20℃至-20℃的100个温度变化周期下进行测试时,如EN12467标准中描述的那样。较佳地用量为0.01-2%。
本发明的组合物为粉末混合物。当与水混合时,它会形成防火砂浆。根据具体用途,可以通过添加更多或更少的水来调节砂浆的粘度。
代表性地,干混料和水的比例为30至70wt%的干混料和70至30wt%的水。在喷涂作业中需要添加更多的水,相比于用泥铲制备产品或者用于铸造(casting)中。
本发明进一步的实施方式是一种防火产品,该防火产品通过本发明的防火砂浆在喷涂或铸造后进行性凝固而制得。
一旦固化后,堆积密度在1200kg/m3以下,较佳地在500和1000kg/m3之间。
根据本发明的材料也可以被用作修复或连接砂浆用于填充破坏的或烧坏的材料部分,来确保整体防护区域的相同或相似的功能。
虽然被设计作为水泥质喷涂(cementitious spray),目前的发明也能够被用于生产板材或板条,其通过喷涂或铸造,随后进一步地塑形成单块料,例如,通过滤压法、流浆法和马尼亚尼成型的方法。
本发明的水泥砂浆被设计用于最严苛的防火测试,例如Rf RWS和Rf HCM条件。显然,它也能够耐受低程度的火情,比如Rf RABT、Rf HC和Rf ISO条件,依据EN 1363-1和ISO 834-1的标准,如图1所列。
如下的非限制性实施例,进一步解释了本发明和它的实施方式。
实施例1
测试组合物和测试结果示于表1-2中,均为重量计。
试验-1是根据本发明的;FB 135是市够的产品Fire Barrier 135喷涂。
使用行星式搅拌机(planetary混合物er)将表1中的成分和平衡水混合在一起形成均匀的水泥砂浆,然后使用喷浆机械喷涂到模具內。在20℃下固化28天后,测试关键的与防火相关的特性,例如,密度、抗弯强度和在1250℃下的热收缩。结果示于表2中。热收缩是长度、宽度和厚度的平均值,经把试样置于炉中加热到需要的温度维持3小时测得。在样品冷却到环境条件时测量其度量变化。
根据表2,试验-1(本发明)的热收缩为1%,相对的,FB 135的热收缩为12.5%。在显著地改进热收缩方面,证实本发明(试验1)优于现有技术。在高温下的热收缩是防火测试的关键参数之一。如果它太高,喷涂薄层将会破裂,火会通过破口进入,导致材料崩解和较差的隔热性。
表1:实施例1
表2:测试结果
实施例2
用行星式搅拌机将根据本发明的两个进一步的组合物(试验3、试验4)(见表3)和平衡水混合起来形成均匀的水泥砂浆,然后用喷涂机将其喷涂到顶部的(on ceiling)的150mm厚度的B35混凝土板上,抹平涂层形成具有27.5mm均匀厚度的优良表面。涂层内部不使用金属网。当在20℃下固化28天后,B35混凝土具有35MPa的最小抗压强度。
在20℃下固化40天之后,当砂浆重量变为恒定时,测得涂层的密度和湿度(在105℃下)分别约为850-900kg/m3和7%,示于表4中。
真实条件(full-scale)的Rf RWS测试在如下条件下进行:将顶部的混凝土板和保全公司(Promat)的板(PT-H板)并排放置,厚度为27.5mm。PT-H板以隧道防火著称,它通常通过厚度为27.5mm的RWS测试。此处用它作为基准。
Rf RWS测试(见图2)显示试验-3和试验-4组合物能够在顶部保持稳定,在防火测试的整个过程中甚至在冷却后。测得最高温度(Tmax),5个热电偶(thermal couples)的平均值,PT-H板(参考)为356℃,本发明的试验-3为348℃、试验-4为301℃。从统计学角度来看,试验-3和PT-H板具有相同的隔热性,在相同的27.5mm的厚度下,试验-4能够通过Rf RWS测试。试验-4能够显著的降低Tmax是由于球状硬硅钙石的作用,据估计它能在25mm的厚度下通过Rf RWS测试。
Rf RWS测试后,取下试验-3样品的受火端并用XRD进行分析。XRD定量程序分析出结晶相的硅酸二钙(C2S)16.4%、硅酸三钙(C3S)55.7%、钙铝黄长石(C2AS)12.8%,其他15%。云母、方解石或CaO未检出,证明在高温下它们已全部反应。与市场上传统的涂层相比,这些在原位生成的耐火相使水泥砂浆变成了具有良好热稳定性的耐火固体,使其在≤27.5mm的显著较薄厚度下便能通过Rf RWS测试。
根据EN12467对试验-3进行了冻融测试,把水饱和的样品置于冰箱中,暴露温度在20℃至-20℃范围内进行循环变化,每天4个循环,总计进行100个循环。在测试期间,没有观察到表面剥落(surface scalling)或材料分层(material delamination)。在霜冻测试后,测试了样品的抗弯强度,结果在表5中。结果证明,在冻融循环期间本发明的材料强度并没有损失。
表3:实施例2
表4:Rf RWS测试的结果
表5:抗冻性测试将结果(EN12467)
密度 | 抗变强度 | 热收缩1250℃/3hrs | |
g/cm3 | MPa | % | |
试验3=本发明 | 0.844 | 2.3 | 3.9 |
试验4=本发明 | 0.914 | 2.8 | 1.0 |
表6:机械性能
当硬硅钙石不存在时(试验-3),对于所需用途来说结果已经是较好的,且隔热性优于用在隧道中的用作RWS应用的室内板(in-houseboard)(PROMATECT-H;表6)。
当使用硬硅钙石时,砂浆在隔热性(表4中的最大温度)和热稳定性(表6中1250℃下的热收缩)方面均有改善。硬硅钙石是本发明砂浆的令人满意的组分。
实施例3
实施例3分析了CN101863640A中描述的产品的特性。
参考文献中描述的材料是
-普通波特兰水泥(OPC)
-铝酸钙水泥(CAC)和
-快速凝结的硫铝酸盐水泥(SAC)。
因本发明中使用OPC,在对比试验中也同样使用OPC。
表7描述了根据CN101863640A公开的内容制备的组合物。它们以文件中描述的平均组成为基础。
混合物-1使用了膨胀珍珠岩、剥分蛭石和沉淀碳酸钙(PCC)的组合。
混合物-2仅使用膨胀珍珠岩和沉淀碳酸钙(PCC)没有剥分蛭石。
对比试验 | 混合物-1 | 混合物-2 |
OPC | 24.3 | 24.3 |
玻璃纤维 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
膨胀珍珠岩0-2mm | 17.6 | 35.1 |
剥脱蛭石0-2mm | 17.6 | 0.0 |
碳酸钙,D50=3μm | 17.6 | 17.6 |
Al(OH)3 | 14.2 | 14.2 |
胶凝剂(gelling agent) | 2.0 | 2.0 |
发泡/塑化剂 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
颜料,Fe2O3 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
总计 | 100.1 | 100.0 |
表7:对比试验
制备产品并在20℃下固化28天。
表8比较了这些材料和实施例2试验-3的材料的密度和抗弯强度和热收缩。
密度 | 弯曲强度 | 热收缩在1250℃ | |
g/cm3 | Mpa | % | |
混合物-1 | 0.774 | 1.2 | 28.8 |
混合物-2 | 0.665 | 1.0 | 熔化 |
试验-3=本发明 | 0.844 | 2.3 | 3.9 |
表8:对比试验结果
图3显示了经过防火测试后的材料照片。
根据参考文献,本产品必需能够耐受烃类火灾的温度。这些测试条件要求耐1100℃,即低于RWS防火曲线(见图1)。混合物-1和混合物-2不能够耐受RWS防火测试。
本文中提及的所有文献均以引用的方式全文录入以作参考,且该录入内容与本发明的明确教导并无不一致。
Claims (15)
1.一种用于制备防火砂浆的组合物,包含:
-45至70重量%的水泥结合料,
-8至20重量%的方解石,
-8至20重量%的云母,
-0至5重量%的硬硅钙石,
-0.1至20重量%的膨胀珍珠岩,
-0.1至10重量%的纤维,
-0.01至2重量%的引气剂和发泡剂,
-0.01至4重量%的加工助剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述水泥结合料选自下组:
波特兰水泥(CEM I)、波特兰复合水泥(CEM II)、变晶熔渣水泥(CEM III)、火山灰水泥(CEM IV)、其他复合水泥(CEM V)及其组合。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中所述水泥结合料包括铝酸钙水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥及其组合。
4.如权利要求1至3所述的组合物,其中所述纤维选自下组:PP纤维、PVA纤维、纤维素纤维、玻璃纤维包括耐碱玻璃纤维、岩棉、矿棉、钢纤维及其组合。
5.如权利要求1至4所述的组合物,其中所述膨胀珍珠岩被选自下组的填料部分地或者全部地替代:浮石、泡沫玻璃、膨胀粘土、电厂粉煤灰制成的中空陶瓷球、剥分蛭石及其组合。
6.如权利要求1至5任一所述的组合物,其中所述加工助剂选自下组:缓凝剂、促凝剂、超塑化剂、泵送剂、保水剂、触变剂、防水剂、水性再分散聚合物(water born re-dispersible polymers)及其组合。
7.如权利要求1至6任一所述的组合物,其中所述纤维平均长度小于15mm。
8.如权利要求1至7任一所述的组合物,其中所述方解石粒径小于200μm(按重量计d90)。
9.一种防火砂浆,所述防火砂浆通过将如权利要求1至8任一所述的组合物和水混合而获得,
较佳地通过混合以下组分而制成:
-30至70重量%的权利要求1至8所述的组合物,和
-70至30%的水。
10.一种防火产品,特征在于,所述防火产品通过喷涂权利要求9所述的防火砂浆制得,或
通过将权利要求9所述的防火砂浆铸造制得。
11.如权利要求10所述的防火产品,其中所述铸造包括选自下组的成形工艺:滤压法、流浆法和马尼亚尼工艺。
12.如权利要求10或11所述的防火产品,其特征在于,所述防火产品的堆积密度低于1200kg/m3,较佳地在500-1000kg/m3。
13.一种提供防火体系的方法,包括
-将权利要求9的砂浆喷涂于基质上,和/或
-将权利要求11或12所述的防火产品铸件固定于基质上。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,进一步包括在砂浆中埋置金属网或塑料网。
15.如权利要求1至8任一项所述的组合物的用途,用于制备防火砂浆。
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Cited By (10)
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CN104895589A (zh) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-09-09 | 济南城建集团有限公司 | 隧道防火涂层的施工方法 |
CN106396735A (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 凌庭生 | 耐火隔温减噪复合墙板的制作方法 |
CN108506003A (zh) * | 2017-03-16 | 2018-09-07 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | 一种融化巨型岩堆松散体下部冰冻层的结构及其方法 |
CN108506003B (zh) * | 2017-03-16 | 2023-09-22 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | 一种融化巨型岩堆松散体下部冰冻层的结构及其方法 |
CN108643926A (zh) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-10-12 | 北京城建集团有限责任公司 | 一种区间隧道的先行导洞冻结止水工法 |
CN108643926B (zh) * | 2018-06-20 | 2024-03-12 | 北京城建集团有限责任公司 | 一种区间隧道的先行导洞冻结止水工法 |
CN109400076A (zh) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-01 | 上海兆捷实业发展有限公司 | 一种高强度混凝土及其制备工艺 |
CN109400076B (zh) * | 2018-12-26 | 2021-03-23 | 上海兆捷实业发展有限公司 | 一种高强度混凝土及其制备工艺 |
CN112209663A (zh) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-01-12 | 安徽华城兴建材科技有限公司 | 一种纤维水泥防爆板的生产工艺 |
WO2024007251A1 (en) | 2022-07-07 | 2024-01-11 | Sika Technology Ag | A human friendly high performance fireproof mortar |
Also Published As
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CN103964776B (zh) | 2016-07-06 |
US9034097B2 (en) | 2015-05-19 |
BR102014002644A8 (pt) | 2020-11-17 |
LT2807130T (lt) | 2017-03-10 |
ES2604658T3 (es) | 2017-03-08 |
JP6332988B2 (ja) | 2018-05-30 |
CA2840343C (en) | 2021-02-23 |
SI2807130T1 (sl) | 2017-02-28 |
US20140216653A1 (en) | 2014-08-07 |
MY175739A (en) | 2020-07-07 |
KR20140100446A (ko) | 2014-08-14 |
AU2014200344A1 (en) | 2014-08-21 |
CA2840343A1 (en) | 2014-08-05 |
BR102014002644B1 (pt) | 2021-06-01 |
MX2014001274A (es) | 2014-11-04 |
PT2807130T (pt) | 2016-12-06 |
EP2807130A1 (en) | 2014-12-03 |
JP2014152101A (ja) | 2014-08-25 |
EA201400102A1 (ru) | 2014-08-29 |
WO2014122085A1 (en) | 2014-08-14 |
AU2014200344B2 (en) | 2017-03-02 |
EP2807130B1 (en) | 2016-08-24 |
MX357372B (es) | 2018-07-06 |
DK2807130T3 (en) | 2016-12-12 |
SG2014007660A (en) | 2014-09-26 |
BR102014002644A2 (pt) | 2015-12-08 |
KR102119216B1 (ko) | 2020-06-05 |
HUE030978T2 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
PL2807130T3 (pl) | 2017-03-31 |
EA026204B1 (ru) | 2017-03-31 |
ZA201400662B (en) | 2015-04-29 |
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