CN103979918B - 一种纤维增强防火保温板及其制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种纤维增强防火保温板及其制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103979918B CN103979918B CN201410235375.6A CN201410235375A CN103979918B CN 103979918 B CN103979918 B CN 103979918B CN 201410235375 A CN201410235375 A CN 201410235375A CN 103979918 B CN103979918 B CN 103979918B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种纤维增强防火保温板，其由以下重量份的各原料制备而成：粉煤灰80-100份，膨胀珍珠岩30-50份，陶粒10-20份，植物纤维10-20份，漂珠5-10份，海泡石5-8份，氟硅酸钠3-5份，甲酸钙3-5份，阻燃剂3-5份，油酸三异丙醇胺0.1-0.5份，乙二醇二甲醚0.1-0.3份。本发明采用工业生产废料为主要原料，降低了生产成本，通过粉煤灰、轻质骨料与添加剂的有机结合、所产生的协同作用，能够有效地克服现有建筑保温板中存在的缺陷。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于建筑保温材料技术领域，尤其是涉及一种纤维增强防火保温板及其制备工艺。
背景技术
在保温材料领域，防火保温板是近些年来发展起来的一类建筑材料。而已有的制备工艺和配合比，显然适应不了建筑业对节能环保以及材料本身性能的日趋发展的要求，隔热、防火性能差，强度不高。目前，市场上应用较为广泛的纤维增强防火板所采用较为廉价的植物纤维，混合于胶类或树脂与石膏、镁化物等无机物或水泥中搅拌，最后加压制成板状，然而，上述植物纤维板经长时间吸水时，会产生渗水变形并造成形状解体，且其防火性、耐候性、耐腐蚀性以及产量都会受到一定影响，无法符合实际市场的需求，因此无法得到广泛市场接受。
由此可见，目前的纤维增强防火保温板仍存在诸多缺点，无法满足日益发展的市场需求，亟需优良的解决方案。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种纤维增强防火保温板及其制备工艺。本发明的制备工艺以废弃物为主要原料，使保温板成本大幅降低，步骤简单，符合节能环保的要求；所得到的纤维增强防火保温板，除具有优异的防火、隔热性能外，还具有隔音、强度高、耐酸碱、耐腐蚀、不变形、耐震、抗压、质轻等效果。
为了实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案如下：
一种纤维增强防火保温板，其由以下重量份的各原料制备而成：
粉煤灰80-100份，膨胀珍珠岩30-50份，陶粒10-20份，植物纤维10-20份，漂珠5-10份，海泡石5-8份，氟硅酸钠3-5份，甲酸钙3-5份，阻燃剂3-5份，油酸三异丙醇胺0.1-0.5份，乙二醇二甲醚0.1-0.3份。优选地，
所述的粉煤灰为发电厂产生的I级或II级粉煤灰；
所述的陶粒采用堆积密度为450kg/cm3的陶粒；
所述的植物纤维可以为木材纤维、棕榈纤维、椰子纤维、棉花杆纤维、竹子纤维、坚果壳纤维中的一种或两种以上的混合物；
所述的漂珠为由粉煤灰渣料中漂选出的、过80-100目筛的轻质颗粒料；
所述的阻燃剂主要由以下重量份的原料制备而成：三聚磷酸钠100份，五氧化二磷70份，双羟乙基胺60份，碳酸钠50份，氢氧化钠20份，乙醇40份。
一种纤维增强防火保温板的制备工艺，其包括如下工艺步骤：
（1）备料：
a）将植物纤维原料中的杂质部分清除掉，切成20cm～30cm的小段，采用气流式干燥机或滚筒式干燥机进行干燥至水分在0.1%以下，再将其切割成3-5cm备用；
b）将粉煤灰、膨胀珍珠岩、陶粒、海泡石放入粉碎机进行粉碎，过80-100目筛备用；
（2）混合：按上述重量份配比先将粉煤灰、膨胀珍珠岩、陶粒、漂珠、海泡石放入搅拌机内，搅拌5-10分钟使其混合均匀，再依次加入植物纤维、氟硅酸钠、甲酸钙、阻燃剂、油酸三异丙醇胺、乙二醇二甲醚，搅拌3-5分钟混合均匀后，加入适量水搅拌10-15分钟，得到混合浆料；
（3）初凝：将混合浆料注入模具内，静置凝固20～50分钟，形成成型料；
（4）成型：将所得到的成型料置入模具中热压成型，得到板坯；
（5）蒸养：将制成的板坯置入蒸养室内，注入蒸汽进行蒸养，得到板材；
（6）切割：按照所需的尺寸对蒸养后的板材进行切割，即得本发明的维增强防火保温板成品。
其中步骤（4）成型步骤中，成型温度160℃～180℃，成型压力2MPa～3MPa，成型时间5～10min；
步骤（5）蒸养步骤中，蒸养时间为10～12小时，蒸养室内温度保持在100～170℃。
本发明所得的纤维增强防火保温板中，所采用的粉煤灰和漂珠为工业生产中产生的废料，以其为基料使生产成本大大降低；膨胀珍珠岩、陶粒和海泡石均为质轻、形状规则的微粒，作为骨料填充至保温板中，能够充分填充空隙，对保温板的保温性能有极大改善，也使得其密度大大降低；植物纤维无序地分布在保温板中，不仅能够避免裂缝的出现，阻止裂缝的扩展，对于保温板的强度也有相当大的提高；本发明阻燃剂中的阻燃防火成分不挥发、不流失，能够大大改善保温板的防火隔热性能。
本发明的有益效果：
1、本发明采用工业生产废料为主要原料，降低了生产成本，通过粉煤灰、轻质骨料与添加剂的有机结合、所产生的协同作用，能够有效地克服现有建筑保温板中存在的缺陷，使用时无需再做复合保温层，同时还能够有效防火和防裂。
2、本发明所得纤维增强防火保温板除具有优异的防火、隔热性能外，还具有隔音、强度高、耐酸碱、耐腐蚀、不变形、耐震、抗压、质轻等效果。
3、本发明所得纤维增强防火保温板能够广泛应用于砌筑内外墙体，使用施工方便，能一次完成建筑结构、保温、防火工序，免除复合墙面保温工序；同时易于加工，可锯、钻、钉、挂、镂等，给管线埋设安装和二次装修带来很大方便。
具体实施方式
本发明的纤维增强防火保温板，其由以下重量份的各原料制备而成：
粉煤灰80-100份，膨胀珍珠岩30-50份，陶粒10-20份，植物纤维10-20份，漂珠5-10份，海泡石5-8份，氟硅酸钠3-5份，甲酸钙3-5份，阻燃剂3-5份，油酸三异丙醇胺0.1-0.5份，乙二醇二甲醚0.1-0.3份。优选地，
所述的粉煤灰为发电厂产生的I级或II级粉煤灰；
所述的陶粒采用堆积密度为450kg/cm3的陶粒；
所述的植物纤维可以为木材纤维、棕榈纤维、椰子纤维、棉花杆纤维、竹子纤维、坚果壳纤维中的一种或两种以上的混合物；
所述的漂珠为由粉煤灰渣料中漂选出的、过80-100目筛的轻质颗粒料；
所述的阻燃剂主要由以下重量份的原料制备而成：三聚磷酸钠100份，五氧化二磷70份，双羟乙基胺60份，碳酸钠50份，氢氧化钠20份，乙醇40份；其具体通过如下工艺制备得到：在装有搅拌装置、回流装置和温度控制仪的反应釜中加入40份乙醇、60份双羟乙基胺、20份氢氧化钠和50份碳酸钠，于65℃下反应8h，将反应釜中的反应混合物冷却至100℃以下，加入五氧化二磷70份和三聚磷酸钠100份后，至100℃保温反应6h，然后降温至60℃以下，即得到具有高阻燃性的阻燃剂；
其制备工艺包括如下工艺步骤：
（1）备料：
a）将植物纤维原料中的杂质部分清除掉，切成20cm～30cm的小段，采用气流式干燥机或滚筒式干燥机进行干燥至水分在0.1%以下，再将其切割成3-5cm备用；
b）将粉煤灰、膨胀珍珠岩、陶粒、海泡石放入粉碎机进行粉碎，过80-100目筛备用；
（2）混合：按上述重量份配比先将粉煤灰、膨胀珍珠岩、陶粒、漂珠、海泡石放入搅拌机内，搅拌5-10分钟使其混合均匀，再依次加入植物纤维、氟硅酸钠、甲酸钙、阻燃剂、油酸三异丙醇胺、乙二醇二甲醚，搅拌3-5分钟混合均匀后，加入适量水搅拌10-15分钟，得到混合浆料；
（3）初凝：将混合浆料注入模具内，静置凝固20～50分钟，形成成型料；
（4）成型：将所得到的成型料置入模具中热压成型，得到板坯；
（5）蒸养：将制成的板坯置入蒸养室内，注入蒸汽进行蒸养，得到板材；
（6）切割：按照所需的尺寸对蒸养后的板材进行切割，即得本发明的纤维增强防火保温板成品。
其中步骤（4）成型步骤中，成型温度160℃～180℃，成型压力2MPa～3MPa，成型时间5～10min；
步骤（5）蒸养步骤中，蒸养时间为10～12小时，蒸养室内温度保持在100～170℃。
实施例1
一种纤维增强防火保温板的制备工艺，其包括如下工艺步骤：
按照如下重量份配比称取各原料：粉煤灰80kg，膨胀珍珠岩30kg，陶粒10kg，植物纤维10kg，漂珠5kg，海泡石5kg，氟硅酸钠3kg，甲酸钙3kg，阻燃剂3kg，油酸三异丙醇胺0.1kg，乙二醇二甲醚0.1kg；
a）将植物纤维原料中的杂质部分清除掉，切成20cm的小段，采用气流式干燥机进行干燥至水分在0.1%以下，再将其切割成3cm备用；
b）将粉煤灰、膨胀珍珠岩、陶粒、海泡石放入粉碎机进行粉碎，过100目筛备用；
（2）混合：按上述重量份配比先将粉煤灰、膨胀珍珠岩、陶粒、漂珠、海泡石放入搅拌机内，搅拌5分钟使其混合均匀，再依次加入植物纤维、氟硅酸钠、甲酸钙、阻燃剂、油酸三异丙醇胺、乙二醇二甲醚，搅拌3分钟混合均匀后，加入适量水搅拌10分钟，得到混合浆料；
（3）初凝：将混合浆料注入模具内，静置凝固20分钟，形成成型料；
（4）成型：将所得到的成型料置入模具中热压成型，得到板坯，成型温度160℃，成型压力2MPa，成型时间5min；
（5）蒸养：将制成的板坯置入蒸养室内，注入蒸汽进行蒸养，得到板材，蒸养时间为10小时，蒸养室内温度保持在100℃；
（6）切割：按照所需的尺寸对蒸养后的板材进行切割，即得本发明的纤维增强防火保温板成品。
实施例2
一种纤维增强防火保温板的制备工艺，其包括如下工艺步骤：
按照如下重量份配比称取各原料：粉煤灰100kg，膨胀珍珠岩50kg，陶粒20kg，植物纤维20kg，漂珠10kg，海泡石8kg，氟硅酸钠5kg，甲酸钙5kg，阻燃剂5kg，油酸三异丙醇胺0.5kg，乙二醇二甲醚0.3kg；
a）将植物纤维原料中的杂质部分清除掉，切成30cm的小段，采用滚筒式干燥机进行干燥至水分在0.1%以下，再将其切割成5cm备用；
b）将粉煤灰、膨胀珍珠岩、陶粒、海泡石放入粉碎机进行粉碎，过80目筛备用；
（2）混合：按上述重量份配比先将粉煤灰、膨胀珍珠岩、陶粒、漂珠、海泡石放入搅拌机内，搅拌10分钟使其混合均匀，再依次加入植物纤维、氟硅酸钠、甲酸钙、阻燃剂、油酸三异丙醇胺、乙二醇二甲醚，搅拌5分钟混合均匀后，加入适量水搅拌15分钟，得到混合浆料；
（3）初凝：将混合浆料注入模具内，静置凝固50分钟，形成成型料；
（4）成型：将所得到的成型料置入模具中热压成型，得到板坯，成型温度180℃，成型压力3MPa，成型时间10min；
（5）蒸养：将制成的板坯置入蒸养室内，注入蒸汽进行蒸养，得到板材，蒸养时间为12小时，蒸养室内温度保持在170℃；
（6）切割：按照所需的尺寸对蒸养后的板材进行切割，即得本发明的纤维增强防火保温板成品。
实施例3
一种纤维增强防火保温板的制备工艺，其包括如下工艺步骤：
按照如下重量份配比称取各原料：粉煤灰90kg，膨胀珍珠岩40kg，陶粒15kg，植物纤维15kg，漂珠8kg，海泡石8kg，氟硅酸钠4kg，甲酸钙4kg，阻燃剂4kg，油酸三异丙醇胺0.3kg，乙二醇二甲醚0.2kg；
a）将植物纤维原料中的杂质部分清除掉，切成25cm的小段，采用气流式干燥机进行干燥至水分在0.1%以下，再将其切割成4cm备用；
b）将粉煤灰、膨胀珍珠岩、陶粒、海泡石放入粉碎机进行粉碎，过90目筛备用；
（2）混合：按上述重量份配比先将粉煤灰、膨胀珍珠岩、陶粒、漂珠、海泡石放入搅拌机内，搅拌8分钟使其混合均匀，再依次加入植物纤维、氟硅酸钠、甲酸钙、阻燃剂、油酸三异丙醇胺、乙二醇二甲醚，搅拌4分钟混合均匀后，加入适量水搅拌12分钟，得到混合浆料；
（3）初凝：将混合浆料注入模具内，静置凝固30分钟，形成成型料；
（4）成型：将所得到的成型料置入模具中热压成型，得到板坯，成型温度170℃，成型压力2.5MPa，成型时间7min；
（5）蒸养：将制成的板坯置入蒸养室内，注入蒸汽进行蒸养，得到板材，蒸养时间为11小时，蒸养室内温度保持在150℃；
（6）切割：按照所需的尺寸对蒸养后的板材进行切割，即得本发明的纤维增强防火保温板成品。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式而已，不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，都不脱离本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种纤维增强防火保温板，其由以下重量份的各原料制备而成：
粉煤灰80-100份，膨胀珍珠岩30-50份，陶粒10-20份，植物纤维10-20份，漂珠5-10份，海泡石5-8份，氟硅酸钠3-5份，甲酸钙3-5份，阻燃剂3-5份，油酸三异丙醇胺0.1-0.5份，乙二醇二甲醚0.1-0.3份；
其中所述的阻燃剂主要由以下重量份的原料制备而成：三聚磷酸钠100份，五氧化二磷70份，双羟乙基胺60份，碳酸钠50份，氢氧化钠20份，乙醇40份；
所述的植物纤维为棕榈纤维、椰子纤维、棉花杆纤维、竹子纤维、坚果壳纤维中的一种或两种以上的混合物；
所述的漂珠为由粉煤灰渣料中漂选出的、过80-100目筛的轻质颗粒料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种纤维增强防火保温板，其特征在于，所述的粉煤灰为发电厂产生的I级或II级粉煤灰。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种纤维增强防火保温板，其特征在于，所述的陶粒采用堆积密度为450kg/cm3的陶粒。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的一种纤维增强防火保温板的制备工艺，其包括如下工艺步骤：
（1）备料：
a）将植物纤维原料中的杂质部分清除掉，切成20cm～30cm的小段，采用气流式干燥机或滚筒式干燥机进行干燥至水分在0.1%以下，再将其切割成3-5cm备用；
b）将粉煤灰、膨胀珍珠岩、陶粒、海泡石放入粉碎机进行粉碎，过80-100目筛备用；
（2）混合：按重量份配比先将粉煤灰、膨胀珍珠岩、陶粒、漂珠、海泡石放入搅拌机内，搅拌5-10分钟使其混合均匀，再依次加入植物纤维、氟硅酸钠、甲酸钙、阻燃剂、油酸三异丙醇胺、乙二醇二甲醚，搅拌3-5分钟混合均匀后，加入适量水搅拌10-15分钟，得到混合浆料；
（3）初凝：将混合浆料注入模具内，静置凝固20～50分钟，形成成型料；
（4）成型：将所得到的成型料置入模具中热压成型，得到板坯；
（5）蒸养：将制成的板坯置入蒸养室内，注入蒸汽进行蒸养，得到板材；
（6）切割：按照所需的尺寸对蒸养后的板材进行切割，即得纤维增强防火保温板成品。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种纤维增强防火保温板的制备工艺，其特征在于，其中步骤（4）成型步骤中，成型温度160℃～180℃，成型压力2MPa～3MPa，成型时间5～10min。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种纤维增强防火保温板的制备工艺，其特征在于，其中步骤（5）蒸养步骤中，蒸养时间为10～12小时，蒸养室内温度保持在100～170℃。
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| CN117067357A (zh) * | 2023-08-29 | 2023-11-17 | 马鞍山市苏林保温材料有限公司 | 一种保温材料制备方法 |
| CN117466606B (zh) * | 2023-12-28 | 2024-04-09 | 中科信德建设有限公司 | 一种灌浆材料及其在大坝帷幕灌浆方面的应用 |
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| WO2010002934A2 (en) * | 2008-07-01 | 2010-01-07 | Specialty Concrete Design, Inc. | Heat resistant and fire retardant materials and methods for preparing same |
| AU2014200344B2 (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2017-03-02 | Promat Research and Technology Centre NV | Fire Protection Mortar |
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- 2014-05-30 CN CN201410235375.6A patent/CN103979918B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN101362642A (zh) * | 2007-08-10 | 2009-02-11 | 鄂尔多斯市东荣赐科技开发有限公司 | 一种保温材料 |
| CN102503495A (zh) * | 2011-11-15 | 2012-06-20 | 杨宝金 | 耐火保温板基料及其制备方法 |
| CN103723991A (zh) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-04-16 | 青岛无为保温材料有限公司 | 一种新型隔热保温节能材料 |
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