CN103876222B - 一种板栗鲜榨饮品的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23L2/38—Other non-alcoholic beverages
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种板栗鲜榨饮品的制备方法,是将已剥壳去衣的新鲜板栗仁置于护色液中预煮护色,蒸馏水漂洗并干燥,然后挑选色泽金黄表面光滑无褐色斑点的板栗仁与护色液按照8-10g:1mL的料液比混合并装入高温蒸煮袋中高压灭菌;将灭菌后的板栗仁取出,按照板栗仁30-40质量份、水150-200质量份的比例混合并打浆得到板栗原浆,然后向得到的板栗原浆中加入蔗糖、海藻酸钠、卡拉胶、羟甲基纤维素钠、黄原胶和单甘脂,混合均匀并真空包装即得板栗鲜榨饮品。本发明通过合理调配亲水胶体和乳化剂的添加量,不仅有效缓解板栗鲜榨饮品淀粉老化回生现象,还在较长时间内具有良好的悬浮稳定性而无分层现象出现。
Description
一、技术领域
本发明涉及一种饮料的制备方法,具体地说是一种板栗鲜榨饮品的制备方法。
二、背景技术
板栗属壳斗科栗属坚果类植物,是我国传统的农副产品,世界上重要的干果之一,栗果是人们食用的主要部分。板栗是一种物美价廉,富有营养的滋补品,素有干果之王、树上面包之美称,由于其果实蕴藏的热量与面粉、大米等主食相近,可替代粮食,又被称作木本粮食。鲜栗含水量为50-80%,干物质中淀粉含量约占50-65%、糖分20-25%、蛋白质7-9%,在蛋白质中总氨基酸7.07%,其中含有多种必需氨基酸,分别是赖氨酸0.37%,蛋氨酸0.1%,苏氨酸0.29%,亮氨酸0.49%,异亮氨酸0.29%,苯丙氨酸0.33%,缬氨酸0.36%,组氨酸0.18%。此外,含有一定的钙(588-737mg/kg)、磷(0.04-0.12%)、铁(9.6-13.6%)等矿质元素及胡萝卜素、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C等营养物质。另外板栗性味甘温有较高的药用价值,具有养胃健脾、补肾壮腰、强筋活血、止血消肿等功效。
随着板栗产量的不断增加,板栗深加工的不断深入新产品层出不穷。目前我国板栗主要以生栗原料销售为主。但是由于生栗含水量较高(超过50%),易生虫、霉变,因此需要低温贮藏,且保质期较短。板栗的加工主要属于初加工,板栗制品的花色品种不多、科技含量不高、加工技术比较落后。自20世纪90年代中期以来,我国板栗的加工有了较大的发展,以板栗为主要原料开发出的品种较多,目前市场上的板栗制品主要有糖水栗子罐头、速冻板栗仁、低糖板栗果脯、板栗饮料、栗子奶、栗子酒、五香板栗以及栗子膏、栗子酱等产品,不但满足了国内市场的需求,提高了板栗的附加值,而且还能开拓国际市场,加强国际竞争力。
鲜榨饮品消费是现代生活新时尚。消费者称鲜榨饮品是“第二蔬菜”。我国鲜榨饮品消费量连续10年有增无减。我国鲜榨饮品起源于20世纪90年代,可以说是从罐头水果、堂吃水果、水果粉、水果菜、水果菜肴和果酒等演变而来的。现在各地餐饮场所皆以鲜榨饮品作为特色服务。与传统餐饮习惯中消费者所选择的饮品相比,鲜榨饮品适合消费者饮食习惯,也减少了传统饮品中食品添加剂、色素等成分的摄入。既具有较高的营养价值和保健功效,使消费者放心食用,又可获得高利润的经济效益。随着人们生活在水平提高,鲜榨饮品必将成为生活必需品。在未来饮品业的发展中,宜提高开发技术,鲜榨果汁加工及制品向多样化、营养化、方便化、安全化方向发展,这样才能使中国的鲜榨饮品产业从成长期迅速进入成熟期。
三、发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种板栗鲜榨饮品的制备方法,通过安全可靠、科学合理、产率高成本低的工艺路线制备板栗鲜榨饮品,减少了传统饮品中食品添加剂、色素等成分的摄入,既有较高的营养价值和保健功效,又具有较好的口感。
本发明板栗鲜榨饮品的制备方法按以下步骤操作:
1)预煮护色:将已剥壳去衣的新鲜板栗仁置于护色液中,于60-75℃浸泡2-4min;所述护色液为抗坏血酸、植酸、柠檬酸和EDTA-2Na的混合溶液;护色液中抗坏血酸的质量浓度为0.1-0.7%,植酸的质量浓度为0.1-0.4%,柠檬酸的质量浓度为0.1-0.7%,EDTA-2Na(乙二胺四乙酸二钠)的质量浓度为0.01-0.02%;
2)漂洗:将经步骤1)处理的板栗仁取出,用蒸馏水漂洗2-3次并在40℃烘箱中干燥30min;
3)灭菌:从经过步骤2)处理的板栗仁中挑选色泽金黄表面光滑无褐色斑点的板栗仁与护色液按照8-10g:1mL的料液比混合并装入高温蒸煮袋中,于蒸汽压力103kPa、温度110℃下高压灭菌20min;本步骤使用的护色液的成分与步骤1)使用的护色液相同。
4)调配:将灭菌后的板栗仁取出,按照板栗仁30-40质量份、水150-200质量份的比例混合并打浆得到板栗原浆,然后向得到的板栗原浆中加入蔗糖8-10质量份、海藻酸钠0.03-0.05质量份、卡拉胶0.10-0.20质量份、羟甲基纤维素钠0.15-0.20质量份、黄原胶0.05-0.1质量份和单甘脂0.03-0.05质量份,混合均匀并真空包装即得板栗鲜榨饮品。采用DZQ真空包装机包装,真空时间40-60s,封口时间2-4s。
本发明的特点体现在:
板栗味道鲜美,且营养丰富,含有多种维生素(A、B1、B2、C等)和矿物质(钙、磷、钾等)。关于板栗的药用价值,中医上板栗为常用走方医单方,栗果有养胃健脾、补肾强筋、活血、止血之功能,并有益于高血压、冠心病的防治。鉴于板栗的营养价值和实际食疗效果,本发明通过安全可靠、科学合理、产率高成本低的工艺路线制备板栗鲜榨饮品,减少了传统饮品中食品添加剂、色素等成分的摄入。既具有较高的营养价值和保健功效,使消费者放心食用。也使鲜榨饮品加工及制品向多样化、营养化、方便化、安全化方向发展,适合消费者饮食习惯。
板栗淀粉含量较高,与传统工艺相比,本发明采用护色液预煮浸泡,真空包装技术,使新鲜板栗仁保持良好色泽,延长产品货架期,易于保藏。另一方面,传统鲜榨饮品在榨汁打浆后较短时间内静置有分层现象出现,影响消费者对其表观评价。而淀粉含量较高的饮品在传统榨汁打浆中会发生淀粉老化回生,降低饮品食用口感。本发明通过合理调配亲水胶体和乳化剂的添加量,不仅有效缓解板栗鲜榨饮品淀粉老化回生现象,还使榨汁后饮品在较长时间内具有良好的悬浮稳定性而无分层现象出现。
四、附图说明
图1是放置24h后新鲜板栗仁(左)和经护色液浸泡板栗仁(右)色泽对比图。
图2是板栗原浆(左)和板栗鲜榨饮品(右)悬浮稳定性对比图(温度20℃,静置时间1h)。
图3是板栗原浆与板栗鲜榨饮品质构性质示意图。从图3中可以看出板栗鲜榨饮品与板栗原浆相比其坚实度、稠度、粘聚性和粘度指数曲线有明显的变化,说明本工艺制得的板栗鲜榨饮品能够满足悬浮稳定对质构特性的需求。
图4是板栗原浆与板栗鲜榨饮品流变性质示意图。从图4中可以看出,相同浓度的板栗鲜榨饮品和板栗原浆相比,板栗鲜榨饮品的粘度随着时间的增加而降低,因板栗鲜榨饮品是一种触变性流体,故受到剪切力时,饮料的粘度降低;当剪切力消失,其粘度恢复。
图5是GC-MS检测板栗原浆挥发性风味物质气相图谱图。
图6是GC-MS检测板栗鲜榨饮品挥发性风味物质气相图谱图。
从图5、图6可以看出,板栗原浆经气相色谱检测出检测出60种挥发性风味物质,而板栗鲜榨饮品中检测到的挥发性风味物质有55种,与板栗原浆相比所检测到的挥发性风味物质少5种,故认为调配后板栗鲜榨饮品基本能有效的保留板栗原汁风味。
五、具体实施方式
1、板栗鲜榨饮品的制备
1)预煮护色:将已剥壳去衣的新鲜板栗仁置于护色液中,于60-75℃浸泡2-4min;所述护色液为抗坏血酸、植酸、柠檬酸和EDTA-2Na的混合溶液;护色液中抗坏血酸的质量浓度为0.1-0.7%,植酸的质量浓度为0.1-0.4%,柠檬酸的质量浓度为0.1-0.7%,EDTA-2Na的质量浓度为0.01-0.02%;
2)漂洗:将经步骤1)处理的板栗仁取出,用蒸馏水漂洗3次并在40℃烘箱中干燥30min;
3)灭菌:从经过步骤2)处理的板栗仁中挑选色泽金黄表面光滑无褐色斑点的板栗仁与护色液按照8-10g:1mL的料液比混合并装入高温蒸煮袋中,于蒸汽压力103kPa、温度110℃下高压灭菌20min;
4)调配:将灭菌后的板栗仁取出,按照板栗仁30-40质量份、水150-200质量份的比例混合并打浆得到板栗原浆,然后向得到的板栗原浆中加入蔗糖8-10质量份、海藻酸钠0.03-0.05质量份、卡拉胶0.10-0.20质量份、羟甲基纤维素钠0.15-0.20质量份、黄原胶0.05-0.1质量份和单甘脂0.03-0.05质量份,混合均匀并采用DZQ真空包装机真空包装,真空时间40-60s,封口时间2-4s即得板栗鲜榨饮品。
2、产品的性质分析
1)产品稳定性的分析
本发明中产品经榨汁打浆,其悬浮稳定性用离心检测沉淀率按下式计算:
2)产品的性质分析
①流变性质检测:对步骤4)制备的板栗原浆以及板栗鲜榨饮品本发明产品进行流变性质测试,常温检测,选择S61号转子,转速选定为50rpm,测试时间定为14s,时间间隔为2s。结果见图4。从图4中可以看出,相同浓度的板栗鲜榨饮品和板栗原浆相比,板栗鲜榨饮品的粘度随着时间的增加而降低,因板栗鲜榨饮品是一种触变性流体,故受到剪切力时,饮料的粘度降低;当剪切力消失,其粘度恢复。通过该数据检测可得出板栗鲜榨饮品具有良好的稳定性,利于较长时间的静置保藏而不会出现分层,提高饮品饮用价值。
②质购性质检测:质构仪的测试单位选定为距离。测试速度定为30mm/min,Targetvalue定为15mm。探头使用P/35圆柱形探头。设定检测的参数为硬度、胶黏性和弹性。如图3所示,实验得出板栗鲜榨饮品与板栗原浆相比其坚实度、稠度、粘聚性和粘度指数曲线有明显的变化,板栗鲜榨饮品具有良好悬浮稳定性。
③挥发性风味物质测定:利用GC-MS测定板栗原浆和板栗鲜榨饮品的挥发性风味物质进行前后对比。气相色谱条件:TR-5色谱柱;载气:He气,流速:1.0mL/min;升温程序为60℃,保持2min,以5℃/min升温速率升至220℃,保持10min;进样口温度为220℃,进样体积:2.0μL;检测器温度230℃。质谱条件:离子源温度230℃,电子轰击电离(EI)离子源,电子能量70eV,发射电流200μA,扫描质量范围33-650amu。
根据图5、图6分析结果表明,板栗原浆经气相色谱检测出检测出60种挥发性风味物质,而板栗鲜榨饮品中检测到的挥发性风味物质有55种,与板栗原浆相比所检测到的挥发性风味物质少5种,故认为调配后板栗鲜榨饮品基本能有效的保留板栗原汁风味。
Claims (2)
1.一种板栗鲜榨饮品的制备方法,其特征在于按以下步骤操作:
1)预煮护色:将已剥壳去衣的新鲜板栗仁置于护色液中,于60-75℃浸泡2-4min;所述护色液为抗坏血酸、植酸、柠檬酸和EDTA-2Na的混合溶液;所述护色液中抗坏血酸的质量浓度为0.1-0.7%,植酸的质量浓度为0.1-0.4%,柠檬酸的质量浓度为0.1-0.7%,EDTA-2Na的质量浓度为0.01-0.02%;
2)漂洗:将经步骤1)处理的板栗仁取出,用蒸馏水漂洗2-3次并干燥;
3)灭菌:从经过步骤2)处理的板栗仁中挑选色泽金黄表面光滑无褐色斑点的板栗仁与护色液按照8-10g:1mL的料液比混合并装入高温蒸煮袋中高压灭菌;
4)调配:将灭菌后的板栗仁取出,按照板栗仁30-40质量份、水150-200质量份的比例混合并打浆得到板栗原浆,然后向得到的板栗原浆中加入蔗糖8-10质量份、海藻酸钠0.03-0.05质量份、卡拉胶0.10-0.20质量份、羟甲基纤维素钠0.15-0.20质量份、黄原胶0.05-0.1质量份和单甘脂0.03-0.05质量份,混合均匀并真空包装即得板栗鲜榨饮品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤3)中高压灭菌的蒸汽压力103kPa,灭菌温度110℃,灭菌时间20min。
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