CN103783590A - 一种速食锥栗鸡的加工方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种速食锥栗鸡的加工方法,包括如下步骤:(1)原料预处理;(2)糖水溶液浸泡;(3)锥栗仁蒸煮;(4)锥栗仁冷冻;(5)干燥;(6)称量包装锥栗仁;(7)微波杀菌;(8)鸡肉腌制;(9)脱水;(10)真空低温油炸;(11)称量包装鸡肉;(12)杀菌;(13)调味料包和油料包搭配;(14)组合包装,即为成品。本发明制得之速食锥栗鸡,食用时,将食材置于容器中,用750ml左右的开水冲制,盖上盖保持15min后即可食用,食用非常方便快捷,既具有传统锥栗炖鸡的风味,又能够满足现代社会快节奏生活的要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种速食产品的加工方法,具体涉及一种以锥栗仁和鸡肉为原料,用开水冲泡即可食用的速食加工方法。
背景技术
三黄鸡是我国南方广泛饲养的优良品种鸡,其肉质细嫩,味道鲜美,营养丰富,是人们补充营养的优良食物。锥栗是壳斗科栗属植物的果实,是我国重要木本粮食之一。据《本草纲目》记载:栗,肾之果也,栗能通肾,益气温胃,久食必强健。锥栗(或板栗)炖鸡是一种深受人们喜爱的传统名菜,然而传统锥栗炖鸡的加工需花费较长时间,让生活节奏较快的年轻人无法享受这种美味佳肴。因此,人们就希望有一种方便快捷的锥栗炖鸡产品,食用时只需在这种产品中加入适量开水浸泡一段时间即可食用。
现有技术中,速食锥栗鸡的加工是先将锥栗仁和鸡肉熟化脱水,并分袋包装,然后与油料包和调味料包等共4个小包构成一个大包装。食用时只需将锥栗仁、鸡肉、油料和调味料放入容器,然后加入开水,封盖保持约15min即可食用。如果用微波炉加热2min,则风味更佳。
速食锥栗鸡在加工过程中需解决以下几个问题:(1)锥栗仁和鸡肉的复水要较快,并保持原有风味;(2)调味料和油料如何搭配才能让锥栗仁、鸡肉的风味协调;(3)如何防止在保质期内锥栗仁的褐变以及老化变硬,食味变差。现有的一些技术中也有关于板栗或鸡肉的加工方法,如ZL01121505.4公开的一种板栗鸡的加工方法中,提供了一种将板栗仁灌入鸡的胴体中的加工方法;ZL200610123394.5公开的一种板栗香鸡及其制备方法中,提供了一种将板栗粉和其它调味料涂抹于鸡身上后再进行烘烤而具有板栗香味的加工方法。但这些方法或者是需要花许多时间现场制作的,或者是没有传统锥栗炖鸡风味的。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是,克服现有技术的不足,提供一种操作简单的速食锥栗鸡的加工方法,所制得的锥栗鸡口感好,保持期长,食用方便快捷。
本发明解决其技术问题采用的技术方案是,一种速食锥栗鸡的加工方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料预处理:锥栗经剥壳机去壳后,锥栗仁直径要求控制在16~18mm;将鸡宰杀、脱毛,去嗉囊、内脏、鸡油,再用高压水冲洗干净,然后将鸡头、鸡脖和鸡爪切下另作它用,其余部分切分成20-25mm长宽的鸡肉块;
(2)糖水溶液浸泡:将经步骤(1)预处理后的锥栗仁放入糖水溶液浸泡,糖水溶液浸泡温度为50-60℃,时间为30-40min;
用糖水溶液浸泡可以让糖分取代水分所占用锥栗仁内部结构间隙,可有效提高淀粉的糊化程度,缩短蒸煮时间,同时还能防止锥栗表面的龟裂;
(3)锥栗仁蒸煮:将经步骤(2)浸泡后的锥栗仁取出沥干,置于蒸煮锅中常压蒸煮,时间为20-30min;
蒸煮是锥栗仁淀粉糊化的过程,也是各种挥发性风味物质形成的过程,直接影响产品的粘弹性、完整度、风味等;
(4)锥栗仁冷冻:将经步骤(3)蒸煮的锥栗仁冷却后立刻置于-5~-10℃的冷冻室内冷冻,冷冻时间为8-12h;冷冻以改善锥栗仁的质构;
(5)干燥:将经步骤(4)处理的锥栗仁解冻后置于容器内平摊,并封上盖,先置于微波炉内加热3-5min,接着用85-90℃的热风干燥40-60min,期间轻轻翻动3-4次;
(6)称量包装:将步骤(5)干燥好的锥栗仁取出自然冷却,然后用透明复合薄膜高温蒸煮袋真空包装,每袋装入148-150g锥栗仁;
(7)微波杀菌:将步骤(6)包装好的锥栗仁用微波杀菌,时间为1-3min;
(8)鸡肉腌制:将经步骤(1)预处理后的鸡肉与腌制料液按照1:1.2-1.5的质量比混合均匀腌制,腌制时温度为0-4℃,时间为20-23h;
(9)脱水:将经步骤(8)腌制好的鸡肉捞出,置于筛网中沥干,然后放置在热风温度为55-65℃的热风循环烘箱中干燥5-8min;
(10)真空低温油炸:将经步骤(9)脱水后的鸡肉置于真空低温油炸机中油炸,真空油炸表压真空度为0.095-0.098MPa,油温为85-95℃,油炸6-14min,然后转移到离心脱油器中在转速为800-1000r/min,相同真空度下脱油5-6min;
(11)称量包装:将步骤(10)所得鸡肉冷却后称量装入透明复合薄膜高温蒸煮袋,每袋鸡肉质量控制为145-150g,真空封口机进行封口;
(12)杀菌:将经步骤(11)包装好的鸡肉用微波进行杀菌,杀菌时间为1-3min;
(13)调味料包和油料包搭配:根据一袋含有150g鸡肉和150g锥栗仁的比例配备1包调料包和1包油料包;
(14)组合包装:将经步骤(7)加工好的150g锥栗仁包、步骤(12)加工好的150g鸡肉包、步骤(13)配制好的8g的调料包和5g的油料包组合包装在一起,即为成品。
进一步,步骤(2)中,所述糖水溶液是由以下质量百分比的原料配制而成:蔗糖10-15%,食盐0.8-1.1%,麦芽糖5-8%,水80-85%。
进一步,步骤(8)中,所述腌制料液是由以下质量百分比的原料配制而成:食盐19-25%、料酒47-52%、生姜片18-20%、白糖5-10%、味精0.7-0.9%、鸡肉香精0.5-0.6%、猪肉香精0.2-0.3%。
进一步,步骤(13)中,所述调料包是由以下质量百分比的原料配制而成:食盐40-45%、味精20-25%、酵母提取物(粉末)15-20%、鸡肉香精2-3%、生姜粉8-10%、大蒜粉4-6%、葱末2-3%、肉豆蔻粉2-4%。
进一步,步骤(13)中,所述油料包是由以下质量百分比的原料配制而成:调和油50-55%、牛油20-25%、蚝油15-20%、料酒15-20%。
进一步,步骤(1)中,所述鸡优选三黄鸡。
本发明制得之速食锥栗鸡,食用时,将锥栗仁、鸡肉、调料和油料混合在一起,并用700-800ml开水冲制,盖上盖保持13-15min左右即可食用,如果用微波加热,则只需加热2-3min即可食用。
本发明具有如下优点:(1)本发明制得之速食锥栗鸡,食用方便快捷,食用时只需将包装袋内食材取出置于容器内,并用开水浸泡15min即可食用;(2)本发明之速食锥栗鸡既具有传统锥栗炖鸡的风味,又能够满足现代社会快节奏生活的要求;(3)本发明的锥栗仁通过蒸煮糊化,形成可溶性α淀粉,并经快速脱水干燥,提高了锥栗仁的复水速度,且微波膨化处理可在锥栗仁内部形成许多细小空隙,也有助于缩短复水时间;(4)本发明工艺操作简便,设备投资少,易于实现工业化生产,经济效益显著,特别适合个体工商户、乡镇企业等中小企业经营。
本发明制得之锥栗鸡锥栗仁香甜可口,入口即化,鸡肉松嫩,鲜香味美,鸡味浓郁,产品常温下可贮藏12个月不变质。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明,但这些实施例不得用于解释对本发明保护范围的限制。在不脱离本发明基本思路的情况下,本发明技术方案显然还可以作出许多修改和变化,这些修改和变化均属于本发明的保护范围。
各实施例操作步骤如下:
(1)原料预处理
锥栗经剥壳机去壳后,锥栗仁直径要求控制在16~18mm;鸡选用重量在1-1.2kg的三黄鸡;符合检疫要求的三黄鸡经宰杀,脱毛,去嗉囊、内脏、鸡油,再用高压水冲洗干净,然后将鸡头、鸡脖和鸡爪切下另作它用,其余部分切分成约22mm长宽的鸡肉块。
(2)糖水溶液浸泡
将步骤(1)预处理后的锥栗仁放入糖水溶液浸泡,让糖分取代水分所占用锥栗仁内部结构间隙,可有效提高淀粉的糊化程度,缩短蒸煮时间,同时还能防止锥栗表面的龟裂;糖水溶液浸泡温度为55℃,时间为35min;所述糖水溶液是由以下质量百分比的原料配制而成:蔗糖13%,食盐1%,麦芽糖6%,水80%;
(3)锥栗仁蒸煮
蒸煮是锥栗仁淀粉糊化的过程,也是各种挥发性风味物质形成的过程,直接影响产品的粘弹性、风味和颗粒的完整度等;将经步骤(2)浸泡后的锥栗仁取出沥干,置于蒸煮锅中常压蒸煮。不同蒸煮时间对锥栗仁感官品质的影响见表1。
从表1可以看出,锥栗仁淀粉的糊化程度随蒸煮时间延长而增加。当蒸煮时间达到25min时,锥栗仁淀粉的糊化程度已超过85%,此后即使继续蒸煮,但糊化程度也不会有明显增加。而且蒸煮25min的锥栗仁已熟透,口感香甜。因此,锥栗仁蒸煮时间选择25min最适宜。
(4)锥栗仁冷冻
将经步骤(3)蒸煮的锥栗仁冷却后立刻置于-10℃的冷冻室内冷冻,冷冻时间为9h。
(5)干燥
锥栗仁的干燥采取分段干燥方式;将经步骤(4)处理的锥栗仁解冻后置于容器内平摊,并封上盖,先用功率为800W微波炉进行干燥,在锥栗仁中形成许多细小空隙,再采用85℃的热风干燥,脱除多余水分;热风干燥期间需轻轻翻动3-4次;不同干燥时间对锥栗仁品质的影响见表2。
从表2可以看出,随着微波干燥时间的增加,锥栗仁的颗粒完整率有所下降;热风干燥时间从40min增大到60min时,锥栗仁用开水浸泡时的复水时间增加,但复水时间未超过15min。综合考虑,选择微波加热4min和热风干燥50min,是最优的干燥方式。
(6)称量包装
将经步骤(5)干燥后的锥栗仁冷却,称量,每袋装入约150g锥栗仁,然后用透明复合薄膜高温蒸煮袋进行真空包装;
(7)微波杀菌
为了保证产品的合理货架期,包装后的产品再次杀菌;采用微波杀菌,杀菌时微波功率设定为800W,时间为2min;杀菌后经检验,无破损的可视为合格品;
(8)鸡肉腌制
按下列配方准确称取各物料配制成腌制料液,然后将鸡肉与腌制料液按照1:1.3的质量比在不锈钢器具里混合均匀腌制,腌制时温度控制为1℃,时间为20h;
3种不同的腌制料液由以下重百分比的原料配制而成:
配方1:食盐19.0%、料酒51.5%、生姜片20.0%、白糖8.0%、味精0.8%、鸡肉香精0.5%、猪肉香精0.2%;
配方2:食盐22.0%、料酒49.5%、生姜片19.0%、白糖8.0%、味精0.8%、鸡肉香精0.5%、猪肉香精0.2%;
配方3:食盐25.0%、料酒47.5%、生姜片18.0%、白糖8.0%、味精0.8%、鸡肉香精0.5%、猪肉香精0.2%;
腌制后加工所得鸡肉经过专门人士的品评,得出了3种腌制料液配方对鸡肉风味的影响结果。配方1腌制的产品香甜可口,口味较淡;配方2香甜味突出,最能体现锥栗仁炖鸡的传统风味;配方3香甜可口,口味较重。加工企业可根据所在地的口味选择适合当地消费者习惯的配方;
(9)脱水
将经步骤(8)腌制好的鸡肉捞出,置于筛网中沥干,然后放置在热风温度为60℃的热风循环烘箱中干燥5min;
(10)真空低温油炸
将经步骤(9)脱水后的鸡肉置于真空低温油炸机中油炸,真空油炸采用表压真空度0.096MPa,不同油炸温度和时间对鸡肉品质的影响见表3;油炸后的鸡肉转入到离心脱油器中脱油,离心脱油时的转速为900r/min,真空度为0.096MPa,脱油时间为5min;
从表3可以看出,随着油炸温度的提高,油炸时间的延长,鸡肉复水时间增加,但最长时间未超过15min,同时鸡肉硬度也有所增大,颜色加深。
(11)称量包装
在无菌室内,待油炸鸡肉冷却后准确称量,每袋鸡肉质量控制为145-150g,然后用透明复合薄膜高温蒸煮袋进行真空包装;
(12)杀菌
将步骤(11)包装好的鸡肉用微波杀菌,以保证质量;微波杀菌的功率设定为800W,杀菌时间为2min;
(13)调味料包和油料包搭配
根据一袋含有150g的鸡肉和150g锥栗仁,配备1包调料包和1包油料包。
所述调料包是由以下质量百分比的原料配制而成:食盐42%、味精22%、酵母提取物(粉末)16%、鸡肉香精2%、生姜粉9%、大蒜粉4%、葱末2%、肉豆蔻粉3%。
所述油料包是由以下质量百分比的原料配制而成:调和油50%、牛油20%、蚝油15%、料酒15%。
(14)组合包装
将150g的鸡肉包、150g的锥栗仁包、8g的调味料包和5g的油料包组合包装在一起,即为成品。
各实施例的产品食用时,将锥栗仁、鸡肉、调料和油料置于一个容器内,并用700-800ml开水冲制,盖上盖保持15min即可;如果用微波加热,则只需加热2-3min后就能食用。
各实施例制得之锥栗仁香甜可口,入口即化,鸡肉松嫩,鲜香味美,鸡味浓郁,产品常温下贮藏12个月,产品质量均未发生变化。
Claims (6)
1. 一种速食锥栗鸡的加工方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)原料预处理:锥栗经剥壳机去壳后,锥栗仁直径要求控制在16~18mm;将鸡宰杀、脱毛,去嗉囊、内脏、鸡油,再用高压水冲洗干净,然后将鸡头、鸡脖和鸡爪切下另作它用,其余部分切分成20-25mm长宽的鸡肉块;
(2)糖水溶液浸泡:将经步骤(1)预处理后的锥栗仁放入糖水溶液浸泡,糖水溶液浸泡温度为50-60℃,时间为30-40min;
(3)锥栗仁蒸煮:将经步骤(2)浸泡后的锥栗仁取出沥干,置于蒸煮锅中常压蒸煮,时间为20-30min;
(4)锥栗仁冷冻:将经步骤(3)蒸煮的锥栗仁冷却后立刻置于-5~-10℃的冷冻室内冷冻,冷冻时间为8-12h;
(5)干燥:将经步骤(4)处理的锥栗仁解冻后置于容器内平摊,并封上盖,先置于微波炉内加热3-5min,接着用85-90℃的热风干燥40-60min,期间轻轻翻动3-4次;
(6)称量包装:将步骤(5)干燥好的锥栗仁取出自然冷却,然后用透明复合薄膜高温蒸煮袋真空包装,每袋装入148-150g锥栗仁;
(7)微波杀菌:将步骤(6)包装好的锥栗仁用微波杀菌,时间为1-3min;
(8)鸡肉腌制:将经步骤(1)预处理后的鸡肉与腌制料液按照1:1.2-1.5的质量比混合均匀腌制,腌制温度为0-4℃,时间为20-23h;
(9)脱水:将经步骤(8)腌制好的鸡肉捞出,置于筛网中沥干,然后放置在热风温度为55-65℃的热风循环烘箱中干燥5-8min;
(10)真空低温油炸:将经步骤(9)脱水后的鸡肉置于真空低温油炸机中油炸,真空油炸表压真空度为0.095-0.098MPa,油温为85-95℃,油炸6-14min,然后转移到离心脱油器中脱油5-6min;真空度与真空油炸的真空度相同;
(11)称量包装:将步骤(10)所得鸡肉冷却后称量装入透明复合薄膜高温蒸煮袋,每袋鸡肉质量控制为145-150g,真空封口机进行封口;
(12)杀菌:将经步骤(11)包装好的鸡肉用微波进行杀菌,杀菌时间为1-3min;
(13)调味料包和油料包搭配:按照一袋含有150g鸡肉和150g锥栗仁的比例配备1包调料包和1包油料包;
(14)组合包装:将经步骤(7)加工好的150g锥栗仁包、步骤(12)加工好的150g鸡肉包、步骤(13)配制好的8g的调料包和5g的油料包组合包装在一起,即为成品。
2.如权利要求1所述的速食锥栗鸡的加工方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述糖水溶液是由以下质量百分比的原料配制而成:蔗糖10-15%,食盐0.8-1.1%,麦芽糖5-8%,水80-85%。
3.如权利要求1所述的速食锥栗鸡的加工方法,其特征在于,步骤(8)中,所述腌制料液是由以下质量百分比的原料配制而成:食盐19-25%、料酒47-52%、、生姜片18-20%、白糖5-10%、味精0.7-0.9%、鸡肉香精0.5-0.6%、猪肉香精0.2-0.3%。
4.如权利要求1所述的速食锥栗鸡的加工方法,其特征在于,步骤(13)中,所述调料包是由以下质量百分比的原料配制而成:食盐40-45%、味精20-25%、酵母提取物(粉末)15-20%、鸡肉香精2-3%、生姜粉8-10%、大蒜粉4-6%、葱末2-3%、肉豆蔻粉2-4%。
5.如权利要求1所述的速食锥栗鸡的加工方法,其特征在于,步骤(13)中,所述油料包是由以下质量百分比的原料配制而成:调和油50-55%、牛油20-25%、蚝油15-20%、料酒15-20%。
6.如权利要求1所述的速食锥栗鸡的加工方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述鸡选用三黄鸡。
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