CN103733753B - A kind of wheat no-tillage planter being suitable to full straw covering plot operation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a wheat seeder in agricultural machinery, a wheat no-tillage seeder suitable for operation in fields covered with straw, a tractor power output shaft (16) is connected to a horizontal wide-width box-type straw crushing and clearing machine, and the rear is arranged Horizontal shallow rotation mechanism (6), the front half of the semicircular casing (6c) of the shallow rotation mechanism (6) is an arc cover plate, and the second half is a grid cover composed of several arc strips; The wheat fertilizing and seeding machine is integrated; the front three-point suspension (15) is used to connect with the tractor (1), and the rear three-point suspension (13) is connected to the wheat fertilizing and seeding machine. The depth gauge wheels (17) are respectively configured on the sides. The invention can complete straw crushing and cleaning, shallow spinning, fertilization, sowing, straw covering after sowing and other working procedures at one time, reduces the number of times that machines and tools go to the ground, reduces operating costs, and realizes mechanized sowing of crops such as corn and rice with narrow row spacing such as wheat with full straw coverage. .

Description

A wheat no-tillage seeder suitable for full straw-covered land operation

technical field

The invention relates to a seeder in agricultural machinery, in particular to an operating machine suitable for sowing wheat after harvesting previous crops of corn, rice and cotton.

Background technique

In my country's corn-wheat, rice-wheat, and cotton-wheat rotation areas, it is necessary to sow wheat in time after the previous crops of corn, rice, and cotton are harvested. Since there are a large amount of corn, rice, and cotton straw left in the field after mechanized harvesting, it is necessary for the next crop of wheat to be mechanized. Seeding brings greater difficulty, and the main problems include the following:

1. After the previous crops are harvested, the amount of straw covering the field is large, while the row spacing of wheat planting is narrow, usually about 15-20cm. During mechanized sowing operations, the remaining straw in the field can easily cause the ditch opener of the planter to be blocked by grass.

2. After corn, rice, and cotton are harvested, if the wheat no-tillage sowing operation is directly carried out, the surface soil is compacted and the reflux is poor due to the lack of rotary tillage. Seed drying phenomenon.

3. Due to the ridge planting of corn and cotton or the rolling of harvesting machines, the fields of corn, rice and cotton are uneven after harvesting, and the seed drying phenomenon is easy to occur when the wheat no-tillage planter is operating.

At present, the main technical process of sowing wheat after harvesting corn, rice and cotton is: mechanized harvesting→manually cleaning or crushing the straw and returning it to the field→rotary tillage (rotary tillage for paddy fields is generally more than two times)→mechanized sowing. It can be seen that the current mechanized sowing of corn, rice and cotton after harvesting wheat must first process the straw, and then perform rotary tillage and sowing operations. Time-consuming, high operating costs.

There are two types of machines that are relatively similar in the prior art. One is a traditional rotary tiller, that is, a tractor pulls a rotary tiller and a seeder. This method is widely used in Jiangsu. Before planting, it is necessary to manually clean up the straw or crush the straw and return it to the field, which is laborious, time-consuming and labor-intensive.

Another kind of machine is a multi-functional unit for crushing straw, clearing straw, fertilizing, sowing, and covering straw with the patent number 201220535075.6, and the announcement number is CN202941107U. Poor power, many faults, and a multi-functional unit that can cover the field ridges in time after fertilizing and sowing, straw cleaning, fertilization, sowing, and straw covering. This machine is not suitable for previous crops such as corn, rice, The operation of sowing wheat after the cotton harvest, the latter two problems of aforementioned three defects still exist, and sowing effect is not good. So far, there is no suitable agricultural implement in this field at home and abroad that can deal with and solve the above problems in a targeted manner.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a machine suitable for no-tillage sowing of wheat in a field covered with straws, aiming at the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.

A wheat no-tillage seeder suitable for operations on fields covered with straw, characterized in that it is configured as follows from front to back:

The power output shaft of the tractor is connected to the rotary knife shaft of the horizontal wide-width box-type straw crushing and clearing machine, and a plurality of straw crushing knives are arranged on the knife shaft. Behind the straw knife is a horizontal auger, and the output end of the horizontal auger is equipped with a fan, which is sent to the top of the wheat fertilization and seeding machine backward through the pipeline;

The range of straw thrown by the straw throwing device is equivalent to the width of the wheat fertilizing and seeding machine;

A horizontal shallow rotation mechanism is arranged behind the horizontal auger, and the shallow rotation mechanism is:

On the outer circumference of the horizontal long axis, fixed rotary tiller blades are arranged in a spiral manner. The circle formed by the rotation of the rotary tiller blades has a diameter of 25-35cm, a rotational speed of 600-800rpm, and reverse rotation, that is, when While being pulled forward, the rotary tiller blade rotates from bottom to top, from front to back, and a semicircular cover is covered above the rotary tiller blade. The front half of the cover is an arc cover plate, and the second half A grid cover composed of several arc strips;

A wheat fertilizing and seeding machine is arranged behind the shallow rotation mechanism, and the wheat fertilizing and seeding machine has an integrated structure;

The straw crushing and clearing machine is connected to the tractor by hanging at the front three points, and the straw crushing and clearing machine is connected to the rear wheat fertilizing and seeding machine by hanging at the rear three points. shock-absorbing structure;

Depth limiting wheels are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the straw crushing and cleaning machine;

The power output shaft of the tractor provides power for the cutter shaft, the horizontal auger and the shallow rotation mechanism.

With this technical scheme, the straw cutter rotates at a high speed and impacts the upright or lodging straw. Since the fan is installed in the box of the straw crushing and clearing machine, a negative pressure is formed at the feeding port of the straw. Under the action of the negative pressure, the straw It is sucked into the casing box, and is in contact with the fixed teeth in the box, being sheared and hammered, and then transported to the fan by the airflow and the auger, "transported back to the top of the fertilization and seeding machine through the pipeline, and the outlet of the pipeline The end is equipped with a straw throwing port with an adjustable straw deflector, and the thrown pure straw just completely covers the wheat seed row that has just been fertilized and sown.

In view of the long mechanism of the whole machine, it is easily affected by the unevenness of the ground during the working process. It is difficult for machine operators to accurately control the height of the wheat no-tillage planter through the hydraulic lifting mechanism, which affects the operating efficiency and convenience of the machine. The two sides of the front end of the ground wheat no-tillage planter are equipped with limited depth wheels, which can make the whole machine have the function of automatic profiling depth limit to a certain extent, which can significantly reduce the operation difficulty of machine operators and improve work efficiency.

In order to achieve the purpose and effect of the present invention, a shallow rotary mechanism with special requirements is adopted. The structure and rotation mode of the rotary tiller and the special structure of the casing are all specially designed to solve and overcome existing defects. Because the throwing distance of the straw crushing and cleaning device is limited, it is necessary to compress the length of the whole machine as much as possible. To improve the rotation effect, it is necessary to increase the rotation speed of the shallow rotary knife as much as possible. The shallow rotary mechanism is designed to have a rotation diameter of 25-35cm and a rotational speed of 600-800rpm; in order to improve the stubble breaking effect, the shallow rotary mechanism is designed to rotate in reverse.

The traction connection of agricultural machinery usually adopts a triangular three-point suspension method, which is particularly emphasized and limited in this technical solution, "The straw crushing and clearing machine is connected to the fertilization and seeding integrated machine by three-point suspension at the end, and the last three-point suspension The upper pull rod is a length-adjustable and shock-absorbing structure", because the tractor does not directly pull the integrated fertilization and seeding machine for operation, but connects the straw crushing and cleaning machine between the tractor and the integrated fertilization and seeding machine, so if simply using the traditional The three-point suspension method often causes incorrect and inaccurate sowing positions, which affects the quality of the sowing, and even affects the growth and management in the later period. Technical characteristics will affect the implementation quality and even success of this technical solution.

After the above farmland operations are processed, the integrated function of fertilizing and seeding of wheat can be satisfactorily completed the purpose of the present invention.

The present invention relates to a wheat no-tillage planter with full straw coverage in agricultural machinery. The fertilization and seeder is an integrated machine; between the tractor and the fertilization and seeder, a straw crushing and cleaning device powered by the power output shaft of the tractor is connected ;In the straw crushing and cleaning device, multiple straw knives are radially arranged on the horizontal rotary knife shaft, behind the straw knives is an auger, and the output end is equipped with a fan, which is sent backward through the pipeline to the straw throwing port above the fertilization and seeding machine , The rear of the auger is equipped with a rotary tillage mechanism. The invention can complete straw crushing and cleaning, shallow spinning, fertilization, sowing, straw covering after sowing and other working procedures at one time, reduces the number of times of machines and tools going to the ground, and reduces operating costs, and is especially suitable for mechanized sowing of corn, rice, cotton and other straw-covered mechanized wheat Equally narrow-row-spaced crops. The sowing mechanism of the present invention can also be replaced for sowing various dry crops such as peanuts and soybeans.

Further, a pressing roller is arranged between the horizontal auger and the shallow rotation mechanism. In order to better carry out the shallow spinning operation, after repeated tests, the addition of pressure rollers can play the dual role of depth limit and suppression, and the way of adding pressure rollers can improve the quality of work.

Furthermore, the power output shaft of the tractor is sequentially connected to the cutter shaft, the horizontal auger and the shallow rotation mechanism by the belt and pulley located on one side of the device. This structure is convenient for configuration and easy for repair and maintenance.

Furthermore, the tractor power output shaft is sequentially transmitted to the cutter shaft, the horizontal auger and the shallow rotation mechanism by the multi-stage transmission rod located in the middle of the device, and the transmission of this structure is reliable.

Furthermore, the straw cutter is a rectangular metal slat structure, and the end is a swinging knife structure separated from the two sides in a Y-shape when viewed from the forward direction. The effect of picking up and crushing straw with this structure is better.

Further, the structure of the wheat fertilizing and seeding machine is that a fertilizer box and a seed box are arranged at the front and back above the frame, a fertilizer shovel is arranged at the bottom of the fertilizer box, and a ground wheel stirring seed meter is arranged at the bottom of the seed box. A cover wheel is arranged behind the ground wheel. This scheme provides a structure of an integrated machine for fertilizing and seeding wheat with good effect.

Further, the diameter of the circle formed by the rotation of the rotary tiller blade is 30cm, and the rotation speed is 700rpm. Through a large number of tests and analysis, the shallow spin structure with such parameters can achieve better stubble removal and leveling effects.

The beneficial effects of the present invention, through the above description, can clearly and directly understand and understand the superiority of the present invention, overcome the three serious defects of the prior art, and invent a wheat no-tillage planter with full straw coverage, Under the conditions of full straw coverage of corn, rice, cotton, etc., the operation procedures such as straw picking, crushing, shallow spinning, fertilization, sowing, and straw covering after sowing can be completed at one time. Because the machine tool has the function of picking up and crushing straw, it is not necessary to clean up the straw in advance, so that the wheat sowing operation can be realized in the whole straw-covered land, and it is not affected by the residual straw in the field; because the machine tool is equipped with a shallow rotary mechanism, it can perform rotary tillage and leveling of the seed bed, It can improve the quality of covering soil after sowing and reduce the rate of drying seeds. It provides an ideal mechanical device for sowing wheat in time after the previous crops of corn, rice and cotton are harvested.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is an overall structural configuration diagram of an embodiment of a wheat no-tillage seeder suitable for full straw-covered land operation according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is an embodiment of the present invention, the perspective view of the tractor power output shaft connected to the cutter shaft, the horizontal auger and the shallow rotation mechanism sequentially by the belt and the pulley located on one side of the device;

Fig. 3 is an embodiment of the present invention, in which the power output shaft of the tractor is sequentially transmitted to the cutter shaft, the horizontal auger and the shallow rotation mechanism by the multi-stage transmission rod located in the middle of the device;

Fig. 4 is an embodiment of the present invention, a perspective view of the structure of the components of the shallow rotation mechanism;

Fig. 5 is a front view of Fig. 4 .

In the picture:

1 is a tractor, 2 is a straw cutter, 3 is a knife shaft, 4 is a fan, 5 is a horizontal auger, 6 is a shallow rotary mechanism, 6a is a long axis, 6b is a rotary blade, 6c is a cover, 7 is a Fertilizer ditch opener, 8 is seed ditch opener, 9 is ground wheel, 10 is soil covering wheel, 11 is seed box, 12 is fertilizer box, 13 is rear three-point suspension, 14 is straw throwing device, 15 is Front three-point suspension, 16 is the power take-off shaft, 17 is the depth-gauge wheel, and 18 suppresses and rolls.

detailed description

The structure of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

A wheat no-tillage seeder suitable for operations on fields covered with straw, which is configured as follows from front to back:

The tractor power output shaft 16 is connected to the rotary knife shaft 3 of the horizontal wide-width box-type straw crushing and clearing machine, and a plurality of straw knives 2 are arranged on the knife shaft 3, and the plurality of straw knives 2 are arranged in a helical manner. On the cutter shaft 3, behind the straw cutter 2 is a horizontal auger 5, and the output end of the horizontal auger 5 is equipped with a fan 4, which is sent to the top of the wheat fertilizing and seeding machine backward through the pipeline;

The range of straw thrown by the straw throwing device 14 is equivalent to the width of the wheat fertilizing and seeding machine in width; it can crush and remove the harvested straw of the previous crops corn, rice, and cotton, and it can also be the straw that has been sown in the rear. The wheat is covered with crushed straw to promote germination and growth.

A horizontal shallow rotation mechanism 6 is arranged behind the horizontal auger 5, and the shallow rotation mechanism 6 is:

On the outer periphery of the horizontal long axis 6a, fixed rotary tiller blades 6b are arranged in a spiral manner. The circle formed by the rotation of the rotary tiller blades 6b has a diameter of 25-35cm, a rotating speed of 600-800rpm, and reverse rotation. That is, while being pulled forward, the rotary tiller blade 6b rotates from bottom to top, from front to back, and covers a semicircular casing 6c above the rotary tiller blade 6b, and the front half of the casing 6c is a circle. The arc cover plate, the second half is a grid cover composed of several arc strips; this structure can not only cover the dust raised by the shallow rotation, but the second half of the grid cover does not produce resistance, reducing the operating load and achieving better operation. Effect.

A wheat fertilizing and seeding machine is arranged behind the shallow rotation mechanism 6, and the wheat fertilizing and seeding machine is integrated; the structure is compact, and it is convenient for hanging and pulling operations.

The straw crushing and clearing machine is connected to the tractor 1 by three-point suspension 15 in the front, and the rear three-point suspension 13 of the straw crushing and straw cleaning machine is connected to the rear wheat fertilizing and seeding machine, and the upper pull rod of the rear three-point suspension 13 is Adjustable length and shock-absorbing structure; according to the actual situation in the field, carry out suspension and adjust to a suitable angle, height and position.

Depth limiting wheels 17 are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the straw crushing and cleaning machine;

The tractor power output shaft 16 provides power for the cutter shaft 3 , the horizontal auger 5 and the shallow rotation mechanism 6 .

A pressing roller 18 is arranged between the horizontal auger 5 and the shallow rotation mechanism 6 .

The tractor power output shaft 16 is sequentially connected with the cutter shaft 3, the horizontal auger 5 and the shallow rotation mechanism 6 by a belt and a pulley located on one side of the device.

The tractor power output shaft 16 is sequentially transmitted to the cutter shaft 3, the horizontal auger 5 and the shallow rotation mechanism 6 by the multi-stage transmission rod located in the middle of the device.

The straw-breaking knife 2 is a rectangular metal lath structure, and the end part is a Y-shape from the forward direction to separate the knife-throwing structure to both sides, a reliable straw-breaking knife 2 structure.

The structure of the wheat fertilizing and seeding machine is that the fertilizer box 12 and the seed box 11 are arranged before and after the top of the frame, the fertilizer shovel is arranged at the bottom of the fertilizer box 12, and the ground wheel is arranged at the bottom of the seed box 11 to stir the seeds. Device, disposes soil covering wheel 10 at ground wheel 9 rears. Existing devices can be used, and it can be conveniently used by adjusting the amount of fertilization and wheat seeding.

In one embodiment, the diameter of the circle formed by the rotation of the rotary tiller blade 6b is 30cm, and the rotation speed is 700rpm, and the operation effect is more ideal.

The invention can complete straw crushing and cleaning, shallow spinning, fertilization, sowing, straw covering after sowing and other working procedures at one time, reduces the number of times of machines and tools going to the ground, and reduces operating costs, and is especially suitable for mechanized sowing of corn, rice, cotton and other straw-covered mechanized wheat Equally narrow-row-spaced crops.

Claims (7)

1. A wheat no-tillage seeder suitable for operation in full straw-covered land, characterized in that it is configured as follows from front to back: The tractor power output shaft (16) is connected to the rotary knife shaft (3) of the horizontal wide-width box-type straw crushing and cleaning machine, and multiple straw knives (2) are arranged on the knife shaft (3). (2) Arranged on the cutter shaft (3) in a spiral manner, behind the straw cutter (2) is a horizontal auger (5), and the output end of the horizontal auger (5) is equipped with a fan (4) , sent to the top of the wheat fertilizing and seeding machine backward through the pipeline; The range of stalks thrown by the stalk throwing device (14) is equivalent in width to the width of the wheat fertilizing and planting machine; A horizontal shallow rotation mechanism (6) is arranged behind the horizontal auger (5), and the shallow rotation mechanism (6) is: On the outer periphery of the long axis (6a) placed horizontally, fixed rotary tillage blades (6b) are arranged in a spiral manner, the circle formed by the rotation of the rotary tiller blades (6b) has a diameter of 25-35cm, and a rotating speed of 600-800rpm, And it is reverse rotation, that is, while being pulled forward, the rotary tiller blade (6b) rotates from bottom to top, from front to back, and covers a semicircular casing above the rotary tiller blade (6b) (6c), the front half of the casing (6c) is an arc cover plate, and the second half is a grid cover composed of several arc strips; A wheat fertilizing and seeding machine is configured behind the shallow rotary mechanism (6), and the wheat fertilizing and seeding machine is integrated; The straw crushing and clearing machine is connected to the tractor (1) by the front three-point suspension (15), and the rear three-point suspension (13) of the straw crushing and straw cleaning machine is connected to the rear wheat fertilizing and seeding machine, and the rear three-point suspension ( 13) The pull-up rod is a length-adjustable and shock-absorbing structure; Depth limiting wheels (17) are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the straw crushing and cleaning machine; The tractor power output shaft (16) provides power for the cutter shaft (3), the horizontal auger (5) and the shallow rotation mechanism (6). 2. According to claim 1, the wheat no-tillage planter suitable for operation in the field covered with straw is characterized in that a pressing roller (18) is set between the horizontal auger (5) and the shallow rotation mechanism (6) . 3. The wheat no-tillage planter suitable for full straw-covered land operation according to claim 1, characterized in that the tractor power output shaft (16) is sequentially connected with the cutter shaft (3) by a belt and a pulley located on one side of the device , the horizontally placed auger (5) and the shallow rotary mechanism (6) are connected for transmission. 4. According to claim 1, the wheat no-tillage planter suitable for operation in full straw-covered land is characterized in that the tractor power output shaft (16) is sequentially transmitted to the cutter shaft ( 3), horizontal auger (5) and shallow spin mechanism (6). 5. The wheat no-tillage planter suitable for operation in full-straw-covered land according to claim 1, characterized in that the straw-breaking knife (2) is a rectangular metal lath structure, and the end is Y-shaped when viewed from the forward direction The swing knife structure is separated to both sides. 6. The wheat no-tillage seeder suitable for operation in full straw-covered land according to claim 1, characterized in that the structure of the wheat fertilization seeder is that a fertilizer box (12) and a fertilizer box (12) are arranged before and after the top of the frame Seed box (11), the fertilizer shovel is configured in the bottom of fertilizer box (12), the ground wheel stirs seed metering device in the bottom of seed box (11), and soil covering wheel (10) is configured in the ground wheel (9) rear. 7. The wheat no-tillage seeder suitable for operation in full straw-covered land according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the circle formed by the rotation of the rotary tiller blade (6b) is 30cm, and the rotation speed is 700rpm.