CN107980368B - A no-tillage clean area planter suitable for corn wide and narrow row planting - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a fertilizing seeder in agricultural machinery, and is a straw-covered no-tillage clean area seeder suitable for planting corn in wide and narrow rows. The front part of the frame (12) is provided with straw driven by the rear power output shaft of the tractor. The pick-up mechanism (6), the auger (7) at the rear of the juxtaposition, and the auger shell (8) which is wrapped in the bottom and back of the auger (7) in a circular arc shape, the middle part of the auger shell (8) is provided with a row The straw mouth (11) and the auger (7) are pushed from both sides to the middle; the fertilization and sowing device; the front and rear are equipped with a fertilizer box (3) and a seed box (2), and a row is arranged at the lower part of the fertilizer box (3). A fertilizer device (13) and a fertilizer shovel (9) are arranged at the lower part of the seed box (2) with a ground wheel (1) to drive the seed metering device (14) and the fertilizer discharger (13), and the ground wheel (1) is used for fertilization and sowing. post-repression. The pick-up mechanism picks up and pulverizes all the straw above the surface, and transports it to the middle of the auger to be discharged to the surface through the straw discharge port (11), and falls between the wide rows of corn. The fertilization and sowing openers work in the soil without straw coverage. , and has higher economic and operational efficiency.

Description

A no-tillage clean area planter suitable for corn wide and narrow row planting

technical field

The invention relates to a fertilizing and seeding machine in agricultural machinery, in particular to a no-tillage clean area seeder that requires wide and narrow rows to plant corn in the farmland with residual stubble after the corn is harvested.

Background technique

In Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and other northeastern regions, corn is generally harvested in early October, and the corn stalks are mostly dry at harvest. The value of removing the stalks for feed is significantly lower than that of green corn, and the labor and mechanical input costs of removing corn stalks are higher. Therefore, local farmers are generally reluctant to remove the straw, and prefer to directly return the full amount of corn straw to the field for fertilizer utilization. However, if the corn stalks are not removed, it creates obstacles for the next year's corn sowing, which can easily cause problems such as hanging grass and blocking, racking, and drying during the operation of the planter, which seriously affects the sowing efficiency and sowing quality.

The invention patent "A Multifunctional Unit for Straw Crushing, Straw Removal, Fertilization, Sowing, and Straw Covering", patent number: ZL201210397462.2, solves the problems of hanging grass, jamming, and planting that are prone to occur during no-tillage and sowing operations on full straw-covered land. , The technical problems of drying seeds have improved the level of straw crushing, straw cleaning, fertilization, sowing and straw covering.

However, since the use of wide and narrow row planting is conducive to crop ventilation and lighting, thereby improving crop yield, in recent years, my country's Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and other cool areas are vigorously developing corn wide and narrow row planting, replacing the traditional planting mode of equal row spacing, but So far, there is no suitable seeding tool that can complete the corn wide and narrow row seeding operation with low power consumption, smooth and high quality under the condition of full corn straw mulching and returning to the field. The invention patent "a multifunctional unit for crushing, clearing, fertilizing, sowing, and covering straw" has been demonstrated in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and other places. The feeding structure is evenly thrown, which alone consumes about 30% of the power consumption of the whole machine. At the same time, the impeller type throwing structure is also prone to blockage because the straw is mixed with soil or the amount of straw is too large, which affects the smooth operation of the whole machine. There are problems of high power consumption and low efficiency, which affects the popularization and application of corn wide and narrow row planting technology. The market is in urgent need of mechanical appliances that meet the above requirements.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to aim at the problems of economy and efficiency of the above-mentioned prior art, and provide a kind of broken straw, straw cleaning, which can be applied to the corn wide and narrow row planting area without manual cleaning of field ridges, and the corn stalk is returned to the field for fertilizer utilization. , fertilization, sowing machinery.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.

A no-tillage and clean-area planter suitable for corn wide and narrow row planting is characterized in that: the no-tillage and clean-area planter comprises two main components: a straw cleaning device at the front and a fertilization and seeding device at the rear;

The straw cleaning device; the straw picking mechanism driven by the rear power take-off (PTO) of the tractor, the auger at the rear and the auger wrapped in the bottom and the back of the auger in a circular arc shape are arranged in the front part of the frame The outer shell, the middle part of the auger shell is provided with a downward direction straw discharge opening, and the unfolded shape of the straw discharge opening is rectangular, the left and right spiral directions of the said auger are opposite, and the crushed straw is pushed from both sides to the middle;

The fertilization and seeding device: a fertilizer box and a seed box are arranged at the front and the rear, a fertilizer discharger and a fertilizer shovel are arranged at the lower part of the fertilizer box, a seed meter and a ground wheel are arranged at the lower part of the seed box, and a ground wheel drive is arranged at the back and bottom of the seed box Seed metering device and fertilizer discharging device also play a role in suppressing after sowing.

Further, two pull plates on both sides of the rectangular straw discharge opening are fixed by bolts, and the width of the rectangular straw discharge opening can be changed.

Further, two sides of the rectangular straw discharge opening are provided with pull plates that can be pulled to the two sides to change the width of the straw discharge opening.

Still further, the width of the rectangular straw discharge opening can be changed in a range of 40-60 cm.

Further, the structure of the straw picking mechanism is as follows: a horizontal rotating cutter shaft is arranged, a plurality of straw-breaking knives are radially arranged on the cutter shaft, and the plurality of straw-breaking knives are arranged on the cutter shaft in a helical manner; The rotation direction is opposite to the rotation direction of the tractor wheel, and behind the straw cutter is a horizontal auger.

Further, the straw cleaning device is connected to the tractor by the front three-point suspension, and the latter three-point suspension is connected to the fertilization and seeding device. All-in-one on a rear rack.

This patent proposes a concept of "clean area sowing", that is, fertilization, seeding and other sub-soil operation components work in a "clean" area without straw coverage and influence.

The tractor power output shaft of the technical solution provides power to the rotating cutter shaft of the straw crushing and cleaning machine and the horizontal auger in the straw cleaning device at the front, and pulls the fertilizing and seeding device at the rear to realize fertilization and sowing operations.

According to the wide row of the corn farming ridge, the width of the rectangular straw discharge opening is set in the middle part of the corresponding auger shell. Spit down, cover the straw laying area in the middle wide row, and complete the sowing in the no-till clean area of the corn wide and narrow row planted with full amount of straw.

The beneficial effects of the present invention, through the introduction of the above operation process, the present invention proposes a more economical and suitable improvement scheme in view of the corn wide and narrow row planting mode and the corn full straw mulching condition that are rapidly developed in the Northeast. The whole machine is made of straw. It consists of two parts: cleaning device and fertilizing and sowing. Among them, the straw cleaning device is mainly composed of frame, transmission system, straw picking mechanism, auger, auger shell, etc. The middle of the auger shell has a downward direction for straw discharge. The size of the opening of the straw discharge port can be adjusted according to the amount of corn straw and the row spacing of corn planting. The pick-up mechanism picks up and crushes all the straw above the surface, and transports it to the auger. The auger will send the crushed straw from the left and right sides to the auger. It is transported in the middle, and discharged to the surface through the straw discharge port, and falls between the wide rows of corn. The fertilization and sowing openers work on the soil without straw coverage, which completely solves the problem of grass hanging and blockage during sowing operations in full straw-covered fields. The problem of racking and drying seeds.

In addition, the present invention has the following advantages over the patent ZL201210397462.2: (1) The impeller type straw throwing mechanism is omitted, the power consumption is significantly reduced, the possible blockage of the impeller type straw throwing mechanism is completely avoided, and the smooth operation of the machine is improved. ; ② The straws are laid in strips between the wide rows of corn, rather than covering the entire width of the sowing width. The sunlight can directly illuminate the surface soil, which is conducive to the rapid heating of the soil, which is conducive to the germination of seeds and the growth of seedlings.

The present invention does not need to use the impeller type throwing mechanism to throw the straw, but directly discharges the straw to the surface through the auger, saves the impeller type throwing mechanism, significantly reduces the power consumption, and also realizes the same fertilization and sowing components work at the same time. The effect in the area without the influence of straw enables the original machine to expand the use range of corn wide and narrow row planting on the basis of not changing the structure and reducing the production cost, and the economy is very good.

Description of drawings

1 is an axonometric view of the overall structure configuration of an embodiment of a straw-covered land no-tillage clean area planter suitable for corn wide and narrow row planting according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is an embodiment of the present invention, a structural diagram of the components of the straw cleaning device, showing the shape and position of the straw discharge opening;

Fig. 3 is the structural perspective view of removing the auger shell in Fig. 2, showing the structure that the screw push plate of the auger is pushed from both sides to the middle;

Fig. 4 is the view that the whole machine of Fig. 1 of the present invention is observed from the side;

Fig. 5 is a top view of the whole machine of Fig. 1 of the present invention viewed from above;

Fig. 6 shows the straw laying area covering the middle wide row on the basis of Fig. 5, namely the area A in the figure;

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of corn planting in wide and narrow rows.

In the picture:

1 is the ground wheel, 2 is the seed box, 3 is the fertilizer box, 4 is the power system, 5 is the three-point suspension, 6 is the straw picking mechanism, 7 is the auger, 8 is the auger shell, 9 is the fat shovel, 10 is the Seed shovel, 11 is a straw discharge port, 12 is a frame, 13 is a fertilizer discharger, 14 is a seed metering device, and 15 is a pull plate.

Detailed ways

The structure of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

A no-tillage planter suitable for corn wide and narrow row planting with full straw coverage, the no-tillage clean area planter includes two main components: a straw cleaning device at the front and a fertilization and seeding device at the rear;

The straw cleaning device; in the front part of the frame 12, a straw pick-up mechanism 6 driven by a rotating shaft, an auger 7 at the rear, and an arc-shaped auger shell 8 wrapped around the bottom and back of the auger 7 are arranged. , the middle part of the auger shell 8 is provided with a straw discharge port 11 in a downward direction, and the unfolded shape of the straw discharge port 11 is a rectangle. Pushing, according to the distance of the local corn wide row and the amount of corn stalks before, adjust the width of the appropriate stalk discharge opening 11.

The fertilization and seeding device: the fertilizer box 3 and the seed box 2 are arranged in the front and the rear, the fertilizer shovel 9 and the fertilizer discharger 13 are arranged in the lower part of the fertilizer box 3, and the ground wheel 1 is arranged in the lower part of the seed box 2 to drive the seed metering device 14 and 13. The fertilizer discharger 13 and the ground wheel 1 also play a role in fertilizing and suppressing after sowing.

The straw picking mechanism 6 picks up and pulverizes all the straw above the surface, and transports it to the middle of the auger to be discharged to the surface through the straw discharge port 11, and falls between the wide rows of corn. The fertilization and sowing openers work in the soil without straw coverage. It can realize the integrated operation of the seeder in the no-tillage clean area of the straw-covered land for wide and narrow row planting of corn.

The two sides of the rectangle of the straw discharge opening 11 are fixed with two pull plates by bolts, and the width of the rectangular opening can be changed. According to different wide row distances and the amount of corn stalks before, fix and block part of the area on both sides for targeted operations. The scheme is simple in structure and reliable in use.

The two sides of the rectangle of the straw discharge opening 11 are provided with pull plates that can be pulled to the two sides to change the width of the rectangle. The scheme is easy to adjust the width and easy to use.

The rectangular width of the straw discharge opening 11 can be changed in a range of 40-60 cm. When conventional corn is planted in wide and narrow rows, the wide row spacing is generally 90cm, and the narrow row spacing is generally 40cm. When traditionally planted with equal row spacing, the row spacing is generally 65cm. The present invention is designed and provided with the structure and scope of the present invention in accordance with the characteristics and requirements of such a work area.

The structure of the straw picking mechanism 6 is as follows: a horizontal rotating cutter shaft is arranged, and a plurality of straw-breaking knives are radially arranged on the cutter shaft; The direction is opposite to the rotation direction of the tractor wheel, and behind the straw-crushing knife is a horizontal auger 7. This also adopts and maintains the technical advantages of ZL201210397462.2.

The front three-point suspension 5 of the straw cleaning device is connected to the tractor, and the latter three-point suspension is connected to the fertilization and seeding device. The upper pull rod of the rear three-point suspension is a length-adjustable structure. All-in-one on a rear rack. To achieve convenient and reliable "all-in-one" effect.

Claims (5)

1. A no-tillage clean area planter suitable for corn wide and narrow row planting is characterized in that: the no-tillage clean area planter comprises two major main parts: a straw cleaning device in the front part and a fertilizing and seeding device in the rear part. part; The straw cleaning device; in the front part of the frame (12), a straw picking mechanism (6) driven by the rear power take-off shaft of the tractor and an auger (7) at the rear side in parallel and wrapped at the bottom of the auger (7) are arranged and the auger shell (8) with an arc-shaped back, the middle part of the auger shell (8) is provided with a straw discharge port (11) in a downward direction, and the unfolded shape of the straw discharge port (11) is a rectangle. The spiral directions of the left and right sections of the auger (7) are opposite, and the crushed straw is pushed from both sides to the middle; The rectangular width of the straw discharge opening (11) can be changed, and the change range is 40-60 cm; Said fertilizing and seeding device; a fertilizer box (3) and a seed box (2) are arranged in the front and rear, a fertilizer shovel (9) is arranged at the lower part of the fertilizer box (3), and a ground wheel (1) is arranged at the lower part of the seed box (2). ) to drive the seed metering device (14) and the fertilizer metering device (13). 2. The straw-covered no-tillage clean area planter suitable for corn wide and narrow row planting according to claim 1 is characterized in that there are two pull plates (15) on both sides of the rectangle of the straw discharge opening (11), Fixed by bolts, the width of the straw discharge opening (11) can be changed according to the width of the corn row. 3. The straw-covered no-tillage clean area planter suitable for corn wide and narrow row planting according to claim 1 is characterized in that the two sides of the rectangle of the straw discharge opening (11) are arranged so that the two sides can be pulled to change the straw discharge. A pull plate (15) with the width of the mouth (11). 4. The straw-covered no-tillage clean area planter suitable for corn wide and narrow row planting according to claim 1, characterized in that the structure of the straw picking mechanism (6) is: a horizontal rotating cutter shaft is arranged on the cutter shaft A plurality of straw-crushing knives are arranged radially, and the multiple straw-crushing knives are arranged on the knife shaft in a helical manner. Dragon (7). 5. The straw-covered no-tillage clean area planter suitable for corn wide and narrow row planting according to claim 1 is characterized in that the first three-point suspension (5) of the straw cleaning device is connected to the tractor, and the latter three-point suspension is connected to the tractor. The fertilization and seeding device is connected, and the upper pull rods suspended at the rear three points are of adjustable length.

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