CN103703995A - Method for planting tomato vegetables in greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting tomato vegetables in a greenhouse. The method includes the steps that a good variety which can mature early and is disease resistant, low-temperature resistant and weak-light resistant is selected, the seeding quantity ranges from 25g to 40g per mu, the temperature of the seedling growing greenhouse is kept ranging from 20 DEG C to 25 DEG C, seedling hardening is properly carried out 5-7 days before field planting, 3000kg of thoroughly-decomposed manures, 50kg of organic fertilizers and 40kg of ammonium bicarbonate are applied to each mu of land to serve as base fertilizers, when the temperature inside the greenhouse in the day is higher than 20 DEG C, strong seedlings with buds are selected to be transplanted, 3500-4000 seedlings are planted in each mu of land, row covers are erected after field planting is carried out, and picking is carried out after about 30 days. According to the method, a site is provided for scientific research and achievement transformation of the tomato vegetables, the combination of the science and technology and the production is promoted, the achievement transformation speed is quickened, and the achievement transformation rate is improved.

Description

The implantation methods of a kind of greenhouse tomato vegetables

Technical field

The invention belongs to tomato growing vegetables technical field, particularly relate to a kind of method of greenhouse tomato growing vegetables.

Background technology

Develop nuisanceless tomato vegetables and can effectively improve tomato quality of vegetable, guarantee the healthy of tomato vegetable safety, high-quality, nutrition, the guarantee people, improve the health of the people.Tomato vegetables are that necessity, the consumption in people's dietetic life is large, raising along with people's living standard, people also have higher requirement to tomato vegetables, scalar type by the past changes to mass type, best in quality, nutritious, safety and sanitation are people's inevitable requirements to tomato vegetables demand from now on.Nuisanceless tomato vegetables, green tomato vegetables and organic tomato vegetables, just should right people's consumer psychology and the variation of consumption idea.From the whole nation, the total amount that tomato vegetables produce is close to saturation state, but, this is the saturated of low level kind and quantity, and green tomato vegetables and organic tomato vegetables quantity delivered can not meet the growing market demand far away, total amount consumed constantly increases, and market capacity is large, and development space is wide.

In the suggestion > > of the < < General Office of the State Council about the construction of pool propelling new round the "shopping basket' project, point out: by strengthening production capacity, build, improve market circulation facility, the mode of accelerating development changes, innovation regulation and control security mechanism, promote vegetable basket project construction and step into production stable development, integration of production and sale is smooth and easy, quality safety is reliable, market fluctuation is controlled, peasant is stable to increase income, the sustainable development track that citizen receive more tangible benefits, by the effort of about 5 years, realize meat, egg, milk, fish, dish, the productions such as fruit are rationally distributed, total amount satisfies the demands, kind is abundanter, regulation and control adequate logistic support, working days supply is balanced.

Set up and improve industrialization of agricultural managing new mechanism, set up company and Farmers'profit connection relation, key will be held by emphasis aspect three: first, carry out " five is unified " way to manage of unified good seed kind, unified technical regulation, unified technological service, unified product standard, unitizing listing, reduce to greatest extent blindness and the randomness of peasant on producing, market awareness and the ability of progressively cultivating broad masses; The second, adopt advanced marketing methods, realize docking of enterprise and dealer, carry out the integration operation of leading enterprise, production peasant household, sales department; The 3rd, the mode of taking multiple interests to connect, set up novel industrialization management mechanism, the various ways such as service award of sharing out bonus, the sale of businessman is returned profit, agency by the income to peasant household, improve the running quality of facility tomato vegetables project, form enterprise, peasant household, intermediary, the businessman close connection of interests and the good situation of numerous the positive cooperations of link in many ways.In a word, the construction of facility tomato vegetables project is the major action that advances modern agricultural development, to rationally utilizing land resources, advance agricultural restructuring, increase farmers' income, improve Ecological Environment, accelerate agricultural industry upgrading, the development of drive Urban Modern Agriculture, guarantees that " vegetable basket " that enrich city dweller is by the huge effect of performance.

Summary of the invention

This project is to carry out large-scale green tomato vegetables production model according to modern tomato vegetables greenhouse by solar heat efficiently, and innovation tomato growing vegetables pattern and exploitation tomato New Vegetable Varieties, development scale tomato vegetables production facility pattern are in flakes important contents in national high-quality tomato vegetables engineering.The tomato vegetables of nuisanceless tomato vegetables few in number, green tomato vegetables, organic tomato vegetables, health are deeply welcomed by the people in the market, it has complied with the consumption tide trend in food consumption market, in supermarket, the market of farm produce is all easy-to-sell goods, supply falls short of demand.It is support that modern ecological agricultural advanced technology is take in the present invention, realize facilityization cultivation and reach green tomato vegetables year-round supply, normal fresh object of the four seasons, with market competition inside and outside high-quality, safe green food participating country, its development prospect and development space are very good, have the very strong market competitiveness.

The invention discloses for achieving the above object following technology contents:

An implantation methods for greenhouse tomato, is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:

(1) select the improved seeds of precocity, disease-resistant, low temperature resistant, low light tolerance, every mu of seeding quantity 25-30 gram, seedling growth greenhouse temperature remains on 20～25 ℃;

(2) first 5～7 days suitable hardenings of field planting, every mu of land for growing field crops is executed 40 kilograms, 3000 kilograms, the muck that becomes thoroughly decomposed, 50 kilograms of fertilizers, carbon ammonium and is made base manure;

(3) in canopy, day temperature is when more than 20 ℃, and select tape flower bud is transplanted strong sprout, plants 3500～4000 strains for every mu;

(4) administrative skill after field planting: for promoting slow seedling, answer airtight hut after field planting, improve the gentle ground temperature of canopy, reach 35 ℃ daytime, ground temperature can reach more than 16 ℃ at night, after slow seedling, should reduce by leaking informaton canopy temperature, keep 28-30 ℃ daytime, when night, temperature was not less than 10-12 ℃, when daily mean temperature is stabilized to 18 ℃, can remove canopy film above, proceed to open country growth, thereafter bay, training in time, enters normal management, (5) water and fertilizer management: after the slow seedling of tomato plant, once urge seed manure after 7-10 days in conjunction with watering to impose, every mu imposes 500 kilograms of loose stools, then restrain the growth of seedlings, when the first fringe really starts to expand, in conjunction with watering every mu, impose urea 15-20 kilogram, the first fringe really will be received, when the second fringe really expands, every mu imposes 10 kilograms, urea, waters water one time every 7, in the full bearing period, the urea of foliage-spray 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.2-0.3%, prevents early ageing, (6) plant is adjusted: after restraining the growth of seedlings, watered water, bay in time, general early tomato stays 3 sections of fruits, 1 meter of every of high hack lever is inserted one, the frame head that adjacent two row is four is held together, after inserting, tie up in time climing, should below every fringe fruit, tie up once, when the flowers are in blossom in Sansui, should stay 1-2 sheet leaf in the above, early pinching reduces nutrient consumption, short fruit is expanded precocity, first, after two fringes are really gathered, the aging yellow leaf in bottom is destroyed, in order to prevent fallen flowers, at every morning 8-9 point, to by the flower of opening and new blown, with 2 of 10-20PPM, 4-D dips in flower or with the clever spraying decoration of the tomato of 25-30PPM.

Implantation methods of the present invention, wherein said improved seeds refer to: early rich, cooperation 906 of Xi'an or rosy clouds powder kind.

It should be noted that the planting greenhouse of greenhouse tomato, the inventor has proposed application to Patent Office of country, and name is called a kind of implantation methods of greenhouse vegetable.

The northern kind of tomato is firmly got people and is liked with the thick sweet and sour taste of fruit pork.Tomato was grown seedlings in early November, field planting mid-February in next year, and mid or late April starts listing, and early July receives clear; Select improved seeds precocious, disease-resistant, low temperature resistant, low light tolerance, 35 grams of every mu of seeding quantitys, seedling growth greenhouse temperature remains on 20～25 ℃, first 5～7 days suitable hardenings of field planting, and every mu of land for growing field crops is executed 40 kilograms, 3 000 kilograms, the muck that becomes thoroughly decomposed, 50 kilograms of fertilizers, carbon ammonium and is made base manure.In canopy, day temperature is when more than 20 ℃, and select tape flower bud is transplanted strong sprout, plants 3500～4000 strains for every mu, takes little shed after field planting, meets on cold current booth and adds a cover straw screen or mat, attention control gray mold, early blight and insect pest.The tomato index of gathering in the crops is as follows:

Society and ecological benefits that the implantation methods of greenhouse tomato vegetables disclosed by the invention has are:

(1) social benefit

Project construction can produce huge social benefit, the local peasant that not only gets rich, increase local finance income, and will drive tomato vegetables industry to melt the development of sending out with rural economy.The one, promote agricultural structure adjustment.By this project implementation, do industry restructuring well, accelerate to promote the construction of nuisanceless tomato vegetables industry and development level.Simultaneously can be to surrounding area provide seed, seedling to more wide scope, further optimize agricultural structure.The 2nd, to society, provide safety food, nuisanceless tomato vegetables, green tomato vegetables, provide industrialization production model and complete technology and technique, the standardization and the internationalization that advance green tomato vegetables to produce.San Shiwei surplus rural labor force provides more job, and 300-400 people's job can be directly provided.The 4th, for the scientific research of tomato vegetables and achievements conversion provide place, advance science and technology with the combination of producing, accelerate speed and the conversion ratio of achievements conversion.

(2) ecological benefits

Project construction is based on protection and is improved the ecological environment, and whole Project Areas tomato vegetables produce and adopt green tomato vegetables production technology, is conducive to ecotope to benign cycle future development.By project construction, can improve agricultural organic waste comprehensive treatment technique, increase organic manure, reduce chemical fertilizer, applications of pesticide amount, increase soil fertility, improve soil aggregate.After project is built up, will form benign ecological cycles, realize agriculture sustainable development.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described, and following embodiment is illustrative, is not determinate, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with following embodiment.Various raw material of the present invention all has commercially available.Early rich, cooperation 906 of Xi'an or rosy clouds powder kind have commercially available; 2,4-D, tomato spirit, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, ethrel liquid also have commercially available." part " in following examples refer to kilogram or gram, according to the situation of actual production, selected.

Embodiment 1

Reference example

The implantation methods of a kind of greenhouse tomato vegetables

Single-ridgepole glasshouse construction area 740 square meters (1.035 mu), are two conjuncted shape greenhouses of thing, east construction area 240 square meters, specification: long 20 meters * wide 12 meters.Front wall is high 2.5 meters, and rear wall is high 4.5 meters.Rear top is the sunlight board of wide 2 meters * 20 meters of length, and inner side is the solar panel of 2 meters * 20 meters, and front top is the canopy film of wide 10 meters * 20 meters of length.Top, greenhouse is the highest 5.5 meters.Western part is energy-saving warm house booth, and long 55.5 meters * wide 9 meters, the high 2.5 meters of semi-slope canopy films of rear wall cover.Both sides body of wall and middle wall body leave the fan hole of 2 diameter 80cm.

Wherein inside greenhouse temperature design control model is: 32 ℃ of temperature, humidity 50% interval; Utilize pipeline sprinkling water smoke, ventilation fan to form mobile internal gas flow; Winter, generally outside air temperature, on average at-6 ℃, utilized heat-preservation cotton to be effectively incubated night, and such temperature indoor temperature can be lower than 15 ℃, temperature 8-10 degree in winter greenhouse.

Tomato was grown seedlings in early November, field planting mid-February in next year, and mid or late April starts listing, and early July receives clear; Select improved seeds precocious, disease-resistant, low temperature resistant, low light tolerance, 35 grams of every mu of seeding quantitys, seedling growth greenhouse temperature remains on 20～25 ℃, first 5～7 days suitable hardenings of field planting, and every mu of land for growing field crops is executed 40 kilograms, 3 000 kilograms, the muck that becomes thoroughly decomposed, 50 kilograms of fertilizers, carbon ammonium and is made base manure.In canopy, day temperature is when more than 20 ℃, and select tape flower bud is transplanted strong sprout, plants 3 500～4 000 strains for every mu, takes little shed after field planting, meets on cold current booth and adds a cover straw screen or mat, attention control gray mold, early blight and insect pest.Inside greenhouse temperature design control model is: 12 ℃ of temperature, humidity 30%% interval.Utilize pipeline sprinkling water smoke, ventilation fan to form mobile internal gas flow.Winter generally outside air temperature on average-6 ℃ of left and right, utilize night heat-preservation cotton to be effectively incubated, such temperature indoor temperature can be lower than 15 ℃, and winter, night, extreme temperature can reach-16 ℃ sometimes, at this moment just must heat so that burning boiler is auxiliary, make warm indoor temperature be not less than 10 degree.Major measure is to select high yield, Resistant kind, adjusts cropping system, adopts kind, rice field-upland field rotation.Physical control is to take frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp insect-killing trapping.Disease control: first-selected biology insect-pest method is as Bt, matrine etc., select optimum control period, accomplish should preventing in season of each tomato vegetable variety susceptible disease evil, measure comprehensively, put in place, during removing the evil, select high-efficiency low-toxicity low-residual preparation, sick worm was eliminated in the spot film emergence period.Forbid to use the contour malicious persistent pesticide of organic phosphor on tomato vegetables, strictly observe the safety interval of gathering, fertilising, spray medicine are carried out integrated, accomplish the whole process control of producing, guarantee to produce the product that meets green tomato vegetables quality standard-required, meet the demand in market.

Embodiment 2

An implantation methods for greenhouse tomato, is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:

(1) select the improved seeds (rosy clouds powder) of precocity, disease-resistant, low temperature resistant, low light tolerance, 25 grams of every mu of seeding quantitys, seedling growth greenhouse temperature remains on 25 ℃;

(2) first 5 days suitable hardenings of field planting, every mu of land for growing field crops is executed 40 kilograms, 3000 kilograms, the muck that becomes thoroughly decomposed, 50 kilograms of fertilizers, carbon ammonium and is made base manure;

(3) in canopy, day temperature is when more than 20 ℃, and select tape flower bud is transplanted strong sprout, plants 3500 strains for every mu;

(4) administrative skill after field planting: be the slow seedling of promotion after field planting, answer airtight hut, improve the gentle ground temperature of canopy, reach 35 ℃ daytime, ground temperature can reach more than 16 ℃ at night, after slow seedling, should reduce by leaking informaton canopy temperature, keep 28 ℃ daytime, should not be over 30 ℃, in the afternoon to early close canopy insulation, when daytime temperature reaches more than 20 ℃, can open canopy film makes rice shoot fully see light, the environment in the outer border of contact, when night, temperature was not less than 12 ℃, night is epiphragma no longer, until after late frost finishes, when being stabilized to 18 ℃, daily mean temperature can remove canopy film above, proceed to open country growth, thereafter timely bay, training, enter normal management, (5) water and fertilizer management: tomato plant is large, result is many, root absorption ability is strong, need water more, after slow seedling, after 7-10 days, in conjunction with watering to impose, once urge seed manure, every mu imposes 500 kilograms of loose stools, then restrain the growth of seedlings, when the first fringe really starts to expand, in conjunction with watering every mu, impose 15 kilograms, urea, water the water yield unsuitable excessive, the first fringe really will be received, when the second fringe really expands, every mu imposes 10 kilograms, urea, because water requirement increases, every about 7 days, water a water, but topdressing pours water, want evenly, otherwise, be prone to cavity fruit or blossom-end rot, in the full bearing period, also can carry out foliage-spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, or 0.2% urea, prevent early ageing, (6) plant is adjusted: after restraining the growth of seedlings, watered water, and bay in time, general early tomato stays 3 sections of fruits, and 1 meter of every of high hack lever is inserted one, and the frame head that adjacent two row is four is held together, and ties up in time after slotting climingly, should tie up once below really at every fringe.Tomato divides principal stresses strong, and almost leaf leaf has wooden fork, should prune in time and beat little wooden fork, when the flowers are in blossom in Sansui, should stay 1-2 sheet leaf in the above, early pinching reduces nutrient consumption, short fruit is expanded precocity, after first and second fringe is really gathered, the aging yellow leaf in bottom should be destroyed, in order to prevent fallen flowers, except strengthening management, can be at every mornings 8 point, to by the flower of opening and new blown, with 2 of 10PPM, 4-D dips in flower .

Embodiment 3

(1) select the improved seeds (Xi'an is early rich) of precocity, disease-resistant, low temperature resistant, low light tolerance, 30 grams of every mu of seeding quantitys, seedling growth greenhouse temperature remains on 25 ℃;

(2) first 7 days suitable hardenings of field planting, every mu of land for growing field crops is executed 40 kilograms, 3000 kilograms, the muck that becomes thoroughly decomposed, 50 kilograms of fertilizers, carbon ammonium and is made base manure;

(3) in canopy, day temperature is when more than 20 ℃, and select tape flower bud is transplanted strong sprout, plants 4000 strains for every mu;

(4) administrative skill after field planting: be the slow seedling of promotion after field planting, answer airtight hut, improve the gentle ground temperature of canopy, reach 35 ℃ daytime, ground temperature can reach more than 16 ℃ at night, after slow seedling, should reduce by leaking informaton canopy temperature, keep 28 ℃ daytime, should not be over 30 ℃, in the afternoon to early close canopy insulation, when daytime temperature reaches more than 20 ℃, can open canopy film makes rice shoot fully see light, the environment in the outer border of contact, when night, temperature was not less than 10 ℃, night is epiphragma no longer, until after late frost finishes, when being stabilized to 18 ℃, daily mean temperature can remove canopy film above, proceed to open country growth, thereafter timely bay, training, enter normal management, (5) water and fertilizer management: tomato plant is large, result is many, root absorption ability is strong, need water more, slow seedling was once urged seed manure in conjunction with watering to impose after 10 days, every mu imposes 500 kilograms of loose stools, then restrain the growth of seedlings, when the first fringe really starts to expand, in conjunction with watering every mu, impose 20 kilograms, urea, water the water yield unsuitable excessive, the first fringe really will be received, when the second fringe really expands, every mu imposes 10 kilograms, urea, because water requirement increases, every about 7 days, water a water, but topdressing pours water, want evenly, otherwise, be prone to cavity fruit or blossom-end rot, in the full bearing period, also can carry out the urea of foliage-spray 0.3%, prevent early ageing,

(6) plant is adjusted: after restraining the growth of seedlings, watered water, and bay in time, general early tomato stays 3 sections of fruits, and 1 meter of every of high hack lever is inserted one, and the frame head that adjacent two row is four is held together, and ties up in time after slotting climingly, should tie up once below really at every fringe.Tomato divides principal stresses strong, and almost leaf leaf has wooden fork, should prune in time and beat little wooden fork, when the flowers are in blossom in Sansui, should stay 2 leaves in the above, early pinching reduces nutrient consumption, and short fruit is expanded precocity, after first and second fringe is really gathered, the aging yellow leaf in bottom should be destroyed, in order to prevent fallen flowers, except strengthening management, can be at every mornings 9 point, to by the flower of opening and new blown, with 2 of 10PPM, 4-D dips in flower, in order to early go public, increases income, can when really by green bleaching, with 1000mg/kg ethrel liquid, be coated with fruit, short really early red.

Claims (2)

1. an implantation methods for greenhouse tomato, is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:

(1) select the improved seeds of precocity, disease-resistant, low temperature resistant, low light tolerance, every mu of seeding quantity 25-30 gram, seedling growth greenhouse temperature remains on 20～25 ℃;

(2) first 5～7 days suitable hardenings of field planting, every mu of land for growing field crops is executed 40 kilograms, 3000 kilograms, the muck that becomes thoroughly decomposed, 50 kilograms of fertilizers, carbon ammonium and is made base manure;

(3) in canopy, day temperature is when more than 20 ℃, and select tape flower bud is transplanted strong sprout, plants 3500～4000 strains for every mu;

(4) administrative skill after field planting: for promoting slow seedling, answer airtight hut after field planting, improve the gentle ground temperature of canopy, reach 35 ℃ daytime, ground temperature can reach more than 16 ℃ at night, after slow seedling, should reduce by leaking informaton canopy temperature, keep 28-30 ℃ daytime, when night, temperature was not less than 10-12 ℃, when daily mean temperature is stabilized to 18 ℃, can remove canopy film above, proceed to open country growth, thereafter bay, training in time, enters normal management, (5) water and fertilizer management: after the slow seedling of tomato plant, once urge seed manure after 7-10 days in conjunction with watering to impose, every mu imposes 500 kilograms of loose stools, then restrain the growth of seedlings, when the first fringe really starts to expand, in conjunction with watering every mu, impose urea 15-20 kilogram, the first fringe really will be received, when the second fringe really expands, every mu imposes 10 kilograms, urea, waters water one time every 7, in the full bearing period, the urea of foliage-spray 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.2-0.3%, prevents early ageing, (6) plant is adjusted: after restraining the growth of seedlings, watered water, bay in time, general early tomato stays 3 sections of fruits, 1 meter of every of high hack lever is inserted one, the frame head that adjacent two row is four is held together, after inserting, tie up in time climing, should below every fringe fruit, tie up once, when the flowers are in blossom in Sansui, should stay 1-2 sheet leaf in the above, early pinching reduces nutrient consumption, short fruit is expanded precocity, first, after two fringes are really gathered, the aging yellow leaf in bottom is destroyed, in order to prevent fallen flowers, at every morning 8-9 point, to by the flower of opening and new blown, with 2 of 10-20PPM, 4-D dips in flower or with the clever spraying decoration of the tomato of 25-30PPM.

2. implantation methods claimed in claim 1, wherein said improved seeds refer to: early rich, cooperation 906 of Xi'an or rosy clouds powder kind.