CN103641522A - Crop straw decomposition agent and application method thereof - Google Patents
Crop straw decomposition agent and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103641522A CN103641522A CN201310611671.7A CN201310611671A CN103641522A CN 103641522 A CN103641522 A CN 103641522A CN 201310611671 A CN201310611671 A CN 201310611671A CN 103641522 A CN103641522 A CN 103641522A
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a crop straw decomposition agent. The crop straw decomposition agent is composed of the following components by mass percent: 20%-30% of bacillus subtilis, 20%-30% of aspergillus niger, 10%-15% of candida utilis, 15%-20% of trichoderma viride, 10%-15% of aspergillus oryzae and 1%-2% of cellulase. In order to solve the problems such that current straws are directly returned to fields, and the temperature rise is slow, the decomposition is slow and the decomposition effect is poor when the straws are used for composting an organic fertilizer, crop straw decomposition is tested for a plurality of years, microorganism strains and biological enzyme preparations are continuously screened, and finally, the bacillus subtilis, the aspergillus niger, the candida utilis, the trichoderma viride, the aspergillus oryzae and the cellulase are prepared into the crop straw decomposition agent according to the scheme. The four fungi are not antagonistic and combined with the cellulase to have a synergistic interaction effect and the straws can be rapidly decomposed.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to agricultural crop straw processing technology field, be specifically related to a kind of using method of microorganism-decomposing agent He this microorganism-decomposing agent of quick composting agricultural crop straw.
Background technology:
Agricultural crop straw is one of material enriching the most in the world, whole world crop material output is about 29.41 hundred million tons, the agricultural crop straw output of China probably has 700,000,000 tons every year, wherein make straw feed, the stalk energy, stalk papermaking and building materials etc. and account for 2/3rds, and 1/3rd be all dropped or incinerate.Agricultural crop straw is a valuable source of farm crop production system, it contains the multiple effective constituent being utilized, except the overwhelming majority is carbon, also contain the effective constituents such as the elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, calcium and Mierocrystalline cellulose and half fiber, xylogen, protein, amino acid.Due to farmland, use a large amount of chemical fertilizer and use less fertilizer in recent years, cause that soil compaction, the soil organism are too low, soil pollution, soil loses vigor, and makes soil in a kind of sub-health state.Adopt the mode of straw directly returning to field can improve the soil organism, improve soil physico-chemical property, but straw decomposing is slow, its effective constituent this season crop utilization seldom, also be unfavorable for farmland operation, therefore probing into and release a kind of crop straw decomposing inoculant makes crop material quick composting, applies farmland, to advancing agriculture Sustainable development to have very important realistic meaning after improving the operability of straw-returning or straw compost being made to fertilizer.Existing biological straw decomposing agent mostly exists decomposing agent is added after stalk, and it is low that microorganism can not be brought back to life fast, surely grown, enzyme producing microbe is lived etc., is difficult for making the defect of stalk quick composting, haves much room for improvement.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention is directed to the halfway present situation of becoming thoroughly decomposed when agricultural crop straw direct returning to farmland becomes thoroughly decomposed slow or fertilizer processed, a kind of crop straw decomposing inoculant being comprised of microorganism, biological enzyme and using method are provided, make agricultural crop straw also Tanaka's quick composting, stalk heap become thoroughly decomposed thoroughly while making fertilizer.
A crop straw decomposing inoculant, forms by following mass ratio: withered grass Bacillussubtilis 20～30%, aspergillus niger 20～30%, Candida utilis 10～15%, viride 15～20%, aspergillus oryzae 10～15%, cellulase 1～2%.
A crop straw decomposing inoculant, forms by following mass ratio: withered grass Bacillussubtilis 24～26%, aspergillus niger 23～27%, Candida utilis 12～13%, viride 17～19%, aspergillus oryzae 12～14%, cellulase 1.4～1.7%.
A kind of using method of crop straw decomposing inoculant, comprise the steps: after crop harvesting, original place is taped against earth's surface by crushed stalk immediately, on stalk, spread 150～200 kilograms of one deck farm manure, urine or methane liquids, then 2 kilograms of crop straw decomposing inoculants, add 3～5 times of fine earths of decomposing agent volume, be evenly sprinkling upon on stalk and turn over immediately, the degree of depth, 10～15 centimetres of left and right, is controlled crop material and soil moisture content in 60% left and right.
A kind of using method of crop straw decomposing inoculant, comprise the steps: after crop harvesting, original place is taped against earth's surface by crushed stalk immediately, 5～8 kilograms of urea are dissolved in 50～80 kg of water, then evenly spill on stalk, then 2 kilograms of crop straw decomposing inoculants, add 3～5 times of fine earths of decomposing agent volume, evenly be sprinkling upon on stalk and turn over immediately, the degree of depth, 10～15 centimetres of left and right, is controlled crop material and soil moisture content in 60% left and right.
A kind of using method of crop straw decomposing inoculant, comprise the steps: 3～5 centimetres of left and right of every 1000 kilograms of crops stalk crushings, add 15～20 kilograms of 2 kilograms of crop straw decomposing inoculants, 150～200 kilograms of human and animal excretas or 5～8 kilograms, urea or carbon ammoniums, after mix and blend, stack processing, layering is splashed, and to make mixture water content be 60% left and right to moisture, then with plastic cloth, covers, when temperature raises more than 55 degree, turning in every 5～7 days once, the use of can becoming thoroughly decomposed in approximately 20～30 days.Above method is forbidden mixed with bactericidal pesticide; Stalk generally can be used after harvesting, and now moisture is suitable, is conducive to growth; When crop material disease and pest seriously occurs, be suitable for and stalk is carried out to the edge of a field become thoroughly decomposed after fermentation and use.
The present invention is directed to current straw directly returning to field and heat up slow, become thoroughly decomposed slow, the problems such as weak effect of becoming thoroughly decomposed during with stalk composting organic fertilizer, by for many years agricultural crop straw being become thoroughly decomposed and is tested, constantly microbial strains and biological enzyme formulation are screened, withered grass Bacillussubtilis, aspergillus niger, Candida utilis, viride, aspergillus oryzae, cellulase become crop straw decomposing inoculant by above scheme compatibility the most at last.Four kinds of bacterium are antagonism not mutually, combine and there is synergistic function with cellulase, can promote stalk to decompose and become thoroughly decomposed rapidly, organic substance that can not complete utilization absorbed by crops, be decomposed into the small molecules nutritive substance of the complete utilization absorbed by crops of energy, in digest process, these microbial inoculums also produce a large amount of active substances, to improving crop resistance (disease-resistant, cold-resistant, drought resisting), have played active effect.Crop straw decomposing inoculant is applied to after stalk, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae are Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, the powerful decomposer of xylogen (claiming " three elements "), having higher " three plain enzymes " enzyme lives, their spore produces heat 10 ℃ of above sproutings rapidly, improve local ambient temperature, simultaneously, under the biocatalysis of cellulase, in stalk, part cellulose decomposition becomes oligosaccharides or monose, and the microorganism in microbial inoculum can by these sugar and temperature is quick is brought back to life and determines reproductive growth; Viride has very high cellulase activity, rapid decomposablely take Mierocrystalline cellulose as main stalk; Subtilis has stronger capacity of decomposition to three plain enzymes, having three higher plain enzyme enzymes lives, promote straw decomposing, subtilis can produce subtilyne, polymyxin, nystatin, linear gramicidins isoreactivity thing in growth and breeding process, these active substances can suppress the growth of crop pathogenic bacterium, improve crop resistance; Candida utilis can decompose the meta-bolites that utilizes aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, subtilis, eliminate the growth-inhibiting effect of these materials to the former, four kinds of bacterium and cellulase synergistic accelerate straw decomposing process, the mineral substance such as the nitrogen in abundant release stalk, phosphorus, potassium, improve straw decomposing effect, shorten and become thoroughly decomposed the time.After microorganism in microbial inoculum contacts with soil, can ramp breed, incorporate indigenous microorganism extended family.After the stalk that the present invention is become thoroughly decomposed is manured into soil, can effectively improve soil physico-chemical property, improve the soil organism, improve available nutrient content in soil, improve the output of this season crop.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Crop straw decomposing inoculant is in the upper demonstration effect of wheat (maize straw)
1 materials and methods
1.1 for showing material
Be illustrated in and be arranged in slab bridge experimental plot outside hi-tech park, Henan Province in October, 2011, for showing that soil is little two to close soil, field face is smooth, and fertility is even, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, and plantation level is suitable with local production level, and the front soil nutrient content of demonstration is in Table 1.For examination crop material, be maize straw, this season crop is wheat, and kind is many wheats No. 1, and method of application is that straw-returning is turned over.For showing that crop straw decomposing inoculant effluent Nan Baorong bio tech ltd provides.
1.2 for showing method
Demonstration adopts great Qu control methods.If model field (5 mu of areas) and contrast two processing in field (5 mu of areas), do not establish repetition.
Process 1(model field): conventional fertilizer application+full dose straw-returning+mu is with supplying to show 2 kilograms of crop straw decomposing inoculants (mixing thoroughly on the rear stalk evenly spreading fertilizer over the fields after pulverizing with appropriate fine earth); Described crop straw decomposing inoculant, forms by following mass ratio: withered grass Bacillussubtilis 26%, aspergillus niger 27%, Candida utilis 12%, viride 19%, aspergillus oryzae 15%, cellulase 1%.
Process 2(contrast field): conventional fertilizer application+full dose straw-returning+fine earth identical with model field
Demonstration is carried out on the basis of conventional fertilizer application, conventional fertilizer application is mu base sealing fertilizer (15～15～15) 50 kilograms, 10 kilograms, urea, period of seedling establishment mu imposes 10 kilograms, urea, demonstration ground maize straw is pulverized total crop return on October 10th, 2011, by the requirement of exemplary scheme, crop straw decomposing inoculant and appropriate fine earth are mixed thoroughly on the rear stalk evenly spreading fertilizer over the fields after pulverizing, deep ploughing is field also, demonstration ground wheat was sowed on October 20th, 2011, on June 6th, 2012 gathers in the crops, during results, each is processed and selects at random 3 points, each point is got at random the sampling point of 9 square metres and is carried out field investigation, survey and produce and species test, demonstration is except using decomposing agent by scheme requirement, other control measures are all produced with contrast field.
Before and after demonstration, gather respectively pedotheque, analyze unit weight, organic matter, full nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium, slowly available potassium, P Η value (in Table 1).
After using crop straw decomposing inoculant straw-returning, at the 10th day, 30 days, 60 days, 150 days, observe the qualitative decomposition degree of record stalk, employing stalk tensile strength method mensuration straw decomposition degree (mountain degree SH-500 type).Straw decomposition degree can qualitative comparison, during statistics, Huang, micro-Huang, brown Huang, black Huang in stalk color is decided to be respectively to 1,2,3,4 grade; Musty in stalk smell, ammonia taste, vinosity, putrid taste are decided to be respectively 1,2,3,4 grade; Hard, Microsoft in feel softening degree, soft, rot to be decided to be respectively 1,2,3,4 grade, during statistics, each decomposition degree numerical value in processing is three norms rating value sum, the stalk of larger this processing of expression of numerical value rots faster, the effect of becoming thoroughly decomposed is more obvious.
2 results and analysis
2.1 use the impact of crop straw decomposing inoculant on soil physical and chemical property
Use crop straw decomposing inoculant and improved soil physical and chemical property, as can be seen from Table 1: after demonstration, the soil weight reduces obviously, model field with contrast field, demonstration before compare, the soil organism, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, full nitrogen have all increased, before available potassium, slowly available potassium and test, change little, but with contrast field and improved than obviously, P in soil H value is with before test and to contrast field basically identical, explanation, on the basis of conventional fertilizer application, is used organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, total nitrogen content that crop straw decomposing inoculant has reduced the soil weight, improved soil.
The variation of soil property before and after table 1 demonstration
2.2 use the impact of crop straw decomposing inoculant on situations such as maize straw color, feel, shearing strength, smells
Use crop straw decomposing inoculant on the impact of maize straw color, feel, shearing strength, smell in Table 2.As shown in Table 2, straw-returning is after 10 days, and to compare variation more obvious with contrasting field for the colour-change of model field maize straw, but smell, feel, shearing strength change little; After straw-returning 30 days, 60 days, 150 days, model field with contrast field and compare, the color of maize straw, smell and feel change little, but it is obvious that shearing strength changes, especially after 60 days, illustrate and use crop straw decomposing inoculant the become thoroughly decomposed impact of degree is obvious on maize straw.
The progress of becoming thoroughly decomposed of table 2 maize straw
2.3 use one-tenth product factor and the output that crop straw decomposing inoculant has affected wheat
As shown in Table 3, model field is compared with contrasting field, and plant height, spike length be not impact almost, and mu spike number, tiller number, grain number per spike, output have raising in various degree, and thousand seed weight declines to some extent.Explanation is on the basis of conventional fertilizer application, and using crop straw decomposing inoculant is to improve wheat yield by affecting colony's number and the grain number per spike of wheat, compares with contrasting field, and model field volume increase reaches 4.92%.
Table 3 field investigation and species test cartogram
2.4 use the impact of crop straw decomposing inoculant on wheat yield
As shown in Table 4, model field is compared with contrasting field, and wheat yield has increased, volume increase 4.92%, in conjunction with above, analyze knownly, on the basis of conventional fertilizer application, use crop straw decomposing inoculant and be by affecting colony's number of wheat and output that grain number per spike improves wheat.
Table 4 yield result cartogram
3, brief summary
Demonstration result shows: on the basis of conventional fertilizer application, use crop straw decomposing inoculant and compare with contrasting field, soil physical and chemical property improves obviously, and the progress of becoming thoroughly decomposed of maize straw is obviously accelerated, and has improved wheat yield, and units increased in production is 4.92%.
Embodiment 2
1 materials and methods
1.1 test sites: Yao Cun township, Langxi County, Anhui
1.2 for trying soil: experimental plot soil is rice soil, organic 21.2g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 142mg/kg, available phosphorus 25.1mg/kg, available potassium 107mg/kg.
1.3 for trying crop varieties: Jinan 17
1.4 test design
Process one: conventional fertilizer application+straw-returning+crop straw decomposing inoculant
Conventional fertilizer application (N:10kg/ mu+P
2o
52.4kg/ mu+K
2o3kg/ mu)+straw-returning (6000kg/hm
2)+crop straw decomposing inoculant (2kg/ mu mixes and mixes the compound of making thoroughly with 20 kilograms of fine earth).Described crop straw decomposing inoculant, forms by following mass ratio: withered grass Bacillussubtilis 25%, aspergillus niger 29%, Candida utilis 14%, viride 18%, aspergillus oryzae 12%, cellulase 2%.
Process two: conventional fertilizer application+straw-returning+other producer's decomposing agents
Conventional fertilizer application (N:10kg/ mu+P
2o
52.4kg/ mu+K
2o3kg/ mu)+straw-returning (6000kg/hm
2)+other producer's decomposing agents (2kg/ mu mixes and mixes the compound of making thoroughly with 20 kilograms of fine earth)
Process three (CK): conventional fertilizer application+straw-returning+20 kilogram fine earth
Conventional fertilizer application (N:10kg/ mu+P
2o
52.4kg/ mu+K
2o3kg/ mu)+straw-returning (6000kg/hm
2)
Three processing, in triplicate, totally 9 communities, random district group is arranged, community area 50m
2.
1.5 Main Cultivation control measures
For examination wheat, in sowing in the last ten-days period in September then, gather in the crops mid-June next year. whole ground straw directly returning to field 6000kg/hm before plantation
2, after straw-returning, by three processing, first use straw decomposing inoculant, then use base manure, evenly turn over and bury afterwards. according to testing program fertilising, each is processed, and to control the control measures such as worm, intertill and clean tillage identical.2, test results and analysis
The impact of 2.1 different treatment on straw decomposition speed
The feature of straw decomposing: 1, stalk overstrike; 2, get become thoroughly decomposed after stalk a small amount of, after adding clear water and stirring, (material-water ratio example is generally 1:5-10) places 3-5 minute, it is faint yellow that leach liquor is; 3, become thoroughly decomposed whether color, material structure be loose, foul smelling etc. whether.
Through experimental observation, record and to show: test aftertreatment in 20 days one and processes two stalk colors and be brown, take a morsel become thoroughly decomposed after stalk, (material-water ratio example is generally 1:5-10) placement 3-5 minute after adding clear water and stirring, it is faint yellow that leach liquor is; Process three stalk colors and be faint yellow, with the stalk that hand is rubbed after fermentation, be difficult for being fragment, the stalk that takes a morsel, adds clear water and stirs rear (material-water ratio example is generally 1:5-10) placement 3-5 minute, and leach liquor colour-change is little.(in Table 5)
The impact of table 5 different treatment on straw decomposition speed
| Process | Stalk color after 20 days | With hand, rub the rear stalk of fermentation |
| Process one | Brown | Easily be fragment |
| Process two | Brown | Easily be fragment |
| Process three | Faint yellow | Be not fragment |
The impact of 2.2 different treatment on wheat economic characters
Table 6 different treatment economic characters table
As can be seen from Table 6, process one aspect mature spike number, grain number per spike, thousand seed weight all than processing two and process three height.
2.3 different treatment are on the impact of wheat yield (in Table 7)
As shown in Table 7, what output was the highest is to process one, is 7619.36kg/hm
2, to process one and increase production 5.08% than processing two, processing one increases production 25.70% than processing three, and processing two ratios are processed three volume increase 19.62%, between processing one, processing two and processing three, reach significant difference.
Table 7 different treatment output
2.4 different treatment are on wheat economic benefit impact (in Table 8)
Test-results shows, use the processing one of decomposing agent, respectively than processing two, processing 24.55 kgs/acre, 103.84 kgs/acre of three volume increase, wheat is by 2.04 yuan of/kilogram of calculating of local market price, process one respectively than processing two, process three and increase by 50.08 yuan/mu of the output values, 211.83 yuan/mu; In the situation that not considering that other drop into (as seed, artificial, agricultural chemicals etc.), produce to throw and process 1 than being respectively, processing two is 9.39, processing three is that 9.16(is in Table 6).
Table 8 different treatment affects wheat economic benefit
3, conclusion (of pressure testing)
3.1 processing of using stalk rotting agent can be accelerated straw decomposition
Through field observation, record and show, application decomposing agent, can accelerate straw decomposition, urges rotten stalk effect remarkable.
3.2 stalk rotting agents can improve wheat economic characters
The mature spike number of wheat, grain number per spike and thousand seed weight are had to obvious improvement.
3.3 obvious effect of increasing production, increase economic efficiency
Use the processing one of decomposing agent respectively than processing two, processing 24.55 kgs/acre, 103.8 kgs/acre of three volume increase, by 2.04 yuan of/kilogram of calculating of local market valency, process one than processing two, process three and increase respectively 50.08 yuan/mu of the output values, 211.83 yuan/mu, improved wheat economic benefit.
Embodiment 3
1, materials and methods
1.1 experimental cultivars: weighing apparatus 4444
1.2 test sites: little Bei Wang village, Wuxiang is said by Yongnian County, Hebei
1.3 test design
Test is carried out in different plot respectively, and two plot are at a distance of 5 kms, and soil fertility situation differs larger.Three processing are established in test, process one: experimental plot, south, little Bei Wang village, 1000 square metres of areas, use crop straw decomposing inoculant and process, when harvest corn, maize straw is smashed, spread uniformly field, before wheat cultivation at least 20 days, be sprinkled into uniformly 2 kgs/acre of crop straw decomposing inoculants, then plough, whole ground, crop straw decomposing inoculant and topsoil gong are fully mixed;
A crop straw decomposing inoculant, forms by following mass ratio: withered grass Bacillussubtilis 26%, aspergillus niger 26%, Candida utilis 13%, viride 20%, aspergillus oryzae 13.5%, cellulase 1.5%.
Process two: little Bei Wang village is experimental plot in the east, 1000 square metres of areas, processing mode is identical with processing one;
Process three (CK): each 1000 square metres, experimental plot, south, little Bei Wang village and in the east experimental plot, processing three is general planting, both maize straw direct returning to farmland, did not do any processing.Three processing other apply fertilizer, water, the field management such as laxative is identical.
2, results and analysis
In 2.1 farmlands, organic materials changes
Use the field of crop straw decomposing inoculant after 20 days, maize straw is completely soft, and fiber becomes thoroughly decomposed substantially; After 40 days, become thoroughly decomposed completely.And do not become thoroughly decomposed substantially 20 day same period in the contrast field of not using decomposing agent, after 40 days, fiber starts softly, and flowering stage of wheat still can see that a considerable amount of stalks do not become thoroughly decomposed.
2.2 impacts on the total stem number of wheat field
The variation of the total stem number of table 9 different treatment wheat (ten thousand/mu)
As can be seen from Table 9, each breeding time of the total stem number variation of different treatment wheat dynamically all shows since seeding stage increase, and the total stem number of period of seedling establishment reaches the highest, starts afterwards to reduce, and drops to minimum to the ripening stage.Use the plot of crop straw decomposing inoculant substantially can realize more than 20 ten thousand young plants, but contrast is due to poor water retention property, emerges uneven, Basic Seedling is few; Processing one mu of spike number, 44.3 ten thousand fringes increases by 15.4 ten thousand fringes than processing three contrasts, improves 53.3%, and processing two mu of spike numbers, 42.8 ten thousand fringes than processing three contrasts increases by 13.9 ten thousand fringes.
2.3 use the impact of crop straw decomposing inoculant on secondary root
As can be seen from Table 10, use secondary root quantity in crop straw decomposing inoculant plot far above contrast.Stalk covers has increased soil surface temperature, after straw decomposing inoculant is manured into soil, has increased the content of Soil Microorganism, increase breathing, meanwhile, at topsoil, formed fine and close net distribution, increased the absorption area of root system and absorbed total amount, improving activity of root system obviously strengthens.Processing plot in 44.75/strain of average root number in tillering phase, is the major cause that drought resisting, cold tolerance improve, substantially do not have winter dead seedling.Ripening stage is two the highest to process, and is 2.08 times of CK, a little more than processing one, is also high yield major cause.
The secondary radical impact of table 10 different treatment wheat (bar/strain)
2.4 impacts on leaf-area coefficient
As can be seen from Table 11, from tillering to booting, each processes wheat leaf area factor increases gradually, reaches maximum boot stage, reduces gradually afterwards.Use crop straw decomposing inoculant plot leaf area index to increase significantly than contrast, wherein processing one increases by 34.7% than contrast.
The impact of table 11 different treatment wheat leaf area index
2.5 use the impact of crop straw decomposing inoculant on Soil structure, soil permeability
The plot of using crop straw decomposing inoculant, its soil aggregate obviously improves, and permeability is good, has optimized three-phase of soil; Lumphy structure be take as main in contrast field, is unfavorable for crop root growth.
2.6 use crop straw decomposing inoculants on the impact of output (kg/acre)
The output of wheat and constituent element impact thereof under table 12 different treatment
As can be seen from Table 12, use the plot output of crop straw decomposing inoculant obviously to improve, wherein process one and reach 527.1 kgs/acre, than contrast, increase by 134.2 kilograms, improve 34.2%; Process two and reach 536.4 kgs/acre, than 143.5 kgs/acre of contrasts, improve 36.5%.
3, conclusion
Use crop straw decomposing inoculant can realize the quick composting of maize straw, soil aggregate obviously improves, and permeability is good, and its drought resisting, cold tolerance obviously improve; Increase wheat population spike number, increase wheat root number and leaf-area coefficient, be conducive to the accumulation of dry-matter, improve wheat yield, thereby increase economic efficiency.
Embodiment 4
1, materials and methods
1.1 test materials
Rice straw is taken from Yuanyang County, Henan Province, 472.76 gs/kg, full carbon, 8.44 gs/kg, full nitrogen, 1.35 gs/kg, full phosphorus, 24.58 gs/kg, full potassium, carbon-nitrogen ratio 55.98,2 kilograms of 8 kilograms, urea and crop straw decomposing inoculants.
1.2 test method
Two processing are established in test, process one: after rice harvesting, 1000 kilograms of rice straws are ground into 3～5 centimetres of left and right, to sprinkling water on rice straw, rice straw is fully absorbed water softening, water content, roughly in 60% left and right, is divided into roughly five parts by rice straw, and 2 kilograms of crop straw decomposing inoculants are also divided into five parts, spread rectangularity heap out for every part, first piss is plain, then spreads decomposing agent, stacks processing successively by part.
A crop straw decomposing inoculant, forms by following mass ratio: withered grass Bacillussubtilis 25%, aspergillus niger 27%, Candida utilis 15%, viride 17%, aspergillus oryzae 14%, cellulase 2%.
Process two: except not adding the same processing one of all the other methods crop straw decomposing inoculant
1.3 analytical procedure
Rice straw decay process, heap temperature changes with 30 centimetres, long metal stalk temperature instrumentation; PH value is counted method with PH; Full carbon adopts potassium bichromate-sulfuric acid oxidation method; Decomposition product through Sulfuric-acid-hydrogen-peroxide disappear boil after full nitrogen adopt Kjeldahl method to measure, full phosphorus adopts molybdenum blue colorimetric method to measure; Full potassium adopts flame spectrophotometric determination.
2, results and analysis
2.1 heap temperature change
Process one and after 24 hours, pile temperature rise to 45 ℃, and process 30 ℃ of two temperature; Aftertreatment in 48 hours one temperature reaches 55 ℃, and processes two at 43 ℃; Process a temperature and reach above about 20 days at 50 ℃, process two temperature and go up less than 55 ℃ always.
2.2 rice straw decomposition product P H values and physical behavior change
Within 30 days after rice straw decomposition, measure the pH value of decomposition product, result display process 1 processes 2 7.8, and this is because rice straw produces NH3 in decay process, and along with the intensification of decomposition makes the PH height that edges up, higher explanation rice straw decomposition degree is better.
Known by observing color and smelling the odour again, processing one is chocolate slight ammonia taste, and processing two is tawny, can't smell ammonia taste, from physical behavior, can conclude that the straw decomposition of processing is more thorough.
2.3 impacts on rice straw decomposition product nutrient content
Process one and compare with processing two, full carbon content reduces by 8.27%; Full nitrogen reduces low by 7.32%, and possible decomposition causes ammonia to have part to overflow, and carbon-nitrogen ratio has reduced; Full phosphorus, full potassium content entire change are little.It is stronger that carbon-nitrogen ratio reduces larger explanation decomposition.
| Process | Full carbon | Full nitrogen | Carbon-nitrogen ratio | Full phosphorus | Full potassium |
| Process one | 332.4 | 13.94 | 23.84 | 1.36 | 23.96 |
| Process two | 359.9 | 14.96 | 24.06 | 1.35 | 24.44 |
3, conclusion
3.1 add crop straw decomposing inoculant processes rice straw, and heap temperature rise temperature is very fast and high, and the time length is long, can accelerate maturity.
3.2 add crop straw decomposing inoculant processes rice straw, the micro-alkalescence of pH value of decomposition product, and have slight ammonia taste, color is brown, possesses the physical features becoming thoroughly decomposed.
3.3 add crop straw decomposing inoculant processing rice straw makes full carbon content reduce by 8.27% compared with the control; Full nitrogen reduces low by 7.32%, and carbon-nitrogen ratio has reduced; It is stronger that carbon-nitrogen ratio reduces larger explanation decomposition.
3.4 in sum, processes accumulation rice straw making fertilizer compare with tradition accumulation composting with crop straw decomposing inoculant, can make rice straw become thoroughly decomposed thoroughly, shortens and become thoroughly decomposed the time, improves the effect of becoming thoroughly decomposed, raising fertilizer efficiency.
Claims (5)
1. a crop straw decomposing inoculant, is characterized in that: it forms by following mass ratio: withered grass Bacillussubtilis 20～30%, aspergillus niger 20～30%, Candida utilis 10～15%, viride 15～20%, aspergillus oryzae 10～15%, cellulase 1～2%.
2. crop straw decomposing inoculant as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: it forms by following mass ratio: withered grass Bacillussubtilis 24～26%, aspergillus niger 23～27%, Candida utilis 12～13%, viride 17～19%, aspergillus oryzae 12～14%, cellulase 1.4～1.7%.
3. the using method of a kind of crop straw decomposing inoculant as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps: after crop harvesting, original place is taped against earth's surface by crushed stalk immediately, on stalk, spread 150～200 kilograms of one deck farm manure, urine or methane liquids, then 2 kilograms of crop straw decomposing inoculants, add 3～5 times of fine earths of decomposing agent volume, be evenly sprinkling upon on stalk and turn over immediately, the degree of depth, 10～15 centimetres of left and right, is controlled crop material and soil moisture content in 60% left and right.
4. the using method of a kind of crop straw decomposing inoculant as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps: after crop harvesting, original place is taped against earth's surface by crushed stalk immediately, 5～8 kilograms of urea are dissolved in 50～80 kg of water, then evenly spill on stalk, then 2 kilograms of crop straw decomposing inoculants, add 3～5 times of fine earths of decomposing agent volume, evenly be sprinkling upon on stalk and turn over immediately, the degree of depth, 10～15 centimetres of left and right, is controlled crop material and soil moisture content in 60% left and right.
5. the using method of a kind of crop straw decomposing inoculant as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps: 3～5 centimetres of left and right of every 1000 kilograms of crops stalk crushings, add 15～20 kilograms of 2 kilograms of crop straw decomposing inoculants, 150～200 kilograms of human and animal excretas or 5～8 kilograms, urea or carbon ammoniums, after mix and blend, stack processing, layering is splashed, and to make mixture water content be 60% left and right to moisture, then with plastic cloth, cover, when temperature raises more than 55 degree, turning in every 5～7 days once, the use of can becoming thoroughly decomposed in approximately 20～30 days.
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