CN103609313A - Pineapple leaf bud cuttage method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a pineapple leaf bud cuttage method. The pineapple leaf bud cuttage method is characterized by including the first step of cutting a leaf bud with a succulent stem from a crown bud of a pineapple, the second step of placing the leaf bud into a 450-fold to 550-fold carbendazim solution for disinfection, the third step of inserting the disinfected leaf bud into a cutting medium in a cuttage mode, wherein the mass ratio between sand river and coconut chaff is (3-5):1 in the cutting medium, and the fourth step of transplanting a bud obtained through cuttage into a transplant medium, wherein the mass ratio between the river sand, the coconut chaff and peat soil is (0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5):1 in the transplant medium. The seedling growth time is 6-8 months through the cuttage method. Through the pineapple leaf bud cuttage method, the utilization rate of original materials, the cuttage survival rate and the seedling growth rate can be improved, and the propagation coefficient of 40-60 can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pineapple leaf bud cuttage and seedling culture method, be specifically related to a kind of method that raising cuts into power, cuttage survival rate, seedling speed.
Background technology
Pineapple is one of famous and high-quality fruit of South Subtropical Area of China, China torrid zone, in Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan extensively cultivates.In Production of Large Fields, pineapple carries out vegetative propagation with bud seedlings such as crown bud, suction bud, descendants' bud and stem tuber buds conventionally.Conventionally, plantation 0.07 hectare needs 2800～3500 strains of bud seedling.Reach 18～24 months the breeding time of a pineapple, and in the meantime, the bud seedling quantity of producing is generally 5～20.The pineapple kind that China Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi main are planted is at present that " ”，“ Bali, Bali " plant can produce descendants' bud and inhale approximately 20 strains of bud seedling a breeding time.With a long history for these plantations, the conventional variety of area scale, bud seedling source is abundant, can directly get seed and plant.But in introducing new varieties, Breeding Process, starting material is rare, the material that wants to obtain some, for follow-up varietal yield test, only relies on above-mentioned bud seedling within short-term, to complete.Although adopt tissue culture method can obtain large quantities of seedlings within a short period of time, need to spend a large amount of human and material resources, and the starting material that tissue cultivation needs is still more.Breeding material or individual plant for comparatively precious, if there is any error in seedling raising process, will lose precious germplasm, therefore should not be for the breeding of rare variety or germplasm materials.
Leaf bud cuttage is a kind of of cuttage technique, and in the breeding of ornamental plant Indian ficus, application at most, is adhered to a bud sheet by the base portion of leaf and carried out cuttage.The cuttings of leaf bud cuttage only has a bud with a slice leaf, and with peltate stem a slice, or a bit of stem, insert in matrix, only reveal bud point, camellia, great Hua mast, sweet viburnum, laurustinus, chrysanthemum, dahlia, hydrangea, sweet osmanthus, Phlox paniculata, India-rubber fig etc. are available this method breeding also.Not yet have the leaf bud cottage method of pair pineapple cutting, sterilize, take root, the concrete report of the process such as transplanting, and existing method itself exists the defect that feasibility is low, cannot reach 40～60 reproduction coefficient.Therefore, the research to pineapple leaf bud cottage method is very urgent in New Variety for Pineapple seed selection and extension process.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of pineapple leaf bud cuttage and seedling culture method, can improve starting material availability, cuttage survival rate and seedling speed.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of pineapple leaf bud cottage method, comprises the steps: the band bud-leaf sheet with fleshy stem from crown bud cutting; Described band bud-leaf sheet is placed in to 450～550 times of carbendazim to carry out disinfection; By the described band bud-leaf sheet cuttage after sterilization at river sand: coconut palm chaff mass ratio is (3～5): in 1 cutting medium; The bud sheet that cuttage is obtained is transplanted at river sand: coconut palm chaff: peat soil mass ratio is (0.5～1.5): (0.5～1.5): in 1 transplanting medium; The seedling time of described cottage method is 6～8 months.
According to an embodiment, described cutting step preferably adopts 0.2～0.3mm (preferably 0.254mm) thick, and 7～9mm (preferably 8mm) is wide, the long blade of 75～85mm (preferably 80mm) carries out.
According to another embodiment, under cutting, describedly with bud-leaf sheet, according to the described position with bud-leaf sheet crown bud of living in, be divided into base portion leaf, middle leaf and upper leaf; Wherein said upper leaf is the longest, and described base portion leaf is the shortest.
Preferably, described is 1.5～2.5cm with the cuttage spacing in the rows between bud-leaf sheet, preferred 2cm, and line-spacing is 3～5cm, preferably 4cm.
According to another embodiment, Transplanting Density is spacing in the rows 4～6cm, preferred 5cm, line-spacing 4～6cm, preferably 5cm.
In pineapple leaf bud cottage method according to the present invention, by cuttage 55～65 days, preferably the Buds of The Pineapple of 60 days was transplanted after the hardening of 4～5 days.
Preferably, during transplanting, remove described cutting medium, and use 450～550 times, preferably 500 times of first frost Propamocarb wetting powders sterilization.
According to another embodiment, during cuttage, adopt the sunshade net of 70～90% sunshade rates to cover the described band bud-leaf sheet after cuttage.
Utilize said method of the present invention can improve the availability of starting material in seedling raising process, seedling raise period can be foreshortened to 6～8 months, reproduction coefficient can be increased to 40～60, thus the breeding of the rare variety of being specially adapted to or germplasm materials.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 illustrates the key step of pineapple leaf bud cottage method according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein:
Figure 1A has schematically shown the band bud-leaf sheet cutting to from the crown bud of pineapple fruit;
Figure 1B has schematically shown the band bud-leaf sheet classification in Figure 1A;
Fig. 1 C is the schematic diagram with the cuttage of bud-leaf sheet after sterilizing;
Fig. 1 D is the schematic diagram of with bud-leaf sheet transplanting of cuttage after 60 days.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of pineapple leaf bud cottage method, comprise the steps: the band bud-leaf sheet with fleshy stem from crown bud cutting; Described band bud-leaf sheet is placed in to 450～550 times, preferably in 500 times of carbendazim, carries out disinfection; By the described band bud-leaf sheet cuttage after sterilization at river sand: coconut palm chaff mass ratio be (3～5): 1, in the cutting medium of preferred 4:1; The bud sheet that cuttage is obtained is transplanted at river sand: coconut palm chaff: peat soil mass ratio is (0.5～1.5): (0.5～1.5): 1, preferably in the transplanting medium of 1:1:1; The seedling time of described cottage method is 6～8 months.Described cottage method can be realized 40～60 reproduction coefficient.
In said method, the crown bud of pineapple used can be the crown bud of 8 ripe above pineapple fruits, preferably has the crown bud of 60～70 healthy leaveses.
Below said method of the present invention will further be described particularly.
(1) with the cutting of bud-leaf sheet
Get the crown bud of 8 ripe above pineapple fruits, cutting is with the band bud-leaf sheet of fleshy stem.Preferably with the crown bud of 60～70 blades.Before cutting, preferably first remove in the blade of base portion jaundice and axil and sprouted the blade of root system, and under the sun, tan by the sun 1～2 day.
Preferably, the blade that cutting is used is for 0.254mm is thick, 8mm is wide, 80mm is long.During cutting, excision blade the right and left covers the part of lower a slice leaf, to facilitate the fleshy stem taking out with bud-leaf sheet and below thereof, and does not have influence on the cutting of lower a slice leaf.Band bud-leaf sheet under cutting as shown in Figure 1A.
Referring to Figure 1B, that cuts is divided into base portion leaf, middle leaf and upper leaf with bud-leaf sheet according to the position of its crown bud of living in.Wherein, upper leaf is the longest, and base portion leaf is the shortest.
(2) sterilization
Above-mentioned band bud-leaf sheet is placed in to 500 times of carbendazim solutions and carries out disinfection, preferably after soaking 10 minutes, dry.
(3) cuttage
The band bud-leaf sheet that step (2) is obtained inserts river sand: in the cutting medium that coconut palm chaff mass ratio is 4:1 (as shown in Figure 1 C).Preferably before cuttage, in advance this cutting medium is tanned by the sun 2～5 days.
After band bud-leaf sheet inserts, keep cutting medium moistening, and cover the sunshade net of 70～90% sunshade rates.Above-mentioned cuttage spacing in the rows during with the cuttage of bud-leaf sheet is 2cm, and line-spacing is 4cm, so that there is the effect of mutually sheltering from heat or light between blade, is more conducive to the moisturizing of cutting medium.
(4) transplant
Referring to Fig. 1 D, the Buds of The Pineapple that above-mentioned band bud-leaf sheet cuttage (preferably cuttage is 60 days) is obtained is transplanted at river sand: coconut palm chaff: in the transplanting medium that peat soil mass ratio is 1:1:1.Buds of The Pineapple before transplanting preferably through the hardening of 4～5 days.
Before transplanting, preferably Buds of The Pineapple is carried out disinfection, comprise and remove old and feeble blade and the matrix of adhering to, and immerse in 500 times of first frost Propamocarb wetting powders, soak 15min, after drying, can transplant.
Transplanting Density is spacing in the rows 5cm, line-spacing 5cm.Transplant after 6 months, pineapple plant grows up to high 25cm left and right, the number of blade 12～13, and the wide 2.5cm of leaf left and right can go out garden.
Utilize said method to cultivate only 6～8 months consuming time seedlings of pineapple plant, reproduction coefficient can reach 40～60.
Below by embodiment, the present invention is described in further details, these embodiment are only used for illustrating the present invention, do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
The crown bud of the pineapple fruit of 8 maturations that to get 150g, the number of blade be 65, thick with 0.26mm, 8mm is wide, the long Feather R35 of 80mm (Japanese Feather safety razor Co., Ltd. produce) slicer, extract the crown bud blade of pineapple kind " MD2 ", the number of blade obtaining with bud and fleshy stem is 45 ± 2.
Embodiment 2
Get the identical crown bud of weight, the as much number of blade similarly to Example 1, thick with 0.24mm, 19mm is wide, the eagle board one side security personnel blade (production of Shanghai Gillette Co., Ltd) that 40mm is long, and the number of blade obtaining with bud and fleshy stem is 38 ± 3.
Embodiment 3
Get the identical crown bud of weight, the as much number of blade similarly to Example 1, thick with 0.36mm, 19mm is wide, the eagle board blade of carving knife (production of Shanghai Gillette Co., Ltd) that 80mm is long, and the number of blade obtaining with bud and fleshy stem is 33 ± 3.
From the above results, draw, the blade of optimum pineapple kind " MD2 " crown bud leaf bud cutting is that 0.26mm is thick, and 8mm is wide, the Feather R35 slicer that 80mm is long.
Embodiment 4
By embodiment 1 cut band bud-leaf sheet be classified as base portion leaf, middle leaf and upper leaf.Base portion leaf institute supernumerary bud comparative maturity, sprout the fastest, but base portion leaf is older, survival rate (wherein, survive and refer to that approximately 30 days blades keep green after cuttage, leaf base with fleshy stem keep white or light yellow, white bud point sprouting; Death refers to yellow leaf, and fleshy stem browning is even rotten) lower, 70% left and right only.And, base portion leaf yellow coming off gradually after sprouting 13～15 days, and middle leaf and upper leaf may persist to 70～90 days.Owing to providing, the blade of nutrition is comparatively fast old and feeble, and the seedling growing way growing after the cuttage of base portion leaf leaf bud is poor.Middle part leaf growth is the most vigorous, and bud is sprouted than base portion leaf slow about 2 days, and the bud of institute's eruption is the strongst, and survival rate is up to 95%.Upper blade is the tenderest, and bud is sprouted at the latest, and survival rate is high, reaches 100%.Classification seedling growing way is even, is conducive to the unified management in seedbed.
Table 1
Embodiment 5
By embodiment 1 cut band bud-leaf sheet be immersed in completely respectively in the middle of 250mg/L, 500mg/L and 1000mg/L liquor natrii hypochloritis, soak 10 minutes, then dry this solution, under natural wind, dry rear cuttage.Cutting medium is the river sand matrix of tanning by the sun after 3～5 days.Cuttage spacing in the rows is 2cm, and line-spacing is 4cm.Record cuttage survival rate.
Embodiment 6
By embodiment 1 cut band bud-leaf sheet be immersed in respectively in the middle of 250,500,1000 times of carbendazim solutions, soak 10 minutes, dry this solution, under natural wind, dry rear cuttage.Cutting conditions is identical with embodiment 5.Record cuttage survival rate.
Embodiment 7
First with 500mg/L liquor natrii hypochloritis soak completely embodiment 1 cut band bud-leaf sheet 10 minutes, taking-up is dried, and then, with 500 times of carbendazim solutions immersions 10 minutes, dries this carbendazim solution, cuttage after drying under natural wind.Cutting conditions is identical with embodiment 5.Record cuttage survival rate.
Embodiment 8
With 500mg/L liquor natrii hypochloritis soak completely embodiment 1 cut band bud-leaf sheet 5 minutes, take out and dry, then, with 500 times of carbendazim solutions immersions 5 minutes, dry this carbendazim solution, cuttage after drying under natural wind.Cutting conditions is identical with embodiment 5.Record cuttage survival rate.
Embodiment 9
By embodiment 1 cut band bud-leaf sheet be left intact, cuttage.Cutting conditions is identical with embodiment 5.Record cuttage survival rate.
Table 1
In embodiment 5 and embodiment 6, disinfectant clorox and carbendazim have been carried out to variable concentrations comparative trial, the optium concentration that draws these two kinds of disinfectants is respectively 500mg/L and 500 times; Survival rate is respectively 85% and 93%.Embodiment 7 and embodiment 8 used above-mentioned two kinds of disinfectants of optium concentration continuously, and disinfecting time is respectively 10 minutes and 5 minutes, and result shows, the survival rate of sterilizing 10 minutes is 95%, and the survival rate of sterilizing 5 minutes is 78%.Embodiment 9 is reference examples, and band bud-leaf sheet is left intact, and survival rate is only 65%.The survival rate of each sterilization method of presentation of results of each embodiment is all higher than contrast above; The antiseptic solution soak time effect of 10 minutes is significantly higher than 5 minutes effects of processing; The effect that carbendazim processes and carbendazim+clorox is processed is significantly higher than the effect that clorox is processed; Carbendazim processes and the processing of carbendazim+clorox there is no significant difference between the two, takes thus 500 times of solution-treated of single carbendazim 10 minutes.
Embodiment 10
By in embodiment 6 after 500 times of carbendazim solutions are processed and are air-dry with bud-leaf sheet respectively cuttage in the 100% river sand matrix of tanning by the sun 2 days, 100% coconut palm furfuryl group matter, river sand: the matrix of coconut palm chaff=1:1, river sand: in the matrix of coconut palm chaff=4:1.The growth potential of statistics survival rate and bud.
Table 2
In table 2, result shows: the survival rate in 100% river sand matrix is that the survival rate in 95%, 100% coconut palm furfuryl group matter is 88%, river sand: the survival rate in coconut palm chaff=1:1 matrix is 90%, river sand: the survival rate in coconut palm chaff=4:1 matrix is 100%.The growth potential of bud indifference in 50 days after cuttage, after 50 days, observes: the leaf color in 100% river sand matrix is more yellow, and blade is short and wide, well developed root system; Yellow leaf in 100% coconut palm furfuryl group matter, blade is elongated, and root system is seldom; River sand: the leaf green in coconut palm chaff=1:1 matrix, short and wide, root growth is normal; River sand: the dark green leaf in coconut palm chaff=4:1 matrix, plumpness, blade is long and wide, well developed root system.Therefore, preferred river sand: coconut palm chaff=4:1 matrix.
Embodiment 11
By in embodiment 10 at river sand: the pineapple that in coconut palm chaff=4:1 matrix, cuttage is good is positioned over respectively with bud-leaf sheet under the sunshade net of 90%, 70%, 50% shading rate, within 60 days, observes afterwards statistics and sprouts blade and female blade situation.Find the leaf color pale green of sprouting under the sunshade net of 90% shading rate, blade is soft, the length of a film 5.65cm that comes into leaves most, the wide 0.45cm of leaf, female Ye Yi jaundice.The sunshade net lower blade of 70% shading rate is normal green, and blade pliability is moderate, and the length of a film that comes into leaves is most 5.23cm, the wide 0.51cm of leaf, and female leaf keeps original color time moderate.The sunshade net lower blade color of 50% shading rate is dark green, and blade is hard, and the length of a film that comes into leaves is most 4.95cm, the wide 0.63cm of leaf, and female Ye Rongyi is withered.Because the state of female leaf affects the growth of follow-up seedling, therefore best with the sunshade net of 70% shading rate.
Embodiment 12
Will be according to embodiment 10 at river sand: in coconut palm chaff=4:1 matrix, cuttage, after 60 days, has grown the little transplantation of seedlings of 5 centimetres of left and right.During transplanting, remove cutting medium, and use the sterilization of 500 times of first frost Propamocarb wetting powders.Transplanting Density is spacing in the rows 5cm, line-spacing 5cm.Transplanting medium has 9 kinds, respectively: 1. coconut palm chaff: loess: river sand=1:1:1; 2. coconut palm chaff: loess: river sand=2:1:1; 3. coconut palm chaff: loess: river sand=1:2:1; 4. coconut palm chaff: loess: river sand=1:1:2; 5. coconut palm chaff: river sand: peat=1:1:1; 6. coconut palm chaff: river sand: peat=2:1:1; 7. peat: coconut palm chaff: loess=2:1:1; 8. coconut palm chaff: river sand=3:2; 9. coconut palm chaff: river sand=1:1.The leaf of measuring pineapple seedling for 6 months after field planting is long, leaf is wide, the number of blade, strain are heavy, the length of root system number and root, the results are summarized in following table.
Table 3
(in table, lowercase alphabet shows the significance of difference in the level of P≤0.05, and capitalization represents the significance of difference in the level of P≤0.01, and same letter represents that difference is not remarkable)
By upper table, learnt, matrix is (coconut palm chaff: river sand: the pineapple seedling of peat=1:1:1) cultivating is except width of blade 5., leaf length, the number of blade, strain are heavy, root system number and root system long all higher than other 8 kinds of matrix, wherein: strain is heavily significantly higher than other 8 kinds of matrix; Blade length and root average length are significantly higher than other 8 kinds of matrix.Matrix is (coconut palm chaff: river sand: effect peat=2:1:1) is taken second place 6..Matrix is (peat: coconut palm chaff: the leaf of the pineapple seedling of loess=2:1:1) cultivating is long, leaf is wide, the number of blade and strain weight average be lower than other 8 kinds of matrix, and general performance is the poorest 7..Matrix is (coconut palm chaff: loess: the contained chlorophyll of pineapple seedling leaf of sand=1:2:1) cultivating is significantly lower than other 8 kinds of matrix 3., may be due to its ochreous large percentage, soil is relatively more sticky heavy, gas permeability is poor, and the shallow life of pineapple root system is aerobic, only have air capacity of soils good, the matrix that the content of organic matter is higher is just conducive to growing of pineapple.
According to said method of the present invention, seedling raise period can be foreshortened to 6～8 months, reproduction coefficient can be increased to 40～60, thereby has improved the availability of starting material in seedling raising process, is therefore specially adapted to the breeding of rare variety or germplasm materials.
Claims (8)
1. a pineapple leaf bud cottage method, is characterized in that, comprising:
The band bud-leaf sheet of having fleshy stem from the crown bud cutting of pineapple;
Described band bud-leaf sheet is placed in to 450～550 times of carbendazim solutions to carry out disinfection;
By the described band bud-leaf sheet cuttage after sterilization at river sand: coconut palm chaff mass ratio is (3～5): in 1 cutting medium;
The bud sheet that cuttage is obtained is transplanted at river sand: coconut palm chaff: peat soil mass ratio is (0.5～1.5): (0.5～1.5): in 1 transplanting medium;
The seedling time of described cottage method is 6～8 months.
2. pineapple leaf bud cottage method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described cutting step adopts the blade that 0.2～0.3mm is thick, 7～9mm is wide, 75～85mm is long to carry out.
3. pineapple leaf bud cottage method according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Under cutting, describedly with bud-leaf sheet, according to the described position with bud-leaf sheet crown bud of living in, be divided into base portion leaf, middle leaf and upper leaf; Wherein said upper leaf is the longest, and described base portion leaf is the shortest.
4. according to the pineapple leaf bud cottage method described in any one in claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, described is 1.5～2.5cm with the cuttage spacing in the rows between bud-leaf sheet, and line-spacing is 3～5cm.
5. according to the pineapple leaf bud cottage method described in any one in claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, Transplanting Density is spacing in the rows 4～6cm, line-spacing 4～6cm.
6. according to the pineapple leaf bud cottage method described in any one in claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, the cuttage Buds of The Pineapple of 55～65 days is transplanted after the hardening of 4～5 days.
7. pineapple leaf bud cottage method according to claim 6, is characterized in that,
During transplanting, remove described cutting medium, and use the sterilization of 450～550 times of first frost Propamocarb wetting powders.
8. pineapple leaf bud cottage method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, adopts the sunshade net of 70～90% sunshade rates to cover the described band bud-leaf sheet after cuttage during cuttage.
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| CN104322250A (en) * | 2014-10-14 | 2015-02-04 | 深圳文科园林股份有限公司 | Efficient propagation method for maintaining chimera pineapple character stable inheritance |
| CN105103839A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-02 | 太仓市丰缘农场专业合作社 | High-yield planting method for pineapples |
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| CN107371711B (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2018-05-04 | 张瑞佳 | A kind of method for potted of pineapple |
| CN108934504A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-12-07 | 湖北民族学院 | A method of improving idesia cuttage survival rate |
| CN113396784A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-09-17 | 中国农业大学 | Cutting seedling method for improving propagation coefficient of day lily based on bud segmentation |
| CN114342677A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-15 | 上海上房园艺有限公司 | Seed ball propagation method of allium giganteum |
| CN116530261A (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2023-08-04 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Breeding method for comprehensively preventing and controlling pineapple hybrid seedling disease |
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