CN112119815B - Method for preventing and treating trelago pterocarpus in mangrove forest - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating trelago pterocarpus in mangrove forest Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 244000086363 Pterocarpus indicus Species 0.000 title claims description 4
- 235000009984 Pterocarpus indicus Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 240000007371 Cuscuta campestris Species 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N rotenone Natural products O1C2=C3CC(C(C)=C)OC3=CC=C2C(=O)C2C1COC1=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 241000522187 Derris Species 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-HBGVWJBISA-N rotenone Chemical compound O([C@H](CC1=C2O3)C(C)=C)C1=CC=C2C(=O)[C@@H]1[C@H]3COC2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-HBGVWJBISA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preventing and treating trefoil rattan in mangrove forest, belonging to the technical field of mangrove forest protection, wherein 10-20 cm above the root and stem of trefoil rattan is cut off at the lowest tide level of the whole day in mangrove forest, then acetic acid solution is sprayed on the root and stem once, and after 3-5 days, artificially-fed insects of Coleoptera weevilidae are placed on the trefoil rattan; placing the stem section of the dodder on the position of the canopy on the water surface of the derris trifoliate, and spraying acetic acid solution on the rhizome of the derris trifoliate again after the dodder is successfully parasitized on the derris trifoliate. By introducing the dodder and the coleoptera weevil insects and matching with acetic acid for drenching roots, the prevention and the treatment of the derris trifoliata are effectively realized, the operation is simple, the environment is protected, and the derris trifoliata is thoroughly eradicated from the root.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mangrove forest protection, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and treating trelago pterocarpus in a mangrove forest.
Background
The Derris trifoliate (Derris trifoliate) belongs to perennial liana of Derris in leguminosae, is mostly born in coasts, red forest on beaches, sea banks and the like, has the origin in tropical and subtropical areas of asia, is distributed in various islands in indonesia, filipendula floribunda and malaysia, and is mainly distributed in Taiwan, hong kong, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and the like in China. In recent years, the regeneration and development of mangrove communities are severely restricted due to the over-fast propagation of the treegar vines in local areas, so that a large number of mangroves are withered and die due to the failure of normal photosynthesis, the succession speed of the mangrove communities is severely influenced, the mangrove wetland ecosystem is gradually degraded, the mangrove ecosystem faces serious threats, and the treegar vines become plant killers damaging mangrove wetland plants. The trefoil roots are commonly used as raw materials for producing pesticides, so that the traditional methods of treating grass by using drugs and treating grass by using insects are difficult to realize effective treatment.
Dodder is a plant of the genus cuscuta of the family Convolvulaceae, widely distributed worldwide, and also distributed in various regions of China. Dodder seed parasitizes on various plants such as leguminous plants, and nourishes the plants by absorbing nutrient substances of the host plants. The stem of the plant is wound on the stem of the host plant to form a sucking disc which is penetrated into the tissue of the host plant to absorb the water and the nutrition of the host plant and influence the photosynthesis of the host plant, so that the host plant is wound and is dead due to malnutrition.
The Chinese invention patent with publication number CN105248201A discloses a method for preventing and treating invasion plant mikania micrantha in mangrove forest, which is characterized in that field dodder is attached to soybean seedlings, the seedlings can firmly wind branches and stems of the mikania micrantha and penetrate into the epidermis of the mikania micrantha to absorb water and nutrition, and finally the mikania micrantha is withered and dead, so that the mikania micrantha is successfully prevented and treated; however, the mikania micrantha can not root in the intertidal zone, so that the mikania micrantha can be thoroughly removed only by absorbing the nutrient moisture of branches and leaves of the mikania micrantha, and the purpose of prevention and treatment is achieved.
At present, research reports of preventing and treating derris by semen cuscutae are not seen, because the derris can root in the tidal flat and grow, the damage degree and range are larger, and manual cleaning is very difficult; the manual cleaning of the dodder is relatively simple. However, due to the growth characteristics of derris, effective prevention and treatment are difficult to achieve by simply utilizing field dodder, root systems and dropped seeds are difficult to thoroughly clear, and relapse is easy. Therefore, a high-efficiency, environment-friendly and thorough prevention and treatment method for trefoil derris in mangrove trees is needed to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for preventing and treating trefoil derris in mangrove forest, which is simple to operate, green and environment-friendly by introducing the dodder and the coleoptera weevil insects, and thoroughly eradicates the trefoil derris from root sources.
The invention provides the following technical scheme for realizing the purpose:
a method for preventing and treating derris trifoliata in mangrove forests comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting off the position 10-20 cm above the rootstock of the derris trifoliata in the lowest tide level of the mangrove forest all day long, spraying an acetic acid solution on the rootstock once, and placing artificially fed insects of the family Coleopteridae on the derris trifoliata after 3-5 days;
(2) collecting the dodder stem segments: selecting 8-12 cm of semen cuscutae with host stem segments, or selecting 20-25 cm of semen cuscutae stem tip segments to obtain semen cuscutae stem segments for later use;
(3) and 4-10 months per year, placing the stem section of the dodder at the position of the canopy on the water surface of the derris trifoliata, cutting off the dodder at a position 10-20 cm above the rhizome of the derris trifoliata after the dodder is successfully parasitized on the derris trifoliata, and spraying an acetic acid solution on the base of the rhizome.
Further, the volume concentration of the acetic acid solution in the step (1) is 6-10%, and 20-50 mL of acetic acid solution is applied to each plant.
Further, the Coleoptera weevil family insects are from North sea of Guangxi, and have female imagoes 3-4mm long and male imagoes 2-3mm long, and brown Coleoptera and dorsal back, and are densely covered with white villi.
Furthermore, the placement density of the Coleoptera weevil insects is 10-20 insects per plant.
Further, the artificial feeding method of the coleoptera weevil family insects comprises the following steps: collecting Trifolium repens seeds and Coleoptera weevil family insects outdoors, feeding the Trifolium repens seeds to the Coleoptera weevil family insects, artificially propagating larvae, and feeding the cultured larvae to a body length of more than 1.5cm for release.
Further, the semen Cuscutae is semen Cuscutae, or semen Cuscutae.
Further, the placing mode for placing the dodder seed stem sections is as follows: selecting an artificial winding method, namely winding the stem tip of the dodder on the green stem segment of the derris trifoliata, and placing the dodder with the host stem segment at the crown layer of the derris trifoliata; or directly throwing the stem segments of the dodder. The parasitic success rate of the dodder stem section is more than 70%. Checking whether the dodder generates a sucker on the derris 5 days after release, wherein the generation of the sucker indicates that the dodder is parasitized successfully, and if the parasitization success is insufficient, the stem section of the dodder can be placed in a supplementary way.
Further, the volume concentration of the acetic acid solution in the step (3) is 6-10%, and 20-50 mL of acetic acid solution is applied to each plant.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention belongs to a biological control method, the long-acting and continuous control of the trefoil derris can be realized by introducing insects of the families of the dodder and the coleoptera and matching with acetic acid for drenching roots, and the used materials and insects are mangrove forest companion species, so that the method is easy to collect and culture, simple and feasible, ecological and environment-friendly, and the trefoil derris is removed from the root source, so that the remarkable regeneration prevention effect is avoided.
2. The dodder seeds adopted by the invention can parasitize the derris trifoliata and have good parasitic capacity, and the dodder seeds with large flowers are preferred; when the dodder parasitizing derris trifoliate is used for treating mangrove forest invaded by derris trifoliate, the stems of the dodder parasitizing derris trifoliate are wound on the stems of the derris trifoliate to form the sucking discs to penetrate into derris trifoliate tissues, the moisture and the nutrition of the derris trifoliate are absorbed, the photosynthesis of the derris trifoliate is influenced, the derris trifoliate is dead due to winding and malnutrition, meanwhile, mangrove forest plants cannot be damaged by the dodder parasitization, the dodder is safe for preventing and treating the derris trifoliate which is a concomitant plant of the mangrove forest, theoretical reference is provided for mangrove forest protection under the stress of biological invasion, and a thought is provided for a biological prevention and treatment means for treating biological invasion by grass.
3. The invention also discovers that the derris trifoliate contains toxic component rotenone, which can be used as a raw material for producing pesticides and has a certain insecticidal effect, so that common insects cannot eat the derris trifoliate. Researches show that the coleoptera weevil insect disclosed by the invention prefers to the sargentgloryvine trifoliate seeds and fruits and can decompose the toxicity of rotenone; however, the field reproductive capacity of the insect is weak, and the insect is small in quantity, so that the germination and growth of the trefoil rattan seeds are difficult to completely block under natural conditions. According to the invention, by culturing the artificial coleoptera weevil insects and putting the artificial coleoptera weevil insects in the trefoil derris rattan in a proper amount, the seed tissue of the trefoil derris rattan can be effectively damaged, the condition that the trefoil derris rattan regenerates through seed reproduction is blocked, and the ecological balance cannot be damaged.
4. The method also applies the acetic acid solution to the rootstocks of the strong trefoil derris for two times, further ensures that the trefoil derris can be quickly prevented and treated, blocks the quick propagation and growth of the overhigh trefoil derris, and effectively restricts the damage of the trefoil derris to mangrove forests.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of an insect belonging to the family Coleoptera, the family trunk insect of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples in order that the advantages and features of the present invention may be more readily understood, but the scope of the invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
Artificially feeding coleopteran weevil insects:
the coleoptera weevil family insect is from northern sea of Guangxi, the length of a female adult insect is 3-4mm, the length of a male adult insect is 2-3mm, the coleoptera and a breast back plate are brown, white villi are densely covered (see the attached figure 1 of the specification specifically), a trefoil derris seed and the coleoptera weevil family insect are collected outdoors, the trefoil derris seed and/or bud are fed to the coleoptera weevil family insect, the larva is artificially propagated, and the bred larva is fed to the adult insect to prepare for release.
Example 2
A method for preventing and treating derris trifoliata in mangrove forests comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting off the rhizomes of the derris trifoliate in the mangrove forest at a position of 10cm at the lowest tide level in the whole day, and spraying 50mL of acetic acid solution with the volume concentration of 6% once at the base of each rootstalk; after 3 days, placing artificially fed Coleoptera weevil insects on the Trifolium pratense, wherein the placement density is 10 insects per plant;
(2) collecting the dodder stem sections: selecting 8cm of semen Cuscutae with host stem segment to obtain semen Cuscutae stem segment;
(3) placing a dodder stem section at the position of a canopy on the water surface of the derris trifoliata 4-10 months per year, cutting off the dodder at a position 10cm away from the rootstalk of the derris trifoliata after the dodder is successfully parasitized on the derris trifoliata, and pouring 20mL of 10% acetic acid solution once at the base of each rootstalk; the placing mode for placing the dodder stem segments is as follows: selecting an artificial winding method, namely winding the stem tip of the dodder on the green stem segment of the derris trifoliata, and placing the dodder with the host stem segment at the crown layer of the derris trifoliata; or directly throwing the stem segments of the dodder; the parasitic success rate of the dodder stem section is more than 70%. Checking whether the dodder generates a haustoria on the derris 5 days after the release, wherein the generation of the haustoria indicates that the dodder is parasitic successfully, and if the parasitic success is insufficient, the stem section of the dodder can be supplemented and placed.
Example 3
A method for preventing and treating derris trifoliata in mangrove forests comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting off the trefoil rattan at the position of 20cm height at the lowest tide level in the whole day, and spraying 20mL of 10% acetic acid solution once at the base of each rootstock; after 5 days, placing artificially fed Coleoptera weevilidae insects on the Trifolium pratense with a density of 20 insects per plant;
(2) collecting the dodder stem segments: selecting a 25cm Chinese dodder stem tip section to obtain a dodder stem section for later use;
(3) placing a dodder stem section at the position of a canopy on the water surface of the derris trifoliata 4-10 months per year, cutting off the dodder at a position 10cm away from the rootstalk of the derris trifoliata after the dodder is successfully parasitized on the derris trifoliata, and pouring 50mL of acetic acid solution with the volume concentration of 6% once at the base of each rootstalk; the placing mode for placing the dodder stem segments is as follows: selecting an artificial winding method, namely winding the stem tip of the dodder on the green stem segment of the derris trifoliata, and placing the dodder with the host stem segment at the crown layer of the derris trifoliata; or directly throwing the stem segments of the dodder; the parasitic generating amount of the dodder stem is more than 70%. Checking whether the dodder generates a haustoria on the derris 5 days after the release, wherein the generation of the haustoria indicates that the dodder is parasitic successfully, and if the parasitic success is insufficient, the stem section of the dodder can be supplemented and placed.
Example 4
A method for preventing and treating derris trifoliata in mangrove forests comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting off 15cm of rootstock of derris trifoliate of mangrove forest at the lowest tide level in the whole day, and spraying 25mL of acetic acid solution with volume concentration of 8% once at the base of each rootstock; after 4 days, placing artificially-fed Coleoptera weevil insects on the Trifolium pratense, wherein the placement density is 15 insects per plant;
(2) collecting the dodder stem sections: selecting a 20cm dodder seed stem tip section to obtain a dodder seed stem section for later use;
(3) placing a dodder stem section at the position of a canopy on the water surface of the derris trifoliata 4-10 months per year, and cutting off the derris trifoliata at the position of 15cm high at the root and stem of the derris trifoliata after the dodder is successfully parasitized on the derris trifoliata, wherein the base part of each root and stem is sprayed with 30mL of acetic acid solution with the volume concentration of 8%; the placing mode for placing the dodder stem segments is as follows: selecting an artificial winding method, namely winding the stem tip of the dodder on the green stem segment of the derris trifoliata, and placing the dodder with the host stem segment at the crown layer of the derris trifoliata; or directly throwing the stem segments of the dodder; the parasitic success rate of the dodder stem section is more than 70%. Checking whether the dodder generates a haustoria on the derris 5 days after the release, wherein the generation of the haustoria indicates that the dodder is parasitic successfully, and if the parasitic success is insufficient, the stem section of the dodder can be supplemented and placed.
Comparative example 1: the method of placing dodder in example 4 is used. Acetic acid solution and Coleoptera weevilidae insects were not used.
Comparative example 2: the method of example 4 is adopted to place dodder and drench acetic acid solution. Insects of the family Coleoptera are not used.
The methods of examples 2-4 and comparative examples 1-2 were used for controlling derris trifoliata in mangrove forests, and the control conditions obtained are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the data in table 1, according to the control method of the embodiment of the present invention, by introducing the insects of the families of curculiginis and coleoptera, and by combining with acetic acid leaching roots, the derris trifoliata can be effectively removed, and no recurrence occurs in the second year; and the parameters of the embodiments 2-4 of the invention are superior to those of the comparative examples 1-2, which shows that the aim of complete removal cannot be achieved by only using the dodder or combining the dodder with the acetic acid solution, and although the effect is certain in the first year, the diseases are easy to recur, and the prevention and treatment method of the invention is proved to remove the trefoil derris effectively and radically.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preventing and treating derris trifoliata in mangrove is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) cutting off the position 10-20 cm above the rootstock of the derris trifoliata in the lowest tide level of the mangrove forest all day long, spraying an acetic acid solution on the rootstock once, and placing artificially fed insects of the family Coleopteridae on the derris trifoliata after 3-5 days;
(2) collecting the dodder stem sections: selecting 8-12 cm of semen cuscutae with host stem segments, or selecting 20-25 cm of semen cuscutae stem tip segments to obtain semen cuscutae stem segments for later use; the semen Cuscutae is semen Cuscutae;
(3) and 4-10 months per year, placing the stem section of the dodder at the position of the canopy on the water surface of the derris trifoliata, cutting off the dodder at a position 10-20 cm above the rhizome of the derris trifoliata after the dodder is successfully parasitized on the derris trifoliata, and spraying an acetic acid solution on the base of the rhizome.
2. The method for controlling trefoil derris in mangrove forests according to claim 1, wherein the volume concentration of the acetic acid solution in the step (1) is 6-10%, and 20-50 mL of acetic acid solution is applied to each plant.
3. The method for controlling trefoil derris in mangrove forest according to claim 1, wherein the insects of Coleoptera weevil family are from northern sea of Guangxi, and their female adults are 3-4mm in length, male adults are 2-3mm in length, and the coleoptera and the back of the chest are brown and densely covered with white villi.
4. The method for controlling trefoil derris in mangrove forest according to claim 1, wherein the density of the coleoptera weevil insects is 10-20 insects per plant.
5. The method for controlling trefoil rattan in mangrove according to claim 1, wherein the artificial feeding method of coleoptera weevil is: collecting Trifolium repens seeds and Coleoptera weevil family insects outdoors, feeding the Trifolium repens seeds and/or flower buds to the Coleoptera weevil family insects, artificially propagating larvae, and feeding the cultured larvae to adults for preparing release.
6. The method for preventing and treating trelago pterocarpus in mangrove forest according to claim 1, wherein the placing mode for placing the dodder seed stem section is as follows: selecting an artificial winding method, namely winding the stem tip of the dodder on the green stem segment of the derris trifoliata, and placing the dodder with the host stem segment at the crown layer of the derris trifoliata; or directly throwing the stem segments of the dodder.
7. The method for controlling trefoil derris in mangrove forests according to claim 1, wherein the volume concentration of the acetic acid solution in the step (3) is 6-10%, and 20-50 mL of acetic acid solution is applied to each plant.
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