CN116746411A - Physical control method for trifolium davidiana kohlin - Google Patents
Physical control method for trifolium davidiana kohlin Download PDFInfo
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- CN116746411A CN116746411A CN202310462944.XA CN202310462944A CN116746411A CN 116746411 A CN116746411 A CN 116746411A CN 202310462944 A CN202310462944 A CN 202310462944A CN 116746411 A CN116746411 A CN 116746411A
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- derris
- mangrove
- shading
- trifoliate
- shading net
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 241000219793 Trifolium Species 0.000 title description 4
- 241000522187 Derris Species 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-HBGVWJBISA-N rotenone Chemical compound O([C@H](CC1=C2O3)C(C)=C)C1=CC=C2C(=O)[C@@H]1[C@H]3COC2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-HBGVWJBISA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N rotenone Natural products O1C2=C3CC(C(C)=C)OC3=CC=C2C(=O)C2C1COC1=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 240000002044 Rhizophora apiculata Species 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241000700141 Rotifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 240000007581 Derris trifoliata Species 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015724 Trifolium pratense Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000004035 Cryptotaenia japonica Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 102000007641 Trefoil Factors Human genes 0.000 claims 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000024241 parasitism Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 240000002913 Trifolium pratense Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000013526 red clover Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 241000220485 Fabaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010678 Paulownia tomentosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000120622 Rhizophoraceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000153888 Tung Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant protection, and particularly relates to a physical prevention and control method for damage of climbing plant trifoliate derris in mangrove forests. The invention is divided into 3 steps of cutting, shading and constructing a tidal ditch on the derris in the climbing process, and 3 steps of mowing, laminating and planting the derris vertically growing on the ground. After the invention is treated, the biomass of the derris in unit area is reduced by at least 80 percent; and meanwhile, the secondary recurrence in a large area can not occur. The growth of mangrove plants is not affected after the control, and the living environment of large benthonic animals such as mangrove forest hydrology, soil and the like is not affected while the rotifers are treated. The invention can carry out the flaking treatment on the derris without carrying out complicated operations such as parasitism on single trifoliate derris plants, and is suitable for large-area popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant protection, and particularly relates to a physical control method of trifolium rotifer.
Background
The three-leaf derris (Derris trifoliata Lour.) are perennial climbing shrubs of the genus derris of the family Leguminosae, grow fast, and have two propagation modes, including seed propagation and asexual propagation, and the germination rate of the seeds can reach more than 95%. The derris habitat overlaps with part of mangrove plants, and is classified as a mangrove plant companion in China. In recent years, the derris in most mangrove forest distribution areas in China rapidly spread and spread, are often concentrated and distributed in a piece-by-piece manner, continuously expand into mangrove forests, and are wound in a large area to cover mangrove plants so as to cause death; the mangrove ecosystem is facing serious threats.
At present, a long-term effective treatment method for the three-leaf derris does not exist, and large ships and large equipment cannot pass through due to the complexity of mangrove environments; manual cutting is typically performed by manually riding a light yacht carrying a cutting device; the method is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and frequent recurrence is caused by various propagation modes.
CN112119815a discloses a method for controlling trifolium in mangrove forest; the method for treating the trifoliate derris by utilizing the coleopteran insects and the semen cuscutae has the defect that the semen cuscutae stem is required to be placed at the canopy position on the water surface of the trifoliate derris; the operation difficulty of workers is higher than that of manually cutting the three-leaf derris, and the feasibility of large-scale popularization is not realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a physical control method of the three-leaf derris by researching the growth condition of the three-leaf derris, the treated three-leaf derris cannot relapse in a large area, and the difficulty of primary manual operation is low.
A physical prevention and treatment method of three-leaf derris,
for the three-leaf derris which are climbing, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Cutting and shearing: cutting and shearing the derris climbing on the mangrove plant to the condition without leaves as much as possible before the derris trifoliata seeds are ripe, namely 4-6 months per year;
(2) Shading: covering the rotifer which climbs to the crown and cannot be cut by using a shading net with shading rate of more than 80%, covering the rotifer to the whole growing period, and removing the shading net before 11 months;
(3) Digging a tidal ditch: digging and constructing a tidal ditch at the edge of the treatment area, wherein the depth of the ditch is 60-80cm, the width is more than or equal to 100cm, and the climbing of surrounding derris into the forest is inhibited;
for vertically grown trifoliate derris, the steps are included:
(1) Cutting: cutting the vertically grown trifoliate derris to within 10cm of the ground surface;
(2) And (3) film coating: after mowing, double-layer covering is carried out in a treatment area by using a shading net with shading degree of 90%;
(3) Planting: removing the shading net for planting after covering for 4-6 months; or opening on the shading net to plant mangrove, and removing the covering film when the mangrove grows to form a closed state and can inhibit the growth of the trifoliate derris under the forest.
Particularly, for the vertically grown trifoliate derris, in the film covered in the step (2), a shading net with shading degree more than or equal to 90% is selected to be covered repeatedly in the area where the trifoliate derris do not climb.
In particular, in the planting in the step (3), the mangrove plant starts to be planted after 4 to 6 months after the film is covered, or the mangrove plant is planted in the opening of the shading net;
removing the shading net, and planting medium seedlings and/or large seedlings;
or, reserving a shading net, perforating the shading net, and planting small seedlings, medium seedlings and/or large seedlings in the holes.
In particular, for the climbing three-leaf derris, in the step (2) of shading, a shading net with shading rate of more than 80% is used in the area where the three-leaf derris are climbing, the derris which are climbing to the crown and cannot be cut are covered, the whole growing period is covered, and the shading net is removed before 11 months.
The research of the invention finds that when the three-leaf derris grow vertically, root tillers are taken as a main diffusion mode; when the trifoliate derris climb on the mangrove crown, a large amount of seeds are produced, and thus the derris need to be treated before the seed production season.
Aiming at the growth condition of the three-leaf derris, the invention adopts different treatment methods according to different growth modes:
the invention discovers that the flooding time is different due to the difference of the elevations of the areas where mangroves are located. The rotifer is flooded for more than 4-6 hours every day to prevent root system from breathing, so that the rotifer cannot survive; meanwhile, the research of the invention discovers that the root system depth of the three-leaf derris is basically within 60cm, the root system depth can exceed 60cm when a few root systems are stretched, and no record of the depth of the root system is more than 80 cm; so that the depth of the tidal ditch is 60-80cm, and no further control effect exists beyond the depth, and effective control cannot be achieved below the depth; in addition, the invention also finds that the root system tillering extension range of the trifoliate derris is within 1m, and a tidal ditch with the width exceeding 1m can inhibit tillering diffusion, so that the width of the tidal ditch is at least more than 1 m; the main function of the tidal ditch is to prevent the outside diffusion of the yu teng.
The invention discloses mowing, which aims at the three-leaf derris growing vertically, and adopts a mowing method because the three-leaf derris take root tillers as main diffusion modes.
When the three-leaf derris climb on the mangrove crown, a large amount of seeds are produced, so that the derris are cut and shielded before the seeds are produced in season (4-6 months).
Because the intertidal zone where the mangrove is located is not smooth and firm soil, is a loose mud beach with concave-convex, uneven and uneven surfaces, and can be sunk when being detached by a person; the situation of uneven height of the plants growing at the same time can be further aggravated, so that the plants cannot be completely cut off along the ground during mowing; the invention discovers that the effect of cleaning can be achieved by cutting the non-climbing area of the three-leaf derris without attachments to a height within 10m from the ground surface and matching with the subsequent coating. For the area that the three-leaf derris have climbed, when the derris are mowed and the climbing stems are at a height within 50cm from the ground, the effect of cleaning can be achieved by matching with the follow-up film to shield sunlight.
The purpose of the film is to shade the treated area and inhibit the growth of the derris, but the shading does not influence the water and nutrient transmission, so that the mangrove plant community and the large benthonic animal habitat are protected to the greatest extent.
In order to recover the growth of mangrove in the treatment area, after the film is covered for 4-6 months (the beginning of 9 months), the growth of the three-leaf derris is slower in the early autumn, and the growth of the mangrove plants is better and practical, so that the shading net is required to be removed, and medium seedlings and/or large seedlings of the mangrove are planted; or the shading net is perforated, and small seedlings, medium seedlings and/or large seedlings are planted in the holes.
The invention can not generate large-area secondary recurrence after prevention and treatment, but needs to manually remove scattered single plants and perform post maintenance on the groove.
After the invention is treated, the biomass of the derris in unit area is reduced by at least 80 percent; and meanwhile, the secondary recurrence in a large area can not occur. The mangrove plant is not affected after the control, and the water and nutrient transmission is not affected, so that the living environment of mangrove forest soil and large benthonic animals is protected.
The invention has convenient treatment and does not need complicated operations such as parasitic operation and the like aiming at the single trifoliate derris plants; is suitable for large-area popularization.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIGS. 1a and 1b show the growth of Trifolium pratense in the area A before treatment.
FIG. 1c shows the growth of Trifolium pratense in treated area A.
FIG. 1d shows the recovery of mangrove in post-treatment annual zone A.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are not intended to limit the present invention, but are merely illustrative of the present invention. The experimental methods used in the following examples are not specifically described, but the experimental methods in which specific conditions are not specified in the examples are generally carried out under conventional conditions, and the materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
According to the "Shengnong, et al. The diffusion law of yu teng in mangrove was first explored [ J ]. Hainan university report (Nature science edition), 2021,34 (02): 148-153", description of:
the spread of the derris in mangrove is mainly carried out in the two modes of tidal channel band-shaped spread and plaque-shaped spread.
The height increment of the derris supported by the climbing objects is extremely obviously different from that of the derris supported by the climbing objects, and the ground diameter increment of the derris supported by the climbing objects is obviously different from that of the derris supported by the climbing objects.
The spread of the yu teng has a preference for different mangrove plant communities, wherein the yu teng distribution area in the tung flower community is the largest.
Based on the research, we can find that the key point for preventing the spread of the derris to the new area is to adopt different measures for the derris trifoliata in different periods, specifically:
when the trifoliate derris grow vertically, root tillers are taken as a main diffusion mode, so that a mowing method is adopted;
when the three-leaf derris climb on the mangrove crown, a large amount of seeds are produced, so that the derris need to be cut and shielded before the seed production season.
Zhan Jiang, an shop Jiuzhou Jiang mangrove forest area in Guangdong.
As shown in fig. 1a and 1b, the trifoliate derris in the treatment area simultaneously comprises two growth states of climbing and vertical growth, and for this case, the following measures are adopted:
for the three-leaf derris which are climbing, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Cutting and shearing: cutting and shearing the derris climbing on the mangrove plant until the derris trifoliata seeds are ripe, namely 4-6 months per year, until the derris trifoliata seeds are in a blade-free state;
(2) Shading: covering the rotifer which climbs to the crown and cannot be cut by using a shading net with shading rate of more than 80%, covering the rotifer to the whole growing period, and removing the shading net before 11 months;
(3) Digging a tidal ditch: digging and constructing a tidal ditch at the edge of the treatment area, wherein the depth of the ditch is 60-80cm, the width is more than or equal to 100cm, and the climbing of surrounding derris into the forest is inhibited;
for vertically grown trifoliate derris, the steps are included:
(1) Cutting: cutting the vertically grown trifoliate derris to within 10cm of the ground surface;
(2) And (3) film coating: after mowing, double-layer covering is carried out in a treatment area by using a shading net with shading degree of 90%;
(3) Planting: removing the shading net for planting after covering for 4 months; or opening on the shading net to plant mangrove, and removing the covering film when the mangrove grows to form a closed state and can inhibit the growth of the trifoliate derris under the forest.
As shown in fig. 1a and 1b, the rotten vine of the region A before the treatment is flooded, and after the control method of the invention is adopted, mangrove forest is planted on the film by opening holes after the film is covered as shown in fig. 1 c; in the next year, as can be seen in fig. 1d, the grooves cannot be seen intuitively because they are underwater, only the large blank area at the edge area of the mangrove can be seen, and the derris cannot expand inwards.
Meanwhile, the invention uses data to represent the visualization and quantification of the effect brought by the control scheme, and the detail is as shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of biomass before and after Trifolium Pratense treatment
From the calculation results in table 1, it can be seen that:
the biomass of the derris per square meter:
(1) climbing area is 0.8973 multiplied by 10 4 g/m2, 80% reduction after treatment;
(2) the non-climbing area is 0.8875X10 4 g/m2, and the reduction of the treatment rate is 95 percent.
The foregoing detailed description is directed to one of the possible embodiments of the present invention, which is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but is to be accorded the full scope of all such equivalents and modifications so as not to depart from the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A physical prevention and control method for three-leaf derris is characterized in that,
for the three-leaf derris which are climbing, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Cutting and shearing: cutting and shearing the derris climbing on the mangrove plant until the derris trifoliata seeds are ripe, namely 4-6 months per year, until the derris trifoliata seeds are in a blade-free state;
(2) Shading: covering the rotifer which climbs to the crown and cannot be cut by using a shading net until the rotifer is in the whole growing period;
(3) Digging a tidal ditch: digging and constructing a tidal ditch at the edge of the treatment area, wherein the depth of the ditch is 60-80cm, the width is more than or equal to 100cm, and the climbing of surrounding derris into the forest is inhibited;
for vertically grown trifoliate derris, the steps are included:
(1) Cutting: cutting the vertically grown trifoliate derris to within 10cm of the ground surface;
(2) And (3) film coating: covering the treated area with a shading net after mowing;
(3) Planting: removing the shading net for planting after covering for 4-6 months; or opening on the shading net to plant mangrove, and removing the covering film when the mangrove grows to form a closed state and can inhibit the growth of the trifoliate derris under the forest.
2. The physical control method of the trifoliate derris according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2) of coating, a shading net with shading degree of more than or equal to 90% is selected for the trifoliate derris growing vertically to be doubly covered in an area where the trifoliate derris have not climbed.
3. The physical control method of yurt of claim 2, wherein in the planting of step (3), the planting of mangrove plants is started after 4-6 months after the film coating, or the mangrove plants are planted in the openings on the shade screen;
removing the shading net, and planting medium seedlings and/or large seedlings;
or, reserving a shading net, perforating the shading net, and planting small seedlings, medium seedlings and/or large seedlings in the holes.
4. The physical control method of trefoil derris according to claim 1, wherein, in the step (2) of shading, a shading net with shading rate of 80% or more is used in the area where trefoil derris are climbing, and derris which cannot be cut and sheared up to the crown are covered up to the whole growing period, and the shading net is removed before 11 months.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117678447A (en) * | 2024-01-23 | 2024-03-12 | 宁波大学 | Shading and film covering removal treatment method for spartina alterniflora |
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| CN114202552A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-03-18 | 海南省林业科学研究院(海南省红树林研究院) | Method for calculating amount of labor for artificial cleaning of derris trifoliata |
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2023
- 2023-04-26 CN CN202310462944.XA patent/CN116746411A/en active Pending
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Cited By (1)
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| CN117678447A (en) * | 2024-01-23 | 2024-03-12 | 宁波大学 | Shading and film covering removal treatment method for spartina alterniflora |
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