CN103594738A - 一种高温阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池 - Google Patents
一种高温阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高温阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池，包括电池槽、正极板、负极板、隔板、电解质，所述极板包括板栅和涂涂在板栅格子体中的活性物质层，正极板活性物质包括铅粉、硫酸、水、短纤维、石墨、Bi2O3、Sb2O3、SnSO4、聚苯胺和4Pb·PbSO4。本发明的铅酸蓄电池高温性能好，在没有空调设施的使用场合，也能保证蓄电池的正常使用，尤其适合于在高温环境下使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及铅酸蓄电池技术领域，具体涉及一种适合于高温环境中使用的阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池。
背景技术
随着通信、储能领域不断发展，阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池越来越多地使用到高温环境中。比如城市楼顶的通信基站，我国南方的农村电信直放站、室外风能太阳能储能应用等高温条件下。现有技术生产的阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池应用在上述高温环境，寿命会缩短50%以上。影响电池高温性能的因素有很多，主要因素有：电池板栅合金、正极活性物质配方、负极活性物质配方、电池壳体材料、电池装配方式等。现有阀控式密封蓄电池采用传统的工艺和结构，所述上述因素不够科学合理，一般工作在有空调恒温的环境中，造成大量的能源消耗，工作温度不超过28℃，否则寿命大大缩短，不能满足高温环境下使用要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种在没有空调设施的场合，也能保证正常使用寿命的高温阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池。
本发明的高温阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池，包括电池槽、正极板、负极板、隔板、电解质，所述极板包括板栅和填涂在板栅格子体中的活性物质层，正极板活性物质包括铅粉、硫酸、水、短纤维、石墨、Bi2O3、Sb2O3、SnSO4、聚苯胺和4Pb·PbSO4。
作为改进，上述正极活性物质中石墨、Bi2O3、Sb2O3、SnSO4、聚苯胺、4Pb·PbSO4相对于铅粉质量的重量百分比为：石墨0.2%～0.5%、Bi2O3 0.04%～0.08%、Sb2O3 0.05%～0. 1%、SnSO4 0.04%～0.08%、聚苯胺0.2%～0.6%、4Pb·PbSO4 0.2%～0.6%。
作为改进，上述负极板活性物质包括铅粉、硫酸、水、短纤维、木素、腐植酸、乙炔黑、引杜林和茴香醛。
作为进一步的改进，上述负极活性物质配方中引杜林、茴香醛相对于铅粉质量的重量百分比为：引杜林0.1%～0.5%、茴香醛0.1%～0.6%。
作为改进， 上述正极板板栅合金由质量百分含量为1.2～2.0%的锡、0.04～0.08%的钙、余量为铅组成。
作为改进，上述电解质中含有SiO2，其相对于电解质的重量百分比为0.5%～5%。
作为改进，上述电池槽材料为聚苯醚。
本发明的铅酸蓄电池有如下优点：
1、正极活性物质配方中添加了Sb2O3可以避免铅钙合金无锑效应产生的电池容量早衰现象；石墨、Bi2O3的添加有利于在活性物质中形成导电网络，提高内化成效率与活性物质利用率；硫酸亚锡SnSO4的添加可以避免电池内部的硫酸铅晶枝的产生，提高电池的使用寿命，聚苯胺的添加使正活性物质的储存电荷能力提高，对氧和水稳定性变好，电化学性能良好；
2、负极活性物质配方中含有引杜林、茴香醛，可降低电池自放电、延缓负极硫化、延长负极寿命；
3、正极板板栅合金为高锡低钙铅合金，减少了电池在高温条件下的失水，提高了板栅的耐腐蚀性能；
4、电解液中含有SiO2使电解质呈凝胶状态，不流动，无电液分层现象；极群周围均可填充凝胶电解质，使蓄电池的载液量、热容量增大；电解质中的水份被凝胶颗粒包裹在其中，水份的散失少，蓄电池在高温及过充电的情况下，也不易干涸，不易出现热失控现象。
由于上述因素的影响，本发明的阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池，其高温浮充寿命超出普通铅酸蓄电池1倍以上。
附图说明
附图1为本发明铅酸蓄电池结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明（以下均为重量百分含量）：
实施例一：以常用规格2V500Ah电池为例：
1、极板制作：
采用高锡低钙铅合金（锡的含量为2.0%，钙含量为0.08%，余量为铅）浇铸正板栅7；
正极活性物质中除铅粉外还添加相对于铅粉质量0.8%的聚脂纤维、8.0%的硫酸(1.4g/ml)、13%的去离子水、0.5%的石墨、0.08%的Bi2O3、0.1%的Sb2O3、0.08%的SnSO4、0.6%的聚苯胺、0.6%的4Pb·PbSO4。上述配方量的铅粉、聚脂纤维、石墨、Bi2O3 、Sb2O3、 SnSO4、聚苯胺、4Pb·PbSO4先进行干混合，再加入配方量的去离子水进行湿混合，湿混合均匀后再缓慢加入配方量的硫酸溶液，经充分搅拌形成正极铅膏6，填涂在正极板栅7上，经过固化干燥处理后形成正极板；
采用普通铅钙合金浇铸负板栅5；
负极活性物质中除铅粉外还添加相对于铅粉质量0.8%的聚脂纤维、9%的硫酸(1.4g/ml)、13%的去离子水、0.25%的木素、0.25%的腐植酸、0.5%的乙炔黑、0.5%的引杜林、0.6%的茴香醛。上述配方量的铅粉、聚脂纤维、木素、腐植酸、乙炔黑、引杜林、茴香醛先进行干混合，再加入配方量的去离子水进行湿混合，湿混合均匀后再缓慢加入配方量的硫酸溶液，经充分搅拌形成负极铅膏4，填涂在负极板栅5上，经过固化干燥处理后形成负极板。
2、极群装配：正极板10片，负极板11片，隔板22片，正负极板分别用隔板3包裹后按照负、正交替的方式叠片形成极板群，极板群的正极板极耳与正极极柱极柱焊接成为一体，形成正极汇流排，极板群的负极板极耳与负极极柱极柱焊接成为一体，形成负极汇流排，这样就组成了一个2V500Ah的电池极群。
3、极群入壳：电池槽2、盖1选用耐高温的聚苯醚材料，将上述极群装入电池槽，采用胶封或热封方式将电池槽2与电池盖1密封。
4、注入电解质：配制硫酸电解质时添加气相二氧化硅粉（SiO2），采用高速搅拌方式混合，SiO2相对于电解质的重量百分比为5%。电解质配制后抽真空定量灌注到电池中，转入内化成充电。
实施例二：按实施例一的方法制备2V500Ah电池，所不同的是：
正板栅锡的含量为1.2%，钙含量为0.04%；
正极活性物质中除铅粉外还添加相对于铅粉质量1.0%的聚脂纤维、10%的硫酸(1.4g/ml)、11%的去离子水、0.2%的石墨、0.04%的Bi2O3、0.05%的Sb2O3、0.04%的SnSO4、0.2%的聚苯胺、0.2%的4Pb·PbSO4；
负极活性物质中中除铅粉外还添加相对于铅粉质量1.0%的聚脂纤维、11%的硫酸(1.4g/ml)、11%的去离子水、0.4%的木素、0.4%的腐植酸、0.2%的乙炔黑、0.1%的引杜林、0.1%的茴香醛；
SiO2相对于电解质的重量百分比为0.5%。
将上述实施例制备的电池进行高温加速浮充寿命试验，试验程序为：将蓄电池放置于60±2℃的环境中，以2.25V/单体浮充电压连续充电30天，将蓄电池取出，在25±2℃的环境中进行3小时率放电检测，为一次循环，直至蓄电池容量低于3小时率额定容量的80%时，寿命试验结束。
按实施例一所生产的样品蓄电池抽样按高温加速浮充寿命试验方法进行浮充循环，直至蓄电池3小时率放电容量低于额定容量的80%时，样品电池的循环次数为12次，现有技术的蓄电池循环次数一般只有5次左右。
按实施例二所生产的样品蓄电池抽样按高温加速浮充寿命试验方法进行浮充循环，直至蓄电池3小时率放电容量低于额定容量的80%时，样品电池的循环次数为10次，现有技术的蓄电池循环次数一般只有5次左右。
从上述试验结果可以说明，采用本发明例制作的蓄电池，高温浮充寿命明显提高，能够适应在高温环境下的使用。
Claims (7)
1.一种高温阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池，包括电池槽、正极板、负极板、隔板、电解质，所述极板包括板栅和填涂在板栅格子体中的活性物质层，其特征在于正极板活性物质包括铅粉、硫酸、水、短纤维、石墨、Bi2O3、Sb2O3、SnSO4、聚苯胺和4Pb·PbSO4。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高温阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池，其特征在于所述正极活性物质中石墨、Bi2O3、Sb2O3、SnSO4、聚苯胺、4Pb·PbSO4相对于铅粉质量的重量百分比为：石墨0.2%～0.5%、Bi2O3 0.04%～0.08%、Sb2O3 0.05%～0. 1%、SnSO4 0.04%～0.08%、聚苯胺0.2%～0.6%、4Pb·PbSO4 0.2%～0.6%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的高温阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池，其特征在于负极板活性物质包括铅粉、硫酸、水、短纤维、木素、腐植酸、乙炔黑、引杜林和茴香醛。
4.根据权利要求3所述的高温阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池，其特征在于所述负极活性物质配方中引杜林、茴香醛相对于铅粉质量的重量百分比为：引杜林0.1%～0.5%、茴香醛0.1%～0.6%。
5.根据权利要求1、2或4所述的高温阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池，其特征在于正极板板栅合金由质量百分含量为1.2～2.0%的锡、0.04～0.08%的钙、余量为铅组成。
6.根据权利要求1、2或4所述的高温阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池，其特征在于电解质中含有SiO2，其相对于电解质的重量百分比为0.5%～5%。
7.根据权利要求1、2或4所述的高温阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池，其特征在于电池槽材料为聚苯醚。
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