CN104409784B - 微混汽车起停系统用铅酸蓄电池 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种微混汽车起停系统用铅酸蓄电池,涉及铅酸蓄电池技术领域。改进之处在于,电池外壳为改性PP材料,板栅合金为铅—钙—稀土合金,其重量百分比为钙0.03~0.08%,稀土0.01~0.1%,其余为铅,板栅为放射筋栅格结构,正极活性物质中加入三氧化二锑,负极活性物质中含有导电石墨。该电池外壳长久不变形,极板导电性能好,能有效控制失水和内阻变化带来的失效,显著提高深循环使用寿命,尤其适用于微混汽车起停系统。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型“微混汽车起停系统(Start/Stop系统)专用阀控密封铅酸蓄电池”,属于铅酸蓄电池领域。
背景技术
2012年6月28日,国务院《节能与新能源汽车产业发展规划(2012—2020年)》要求到2015年,当年生产的乘用车平均燃料消耗量降至6.9升/百公里,节能型乘用车燃料消耗量降至5.9升/百公里以下。
带有起停系统的微混节能汽车,因为投入成本低,节能见效快,技术成熟,所以在乘用车的推广普及中变得非常快。
起停系统用蓄电池,除了延续承担高低温恶劣使用环境下大电流放电功能,还要承担汽车在发动机关闭状态下空调、雨刷、音响、转向灯等车内部分负载的供电功能,蓄电池放电深度增加。在这种情况下,蓄电池使用寿命要求还要保证跟以前一样,目前专门用于起停系统的蓄电池还没有。车厂采用的都是以前的蓄电池,由于现有蓄电池在板栅合金、活性物质及外壳材料等方面的局限性,深循环使用寿命远远不能满足客户要求。所以开发起停系统专用蓄电池,具有非常现实的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种能大大提高深循环使用寿命的微混汽车起停系统用铅酸蓄电池。
本发明的技术方案是:微混汽车起停系统用铅酸蓄电池,包括外壳、板栅、活笥物质,其改进之处是所述外壳为改性PP材料,板栅合金为铅—钙—稀土合金,板栅为放射筋栅格结构,正极活性物质中加入三氧化二锑,负极活性物质中含有导电石墨。
所述改性PP材料为含碳纤维和碳酸钙的改性PP材料;所述铅—钙—稀土合金的重量百分比含量为:钙0.03%~0.08%,稀土0.01%~0.1%,其余为铅;所述正极活性物质的组分及重量百分比含量为:红丹15%~30%,三氧化二锑0.01%~0.03%,其余为铅;所述负极活性物质中导电石墨的重量百分比含量为1%~3%。
蓄电池外壳,采用改性PP材料,在保证了塑料外壳韧性的基础上,又增加塑料外壳的强度,使极群在高装配压力的情况下,最大程度的保证了外壳的不变形。电池直到寿命终止,不会出现因外壳变形改变极群紧密结合现状而造成正极活性物质与板栅逐渐脱离引起内阻增高的失效模式。改性PP材料有很多种类,本发明是在做了大量试验工作验证后,确定的新材料。
蓄电池板栅合金,采用了抗电化学腐蚀,导电性能卓越,热膨胀性能稳定的铅-钙-稀土合金,由于该蓄电池在发动机旁使用,又汽车过充电频繁,所以实际使用失水情况严重,加入合适比例的钙,从而提高析氢电势,降低水分解电压约200mV,所以最大程度控制高温下使用的失水。适量稀土加入,使钙分布晶粒均匀,减少钙分子团团聚,大大降低了腐蚀团聚点直径。同时稀土加入,导电性能好,硬度高,使板栅在承载瞬间大电流放电急剧骤热情况下,会降低活性物质与板栅结合层的热胀冷缩造成的变形空隙,从而最大程度降低使用过程中的内阻逐渐增加的不可控失效。
板栅结构,采用了放射筋栅格,极耳导电集中部位,加大了板栅栅格的密集度设计,使电池耐受大电流放电及耐腐蚀性能增强。
正、负极活性物质配方有很大改善,正极添加合适比例的三氧化二锑,改善了正极活性物质与板栅之间的结合程度,同时活性物质的改进能降低氧在正极析出的超电势,降低氢在负极析出的超电势,从而减少失水。但是添加比例不合适,就会在负极形成原电池,电池自放电严重,反而会性能下降更快,使用合适的比例是关键。
此外该蓄电池的排气阀在8~20kpa开闭阀压力下作了大量试验与阀体改进,根据起停电池穿壁焊、凹端子结构而造成的气室空间体积大,采集收集充、放电寿命循环测试过程中气体每天排气量,同时采集一个月后气体经复合后的排气量做气体收集试验,同时确定分析是氧气还是氢气成分,经过大量试验,确定了开阀和闭阀压力,减少了气室较大,气体堆积多、电池虚焊又大电流放电引起明火而引起的爆炸、助燃的现象。合理的开闭阀压力同时对电池失水有很好的保护,增加电池使用寿命。
采用本发明制作的电池,是完全按照起停系统要求特殊设计和制造的专用蓄电池,其性能更优。
达到的性能指标:
1、低温启动能力:蓄电池按550A低温试验电流放电10s,停顿10s连续放电,直到放电至终止电压6.0V为止,时间不低于131s。
2、40ºC±2ºC条件下,50%深度放电循环,充放电循环达到360次;
a)以5I20电流放电2h,当蓄电池端电压≤10.0V时终止试验;
b)以14.4V±0.05V电压对蓄电池充电5h,极限电流Imax=5I20;
c)重复进行360次。在充放电循环过程中,不允许达到终止试验条件;
d)将蓄电池在40ºC±2ºC环境中放置3天(72h);
对蓄电池称重,测量电解液密度且在不预先充电情况下,进行低温起动能力试验。以550A低温试验电流放电10s的端电压应不低于6.0V。然后蓄电池按b)补充充电5h。
整个试验中,需电池无需补加水。
3、水损耗≤3g/Ah
综上所述,本发明通过材料、结构、工艺的改进,制作的阀控密封铅酸蓄电池,显著提高电池深循环下的循环使用寿命,适用于汽车起停系统。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
本实施例为12V-60Ah的微混汽车起停系统用阀控密封铅酸蓄电池。外壳采用含碳纤维和碳酸钙的改性PP材料。板栅采用含钙0.05%,稀土(Re)0.05%,余为铅的铅—钙—稀土合金。正极活性物质中红丹20%,三氧化二锑0.02%,余为铅。负极活性物质中含2%的导电石墨(以上百分比皆为重量百分比)。板栅结构为放射筋栅格结构,筋条由极耳根部向外呈放射状。其余未涉及技术内容采用现有技术。
Claims (3)
1.一种微混汽车起停系统用铅酸蓄电池,包括外壳、板栅、活性物质,所述外壳为改性PP材料,板栅为放射筋栅格结构,负极活性物质中含有导电石墨,其特征是所述板栅合金为铅—钙—稀土合金,其重量百分比含量为:钙0.03%~0.08%,稀土0.01%~0.1%,其余为铅;正极活性物质中加入三氧化二锑,正极活性物质的组分及重量百分比含量为:红丹15%~30%,三氧化二锑0.01%~0.03%,其余为铅。
2.按权利要求1所述微混汽车起停系统用铅酸蓄电池,其特征是所述改性PP材料为含碳纤维和碳酸钙的改性PP材料。
3.按权利要求1所述微混汽车起停系统用铅酸蓄电池,其特征是所述负极活性物质中导电石墨的重量百分比含量为1%~3%。
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CN103594738A (zh) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-02-19 | 湖南丰日电源电气股份有限公司 | 一种高温阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池 |
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