CN103548630A - Fully mechanized seed production method of hybrid rice - Google Patents
Fully mechanized seed production method of hybrid rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN103548630A CN103548630A CN201310497173.4A CN201310497173A CN103548630A CN 103548630 A CN103548630 A CN 103548630A CN 201310497173 A CN201310497173 A CN 201310497173A CN 103548630 A CN103548630 A CN 103548630A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fully mechanized seed production method of hybrid rice. The fully mechanized seed production method of the hybrid rice comprises the steps of: forming a seedling culturing field; sowing mechanically; planting female parents mechanically; performing mechanical management on the field; harvesting seeds mechanically; drying, dewatering, processing, packaging, loading and transporting the seeds mechanically. Through mechanization of a production process, the fully mechanized seed production method of hybrid rice reduces labor cost, lightens labor intensity, overcomes limitation of labor factor efficiently, promotes large-scale seed production and ensures supply of improved variety. The fully mechanized seed production method of hybrid rice is an organic combination of agricultural mechanization technology and out-crossing fructification biotechnology, can adjust seeding period difference of male parents and female parents and realize flower synchronization; machine transplanting of rice increases basic seedlings and speeds up transplanting progress, so that the purpose of increasing fringes and grains and establishing a good high-yield group structure is realized, increase of both production and income is accordingly realized, production cost is reduced, and good economic and social benefits are created.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Rice Cropping technical field, relate in particular to a kind of method of entire mechanization production of breeding of hybrid rice production.
Background technology
Succeeding in developing of hybrid rice, has not only solved populous Chinese's food problem, and for developing country provides an advanced agrotechnique, solves its problem of food and clothing.Yet, the seed of hybrid rice is produced---the complexity of breeding of hybrid rice, and the limitation of current equipment and technology, all there is technological deficiency in Mechanicalized seeding method of hybrid rice both at home and abroad, in the experimental study stage, as Parent, plant simultaneously and need its breeding time basically identical, but three of China's application is at present, the Parent of two-line hybrid rice combination is substantially asynchronous breeding time, and differ larger, therefore fail at China's area practice and application that has high input, Parent imports resist/sense weed killer herbicide gene, utilize weed killer herbicide to remove male parent, in production practices, there is the unclean problem of removing, for another example utilize male parent grain look, grain is heavy and particle shape has notable difference with hybrid rice F. seed, the method that adopts special optics or mechanical device that male parent and hybrid rice F. seed are distinguished, the also unclean problem of existence removal, male parent is manually planted. maternal mechanical direct-seeding, direct planting female parent easily lodges, as for selecting by 2～3 sowings to the first phase that begins fringe or bloom, differ the parent about 2～15 days, or the combined parent strain of poor phase homotype system composition, plant or sow the same period with the single parent of the opposing party, attempt solves flower synchronization problem, but can not regulate on one's own initiative the florescence, even in flower synchronization effective coverage range, also can only be used in part parent, reduce effective pollen amount, restriction hybrid seed yield level, if female parent is combined parent strain, the female parent of considerable part can not be pollinated solidly, and simultaneously different heading, to the hybrid rice seeds that the parent of the fringe that begins makes, may occur that hybrid rice differs sooner or later, affects output Canopy structure and bring managerial difficulty breeding time.If Mechanization Technique is simply applied to breeding of hybrid rice, directly cause that many, the flowering asynchronism of being short of seedling, field management weak effect, ripening rate are low, seed purity and bud rate reduce, a little less than resisting the ability of bad results weather.Output reduces, and quality reduces, and cost increases benefit loss.Only have through rigorous research and production experiment and demonstration, Agricultural Machinery Technology and outcrossing biotechnology and agronomy are organically combined to formation science, practical complete set technology---the method that entire mechanization that breeding of hybrid rice is produced is produced, could reduce labour intensity, reduce production cost, improve output and quality, obtain good economic benefits, and then the intensive degree of promotion breeding of hybrid rice, guarantee the supply of hybrid rice breeding.
Summary of the invention
A kind of method that provides breeding of hybrid rice entire mechanization to produce is provided the object of the embodiment of the present invention, be intended to solve that existing breeding of hybrid rice productive labor intensity is large, production cost is high, intensive degree is low, agriculture, rural areas and farmers change the problem of bringing, improve output and quality, obtain good economic benefits, promote the development that breeding of hybrid rice is produced.
The present invention is a kind of method that breeding of hybrid rice entire mechanization is produced, the method that this breeding of hybrid rice entire mechanization is produced is the combination of Agricultural Machinery Technology and outcrossing biotechnology and the agronomy utilization in breeding of hybrid rice production, and step is as follows:
Step 1, the making of nursery, in field, retain the shallow water of 2 centimetres～3 centimetres, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 1000 kilograms of dung polluted waters, 25 kilograms, phosphate fertilizer, with the whole ground of rotovator, fertile mud, merge, even up full field, fertile mud precipitation is after one day, with 1.6 meters～1.7 meters, open railway carriage or compartment, on mud, every mu is spread 3 kilograms～4 kilograms strong seedling spirits, by sludge mixing, the mud perfusion soft seedling culture disc by every mu of production land for growing field crops with the consumption yaw soft seedling culture disc ，Zai Jiang mud district of 20 floppy disks, mud is opened into 30 centimetres wide after taking away, 10 centimetres of dark railway carriage or compartment ditches;
Step 2, mechanical planting, sowing in maternal 7 days～8 days in advance, male parent and maternal sowing adopt convenient type sower, and sower yaw is on the railway carriage or compartment of growing seedlings, by the need kind amount of every mu of Production of Large Fields, broadcast 20 floppy disks and carry out machine sowing, female parent after planting sprays strengthening agent or fenaminosulf and returns mud capping kind;
Step 3, machine is planted maternal, first 4 days～5 days dry fields that discharge water of the maternal machine transplanting of rice, transplant after Parent pesticide, production of hybrid seeds land for growing field crops fertilizing amount and using sufficient after base fertilizer, with rotovator or the whole ground of cultivator, field retains 3 centimetres of shallow water stay cords and opens railway carriage or compartment, and breeding time, long combination was opened railway carriage or compartment with 2.4 meters～2.5 meters, plants 9 cun of two strain male parents, Parent spacing, male parent is moved back 7 cun～8 cun, nest, and four lines machine operation machine is planted maternal;
Step 4, Honda mechanization management, by the anti-waterlogging seat root and stem of certain plants, thrips, snout moth's larva, mythimna separata, plant hopper, tortrix moth, banded sclerotial blight and rice blast and the smut of controling the inferior of power driven sprayer spraying, spray 920 with power driven sprayer heading stage, during spray, need add water;
Step 5, machine sowing son, before kind of handset is received, cuts off field male parent, and removes male parent Disabled strain, improves seed purity, and after 9 one-tenth, seed is half-mature, sunny weather is got the harvest in quickly seed with grain header;
Step 6, the dehydration of seed mechanical drying, processing, packing and shipment.
Further, in step 1, before tractor-ploughing seedling ground, to seedling foster and apply fertilizer, smooth processing, with 1 meter be seedbed, all the other Wei Qu mud districts, and regulate soil ph with spraying strengthening agent.
Further, in step 2, maternal machine transplanting of rice seedling is seeded into beginning fringe compared with water-raised seedling Planting seedlings plugging and postpones 5 days～7 days, and mechanical production of hybrid seeds Parent is broadcast the poor phase and shortened 7 days～9 days than artificial the planting of water-raised seedling, determines that hybrid rice machinery plants the poor phase of broadcasting of production of hybrid seeds Parent; And male parent early sowing, light seeding water-raised seedling; Female parent carries out mechanical planting.
Further, in step 3, breeding of hybrid rice Tanaka first transplants male parent, then than 1:8, transplants female parent according to the row of Parent, and the female parent that machinery is planted is 3 leaf～3.5 leaf seedlings.
Further, in step 4, adopt machine diseases prevention worm and spray 920.
Further, the concrete steps of step 6 are: in the afternoon to the large-scale seed gathering in of machinery, first carry out airing, reduce seed moisture content, drying mechanization technology dehydration reduces moisture content again, to the seed after drying mechanization technology dehydration is cool, put just pack after cooling, seeds mechanization is selected, the Mechanized Processing of dressing, packing, last machinery shipment.
The method that breeding of hybrid rice entire mechanization provided by the invention is produced is to regulate poor guarantee Parent florescence phase of Parent sowing to meet safely by effective method; Suitable seedling growing process is planted machinery can plant sufficient Basic Seedling, and early plants and be conducive to normal growth and grow, and forms many and big spike, has promoted the foundation of yielding Populations structure; Entire mechanization is produced, and is not subject to the restriction of labour's factor, effectively promotes scale, the intensive production of hybrid seeds is produced, and then creates good social benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the breeding of hybrid rice entire mechanization that provides of the embodiment of the present invention method of producing.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, application principle of the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, the method that the breeding of hybrid rice entire mechanization of the embodiment of the present invention is produced comprises the following steps:
S101: the making of nursery, in field, retain the shallow water of 2 centimetres～3 centimetres, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 1000 kilograms of dung polluted waters, 25 kilograms, phosphate fertilizer, with the whole ground of rotovator, fertile mud, merge, even up full field, fertile mud precipitation is after one day, with 1.6 meters～1.7 meters, open railway carriage or compartment, on mud, every mu is spread 3 kilograms～4 kilograms strong seedling spirits, by sludge mixing, consumption yaw soft seedling culture disc by every mu of production land for growing field crops with 20 floppy disks, the mud perfusion soft seedling culture disc in Zai Jiang mud district, mud is opened into 30 centimetres wide after taking away, 10 centimetres of dark railway carriage or compartment ditches;
S102: mechanical planting, sowing in maternal 7 days～8 days in advance, male parent and maternal sowing adopt convenient type sower, sower yaw is on the railway carriage or compartment of growing seedlings, by the need kind amount of every mu of Production of Large Fields, to broadcast 20 floppy disks and carry out machine sowing, female parent is after planting disputed and is executed strengthening agent or fenaminosulf and return mud capping kind;
S103: machine is planted maternal, first 4 days～5 days dry fields that discharge water of the maternal machine transplanting of rice, after Parent pesticide, transplant, production of hybrid seeds land for growing field crops fertilizing amount and using sufficient after base fertilizer, with rotovator or the whole ground of cultivator, field retains 3 centimetres of shallow water stay cords and opens railway carriage or compartment, breeding time, long combination was opened railway carriage or compartment with 2.4 meters～2.5 meters, plant 9 cun of two strain male parents, Parent spacing, male parent is moved back 7 cun～8 cun, nest, and four lines machine operation machine is planted maternal;
S104: Honda mechanization management, by the anti-waterlogging seat root and stem of certain plants, thrips, snout moth's larva, mythimna separata, plant hopper, tortrix moth, banded sclerotial blight and rice blast and the smut of controling the inferior of power driven sprayer spraying, spray 920 with power driven sprayer heading stage, during spray, need add water;
S105: machine sowing son, before kind of handset is received, cut off field male parent, and remove male parent Disabled strain, improve seed purity, after 9 one-tenth, seed is half-mature, sunny weather is got the harvest in quickly seed with grain header;
S106: the dehydration of seed mechanical drying, processing, packing and shipment.
Concrete steps of the present invention are:
Step 1, the making of nursery, in field, retain the shallow water of 2 centimetres～3 centimetres, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 1000 kilograms of dung polluted waters, 25 kilograms, phosphate fertilizer, with the whole ground of rotovator, fertile mud is merged, even up full field, precipitate after one day, with 1.6 meters～1.7 meters, open railway carriage or compartment, retain 1 meter, railway carriage or compartment face, 0.6 meter～0.7 meter Wei Qu mud district, in mud district, mu spreads 3 kilograms～4 kilograms " strong seedling spirits ", regulate soil acidity or alkalinity, with being about to sludge mixing, consumption yaw soft seedling culture disc by every mu of production land for growing field crops with 20 floppy disks, the mud perfusion soft seedling culture disc in Zai Jiang mud district, require each acupuncture point all to fill up mud, mud is opened into 30 centimetres wide after taking away, 10 centimetres of dark railway carriage or compartment ditches, keep railway carriage or compartment face anhydrous, railway carriage or compartment ditch has water, accomplish to use sufficient base fertilizer, railway carriage or compartment face is smooth, seedling ditch communicates,
Step 2, mechanical planting; Vernalization robs that fine light seeding is even to be broadcast, the maternal conventional seed planting phase according to this combination, sowing in 7 days～8 days ahead of time, regulate the poor phase of sowing to guarantee that Parent meets flowering stage, by convenient type sower yaw on the railway carriage or compartment of growing seedlings, by the need kind amount of every mu of Production of Large Fields, only broadcast the specification of 20 floppy disks and carry out machine sowing, female parent after planting sprays strengthening agent (or fenaminosulf) and returns mud capping kind, and the field management between nursery stage is with other water-raised seedling technology;
Step 3, machine is planted maternal, first 4 days～5 days dry fields that discharge water of the maternal machine transplanting of rice, be convenient to get seedling, after the equal pesticide of Parent, transplant, accomplish to be with medicine to go to the field, production of hybrid seeds land for growing field crops routinely fertilizing amount and mode uses sufficient after base fertilizer, with rotovator or the whole ground of cultivator, field retains 3 centimetres of shallow water stay cords and opens railway carriage or compartment, breeding time, long combination was opened railway carriage or compartment with 2.4 meters～2.5 meters, plant two strain male parents, 9 cun of Parent spacing, male parent is moved back 7 cun～8 cun, nest, row compares 1:8, (four lines machine operation) machine is planted maternal, set up the effective fringe 5-6 ten thousand of male parent, maternal 160,000～170,000, 70～80 of the plain grains of maternal fringe, 23 grams of thousand kernel weight, the yielding Populations structure that per mu yield is 250 kilograms～300 kilograms,
Step 4, Honda mechanization management; By the anti-waterlogging seat root and stem of certain plants, thrips, snout moth's larva, mythimna separata, plant hopper, tortrix moth, banded sclerotial blight and rice blast and the smut of controling the inferior of power driven sprayer spraying; Spray 920 with power driven sprayer heading stage, during spray, need add water, thereby increase pollination probability, improves per unit area yield;
Step 5, machine sowing; Before kind of handset is received, cut off field male parent, and remove male parent Disabled strain, improve seed purity, after 9 one-tenth, seed is half-mature, sunny weather is got the harvest in quickly seed with grain header;
Step 6, the dehydration of seed mechanical drying, processing, packing and shipment, after seed harvesting threshing, gather in the timely airing of seed the morning, forbid wet grain mass film playback to ring percentage of seedgermination, the timely airing of seed that afternoon machine is received, reduce seed moisture content, and prepare oven dry and reduce moisture content, the front seed of baking is spread (20 centimetres of thickness are following) out and is dried in the air and put, and half an hour stir once, according to number and the mechanical property of seed moisture content, control baking temperature and enter kind of speed and carry out mechanical drying, after baked seed, airing fills package pile half an hour, then enter machinery selected, dressing, metering, the Product Line of Seed Process such as inner wrapping, machinery shipment,
Operation principle of the present invention is:
The operation principle of the method for breeding of hybrid rice mechanization production of the present invention is exactly that Agricultural Machinery Technology and outcrossing biotechnology and agronomy are organically combined to formation science, practical complete set technology.
2013 are close on thousand mu of demonstration areas, and expert group on the spot excavation surveys product.Under equal conditions, the method that breeding of hybrid rice entire mechanization is produced, than conventional volume increase 6%～10%, is saved 500 yuan/mu～600 yuan/mu of human costs, increases the benefit 25%～30% for every mu.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the method that a breeding of hybrid rice entire mechanization is produced, it is characterized in that, the method that this breeding of hybrid rice entire mechanization is produced is the combination of Agricultural Machinery Technology and outcrossing biotechnology and the agronomy utilization in breeding of hybrid rice production, and step is as follows:
Step 1, the making of nursery, in field, retain the shallow water of 2 centimetres～3 centimetres, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 1000 kilograms of dung polluted waters, 25 kilograms, phosphate fertilizer, with the whole ground of rotovator, fertile mud, merge, even up full field, fertile mud precipitation is after one day, with 1.6 meters～1.7 meters, open railway carriage or compartment, on mud, every mu is spread 3 kilograms～4 kilograms strong seedling spirits, by sludge mixing, the mud perfusion soft seedling culture disc by every mu of production land for growing field crops with the consumption yaw soft seedling culture disc ，Zai Jiang mud district of 20 floppy disks, mud is opened into 30 centimetres wide after taking away, 10 centimetres of dark railway carriage or compartment ditches;
Step 2, mechanical planting, sowing in maternal 7 days～8 days in advance, male parent and maternal sowing adopt convenient type sower, and sower yaw is on the railway carriage or compartment of growing seedlings, by the need kind amount of every mu of Production of Large Fields, broadcast 20 floppy disks and carry out machine sowing, female parent after planting sprays strengthening agent or fenaminosulf and returns mud capping kind;
Step 3, machine is planted maternal, first 4 days～5 days dry fields that discharge water of the maternal machine transplanting of rice, transplant after Parent pesticide, production of hybrid seeds land for growing field crops fertilizing amount and using sufficient after base fertilizer, with rotovator or the whole ground of cultivator, field retains 3 centimetres of shallow water stay cords and opens railway carriage or compartment, and breeding time, long combination was opened railway carriage or compartment with 2.4 meters～2.5 meters, plants 9 cun of two strain male parents, Parent spacing, male parent is moved back 7 cun～8 cun, nest, and four lines machine operation machine is planted maternal;
Step 4, Honda mechanization management, by the anti-waterlogging seat root and stem of certain plants, thrips, snout moth's larva, mythimna separata, plant hopper, tortrix moth, banded sclerotial blight and rice blast and the smut of controling the inferior of power driven sprayer spraying, spray 920 with power driven sprayer heading stage, during spray, need add water;
Step 5, machine sowing son, before kind of handset is received, cuts off field male parent, and removes male parent Disabled strain, improves seed purity, and after 9 one-tenth, seed is half-mature, sunny weather is got the harvest in quickly seed with grain header;
Step 6, the dehydration of seed mechanical drying, processing, packing and shipment.
2. the method that breeding of hybrid rice entire mechanization as claimed in claim 1 is produced, is characterized in that: in step 1, before tractor-ploughing seedling ground, to seedling foster and apply fertilizer, smooth processing, with 1 meter be seedbed, all the other Wei Qu mud districts, and regulate soil ph with spraying strengthening agent.
3. the method that breeding of hybrid rice entire mechanization as claimed in claim 1 is produced, it is characterized in that: in step 2, maternal machine transplanting of rice seedling is seeded into beginning fringe compared with water-raised seedling Planting seedlings plugging and postpones 5 days～7 days, machinery production of hybrid seeds Parent is broadcast the poor phase and is shortened 7 days～9 days than artificial the planting of water-raised seedling, determines that hybrid rice machinery plants the poor phase of broadcasting of production of hybrid seeds Parent; And male parent early sowing, light seeding water-raised seedling; Female parent carries out mechanical planting.
4. the method that breeding of hybrid rice entire mechanization as claimed in claim 1 is produced, it is characterized in that: in step 3, breeding of hybrid rice Tanaka first transplants male parent, then than 1:8, transplants female parent according to the row of Parent, and the female parent that machinery is planted is 3 leaf～3.5 leaf seedlings.
5. the method that breeding of hybrid rice entire mechanization as claimed in claim 1 is produced, is characterized in that: in step 4, adopt machine diseases prevention worm and spray 920.
6. the method that breeding of hybrid rice entire mechanization as claimed in claim 1 is produced, it is characterized in that: the concrete steps of step 6 are: in the afternoon to the large-scale seed gathering in of machinery, first carry out airing, reduce seed moisture content, drying mechanization technology dehydration reduces moisture content again, to the seed after drying mechanization technology dehydration is cool, put just pack after cooling, seeds mechanization is selected, the Mechanized Processing of dressing, packing, last machinery shipment.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN103875491A (en) * | 2014-04-09 | 2014-06-25 | 象州县科学技术局 | Organic fragrant rice planting method |
| CN105145218A (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2015-12-16 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Method for raising seedlings by mud on rice mechanical transplanting soft discs |
| CN107509631A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2017-12-26 | 重庆市农业科学院 | A kind of mechanization producing method for seed of New Hybrid Rice Combination |
| CN107637514A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-01-30 | 云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | A kind of hybrid wheat mechanization breeding high efficiency seed type of seeding |
| CN108029479A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-05-15 | 黑龙江省农垦科学院 | A kind of paddy rice in cold region entire mechanization cultural method |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103875491A (en) * | 2014-04-09 | 2014-06-25 | 象州县科学技术局 | Organic fragrant rice planting method |
| CN103875491B (en) * | 2014-04-09 | 2015-08-05 | 象州县科学技术局 | A kind of organic scented rice implantation methods |
| CN105145218A (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2015-12-16 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Method for raising seedlings by mud on rice mechanical transplanting soft discs |
| CN107509631A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2017-12-26 | 重庆市农业科学院 | A kind of mechanization producing method for seed of New Hybrid Rice Combination |
| CN107637514A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-01-30 | 云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | A kind of hybrid wheat mechanization breeding high efficiency seed type of seeding |
| CN107637514B (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2020-03-17 | 云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | Mechanized high-efficiency seed production and sowing method for hybrid wheat |
| CN108029479A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-05-15 | 黑龙江省农垦科学院 | A kind of paddy rice in cold region entire mechanization cultural method |
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| CN103548630B (en) | 2016-05-11 |
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