CN102273401A - Safe and efficient hybrid rice seed production method - Google Patents
Safe and efficient hybrid rice seed production method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102273401A CN102273401A CN201110174083A CN201110174083A CN102273401A CN 102273401 A CN102273401 A CN 102273401A CN 201110174083 A CN201110174083 A CN 201110174083A CN 201110174083 A CN201110174083 A CN 201110174083A CN 102273401 A CN102273401 A CN 102273401A
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Abstract
The invention provides a safe and efficient hybrid rice seed production method. A hybrid rice seed production female parent is directly sowed by adopting a dry seed machine strip and is moistened in a land to be grown into a seedling; and a male parent adopts a long-seedling age upland-raised rice seedling and is transplanted to the land after the female parent is grown into the seedling. By adopting the method provided by the invention, occupying area of a female parent seedling pond is saved, labour for sowing, seedling raising and transplanting is reduced, the seed production male parent and the seed production female parent can be ensured to be transplanted in good time, effort is less than one tenth that of the traditional seed production method, and cost and risk for hybrid rice seed production are greatly reduced.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention is a kind of hybrid rice seed breeding process safely and efficiently, is exclusively used in breeding of hybrid rice, the high and producing method for seed of the hybrid rice of saving of labor, abridged edition, high yield again of a kind of safety coefficient of more specifically saying so.
Two, background technology
China rice breeding achievement is advanced in the world, has successively successfully implemented the rice dwarf breeding, three is, this twice leap of double-linear hybrid rice breeding.At present the cultivated area of hybrid rice accounts for the over half of China's paddy rice cultivated area, and the grain security of China is played the important and pivotal role.In recent years, China's hybrid rice development is very fast, large quantities of hybrid rice new varieties are applied rapidly on producing, market is very big to the demand of hybrid rice seeds, need carry out extensive hybrid rice seeds production every year, the necessary artificial seed of hybrid rice seeds production, these watery ricenurseries of using of traditional breeding of hybrid rice father and mother more, artificial method of transplanting, general male parent and female parent all need be grown seedlings earlier and afterwards be transplanted, particularly maternal artificial seedling, plant, need a large amount of and concentrated labour, duration busy farming season, the labour is in short supply, add conventional method be " planting female parent after planting male parent earlier " mode confinement the application of saving of labor's abridged edition measure such as the live or machine transplanting of rice seedling of maternal machine.Along with China's economic development, urbanization process is accelerated, and the rural laborer is more and more nervous, labor cost is more and more higher, the tradition producing method for seed faces the predicament of " artificial waste ", " difficulty of transplanting seedlings ", has caused the cost of the production of hybrid seeds more and more higher, and the risk of the transplanting that lags behind is increasing.
The present invention can effectively solve this difficult problem by technological improvement: male parent adopts non-irrigated seedling low-density sowing, the long length of time rice seedlings grow to transplant, live, the moistening upright seedling in land for growing field crops of maternal employing machine bar, to significantly reduce the recruitment of sowing, seedling, rice transplanting, transplanting the amount of labour used only is 1/10th of traditional producing method for seed, can also avoid meeting because of this hysteresis of father and mother transplanting influences seed production florescence, be to solve expensive, the high risk effective way of breeding of hybrid rice.
Three, summary of the invention
Technical problem
The invention provides a kind of hybrid rice seed breeding process safely and efficiently, maternal do that kind of machine bar is live, the moistening upright seedling in land for growing field crops and the seedling of male parent drought, low-density sowing, these two technology of long length of time rice seedlings grow seedling organically combine, it is artificial and transplant the production of hybrid seeds risk that lags behind to have reduced the production of hybrid seeds to greatest extent.
Technical scheme
A kind of hybrid rice seed breeding process safely and efficiently is characterized in that, maternal breeding adopts does kind of live, the moistening upright seedling in land for growing field crops of machine bar, and production of hybrid seeds male parent adopts non-irrigated seedling, transplants the land for growing field crops behind the upright seedling of female parent.It is characterized in that:
A) rationally determine this sowing time of breeding of hybrid rice father and mother: at the heading poplar bloassom phase of the local production of hybrid seeds and hybrid rice parent's duration from seeding to heading, determine breeding of hybrid rice father and mother sowing time originally in the locality according to hybrid rice.
B) male parent is grown seedlings and adopted non-irrigated seedling: male parent is divided the sowing of two phases, and the first phase, second phase seed amount are respectively 40% and 60% of seed total amount, the first phase, one week of the time interval second phase; The seeding quantity of each issue male parent is according to 20 kilograms of calculating of every mu of non-irrigated seedling pond sowing, and each phase is respectively 40% and 60% according to seed soaking and dry seeds ratio again, mixes the back sowing mutually thoroughly;
C) requirement of breeding of hybrid rice Honda: the field soil water content is less than 40%, 10～15 centimetres of the rotary tillage degree of depth, 12～15 centimetres of the ploughing degree of depth; The smooth no stubble of field piece, difference of height is no more than 3 centimetres; D) it is live that kind of machine bar is done in maternal employing, the moistening upright seedling in land for growing field crops:
Maternal seeding method: the maternal mode of Honda mechanical dry kind drilling that adopts is sowed;
Maternal seeding quantity: do kind of 2-3 kilogram every/mu;
The machinery bar is live: sowing after the whole field, and 2.2 meters of drilling fabric widths, it is capable that every width of cloth is broadcast 10-11,0.9 meter of width of cloth spacing;
Trench digging: trench digging after the sowing, every width of cloth spacing is 0.9 meter between longitudinal furrow, 0.20 meter of furrow width, dark 0.20 meter; Wide 0.25 meter dark 0.3 meter of traverse furrow, spacing 40-50 rice; Longitudinal furrow must communicate with traverse furrow, and traverse furrow must communicate with inlet channel, drain ditch, accomplishes that the row of filling is unobstructed;
The moistening upright seedling in land for growing field crops: can go up the water flood irrigation behind sowing, the trench digging, spend 12 hours and drain afterwards, the plate face is ponding not, longitudinal furrow stays semlsulcus water, 180 milliliters of-200 milliliters of floods and droughts spirits of every mu of usefulness, the moistening not ponding of holding plate face, 8-12 days maternal upright seedlings after the upright seedling, are transplanted male parent;
E) transplant male parent: male parent drought seedling raising is transplanted to Honda, in 0.1 meter each the slotting delegation male parent in the both sides of field longitudinal furrow, adds 0.2 meter of furrow width, the male parent line space is 0.4 meter; Require two the phase male parent be alternate to plant 15-18 centimetre of male parent strain spacing, the every cave of seedlings 1-2 seedling, the every cave of seedling 2-3 seedling;
F) etc. male parent is transplanted and is finished, and one heart stage of maternal 4 leaves, with strong 50 milliliters/mu of rice, removes weeds; One heart stage of 5 leaves, removed weeds with 60 milliliters/mu of very heavy missible oil.
Wherein the seeding machinery of maternal breeding is small-sized rice seed-sowing machine 2B-6D or large-scale paddy rice nonirrigated farmland seed-sowing machine 2BD(6288).
Beneficial effect
Traditional three be or the father and mother of the double-linear hybrid rice production of hybrid seeds originally all to adopt water-raised seedling be watery ricenursery, adopt then manually with the method for shoot transplanting equipment to seed farm.General male parent and female parent all need be grown seedlings earlier and afterwards be transplanted, particularly maternal artificial seedling, plant, need a large amount of and concentrated labour, duration busy farming season, the labour is in short supply, add conventional method be " planting female parent after planting male parent earlier " mode confinement the application of saving of labor's abridged edition measure such as maternal live or machine transplanting of rice seedling.Along with China's economic development, urbanization process is accelerated, the rural laborer is more and more nervous, labor cost is more and more higher, the traditional approach production of hybrid seeds faces the predicament of " artificial waste ", " difficulty of transplanting seedlings ", and the father and mother Ben Ruo of the production of hybrid seeds can not in time be transplanted to the land for growing field crops, will influence flower synchronization, not only increase the expensive of the production of hybrid seeds, also increased the risk of the production of hybrid seeds.
The present invention compares with the conventional production of hybrid seeds, and the male parent seeding quantity of non-irrigated seedling is less and the length of time rice seedlings grow is longer, and maternal breeding adopts land for growing field crops machine bar direct sowing method, realizes the maternal manpower-free who grows seedlings, transplants fully.The drought seedling has been the common technology of commerial growing rice varieties, but the conventional production of hybrid seeds is seldom adopted, production of hybrid seeds male parent adopts non-irrigated seedling, because the length of time rice seedlings grow of watery ricenursery with generally with in 30 days for well, the length of time rice seedlings grow again length will influence the quality of rice shoot, the sowing of drought seedling low-density, not only can above the average age for marriage seedling, but also can guarantee the quality that rice shoot is higher, the big length of time rice seedlings grow that has can be more than 60 days, and the male parent length of time rice seedlings grow about 60 days almost can be satisfied most hybrid rice combination fathers, female parent is broadcast the time poor and that maternal seed founds the needs of seedling.Before male parent is not planted, production of hybrid seeds land for growing field crops can mechanical dry farming, meticulous whole field, this is to realize that maternal machine bar is live, the key of the moistening upright seedling in land for growing field crops, female parent is live, the upright seedling in land for growing field crops is the key of saving of labor's abridged edition, and the combination of most hybrid rice is broadcast difference and is added maternal upright seedling and all need more than 40 days, what have reaches 60 days, and the male parent length of time rice seedlings grow of this overlength is not that general seedling raising method can be accomplished, we have accomplished this point at low-density non-irrigated seedling.In addition, at this moment transplant male parent, the peak of the busy farming season recruitment of generally having staggered, male parent is in time transplanted also and is out of question, and can not influence flower synchronization because transplanting untimely, and the cost of recruitment is low during than the busy farming season.Even if do not use maternal live, after the long length of time rice seedlings grow technology of male parent has been arranged, can also use maternal machine transplanting of rice seedling, this also can save manually, so the seedling of male parent drought, low-density sowing and maternal machine bar is live, the moistening upright seedling in land for growing field crops is that the supporting technology of the present invention has reduced production of hybrid seeds recruitment to greatest extent and transplanted the production of hybrid seeds risk that lags behind.
Father's maternal breeding uses the live broadcasting method of mechanical drilling to realize exempting from seedling, exempting to transplant of maternal breeding.This adopts non-irrigated seedling low-density sowing, the long length of time rice seedlings grow to transplant, it is long that the length of time rice seedlings grow is lacked, transplanted to the seeding quantity of drought seedling than conventional amount used, make that the technology of savings of labor such as maternal machine bar is live, the moistening upright seedling in land for growing field crops, abridged edition is used, not only transplant the amount of labour used less than 1/10th of traditional producing method for seed, also saved maternal sowing, seedling recruitment, saved maternal seedling pond and taken up an area of, and the peak of the busy farming season recruitment of having staggered, exempted this difficulty of in time transplanting of father and mother, laid the first stone for seed production florescence meets.The present invention is a kind of saving of labor's abridged edition, hybrid rice seed breeding process safely and efficiently in a word, is to solve expensive, the high risk effective way of breeding of hybrid rice.
Four, embodiment
State with us examines two excellent 888 production of hybrid seeds of kind salt below, and a maternal dried kind of machine bar live broadcasting method is example, further specifies.
Production of hybrid seeds male parent adopts non-irrigated seedling, low-density sowing, the long length of time rice seedlings grow to transplant, and maternal breeding adopts does kind of live, the moistening upright seedling in land for growing field crops of machine bar.Specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) rationally determine this sowing time of breeding of hybrid rice father and mother:Take all factors into consideration local climatic characteristic for many years and determine the best heading poplar bloassom phase of breeding of hybrid rice, determine breeding of hybrid rice father and mother suitable sowing time originally according to hybrid rice parent's growth characteristics and duration from seeding to heading again.
The duration from seeding to heading of suitable sowing time of kind=best heading stage-kind of the local production of hybrid seeds.
(2) male parent adopts non-irrigated seedling, low-density sowing, the long length of time rice seedlings grow to transplant
The extensive 888(jiangsu coast of the male parent kind salt area institute of agricultural sciences, Yan Guohong, 0515-88334108) divide the sowing of two phases: one aspire to sowing April 20, two aspire to 28-29 number sowing in April, one, the second stage of seed amount respectively accounts for 40% and 60%, every mu of non-irrigated seedling pond seeding quantity is 20 kilograms, each issue again according to soaking seed to cut and dry seeds (promptly not soaking seed), respectively account for 40% and 60%, do wet-mixing even back sowing, the seedbed management in early stage of drought seedling is conventional together, and the later stage is noted looking the growth of cereal crop seedlings and suitably enriches fertilizer, diligent hardening, early takes off film, early controls worm.
Male parent is transplanted: maternal by the time sowing finishes back about 10 days, seedling is found in full field substantially, can set up 3 centimetres of shoaling layers, can be transplanted to Honda this moment with male parent drought seedling raising, 0.1 meter in the both sides of field longitudinal furrow, each slotting delegation male parent, require two the phase male parent be alternate to plant 0.4 meter of male parent line-spacing, 15-18 centimetre of male parent strain spacing, the every cave of seedlings 1-2 seedling, the every cave of seedling 2-3 seedling.
(3) the maternal mechanical dry kind that adopts is live, the moistening upright seedling in land for growing field crops
Maternal kind is salt 582S, the authorization numbering: Soviet Union examines the rice 200903(jiangsu coast area red 0515-88334108 of the tight state of the institute of agricultural sciences), to do and kind broadcast June 9, seeding quantity 2-3 kilogram is every/mu.
Seed farm requires: the field soil water content is less than 40%, 10～15 centimetres of the rotary tillage degree of depth, and 12～15 centimetres of the ploughing degree of depth are not heavyly leaked; The smooth no stubble of field piece, difference of height is no more than 3 centimetres.
Maternal seeding method: it is live that kind of machine bar is done in maternal employing.
Maternal seeding quantity: do kind of 2-3 kilogram every/mu.
The machine bar is live: sowing after the whole field, and 2.2 meters of drilling fabric widths, it is capable that every width of cloth is broadcast 10-11,0.9 meter of width of cloth spacing, seeding machinery has: small-sized rice seed-sowing machine 2B-6D or large-scale paddy rice nonirrigated farmland seed-sowing machine 2BD(6288);
Trench digging: trench digging after the sowing, longitudinal furrow is opened within every width of cloth spacing of 0.9 meter, opens directly 0.20 meter of furrow width, dark 0.20 meter along center line.Wide 0.25 meter dark 0.3 meter of traverse furrow, spacing 40-50 rice.Longitudinal furrow must communicate with traverse furrow, and traverse furrow must communicate with inlet channel, drain ditch, accomplishes that the row of filling is unobstructed.
The moistening upright seedling in land for growing field crops: can go up the water flood irrigation behind sowing, the trench digging, drain after spending 12 hours, the plate face is ponding not, longitudinal furrow stays semlsulcus water, every mu of 180 milliliters-200 milliliters 36% floods and droughts spirits of usefulness (Nantong City is just reaching farmingization Co., Ltd) are the moistening not ponding of holding plate face, and fine day can be gone up full ditch-water, overcast and rainy semlsulcus water, after 8-12 days, maternal basic upright seedling is after the upright seedling, set up 3 centimetres of shoaling layers, can transplant male parent, transplant finish, one heart stage of maternal 4 leaves etc. male parent, with 50 milliliters/mu in the strong paddy of the rice of the strong paddy farmingization Co., Ltd in Xiuqian City, remove weeds; 5 leaves, one heart stage, 60 milliliters/mu of 100g/L a thousand pieces of gold missible oil are removed weeds.
(4) later stage field management measure is with reference to following document
List of references
1, appoint Guoan, fourth obtains flood dragon, Zhao Fuxiang, etc. maternal breeding of hybrid rice broadcasts sowing should broadcast quantity research [J]. hybrid rice, 1994, (5): 13 15.
2, fourth obtains flood dragon. volume increase advantage that maternal breeding of hybrid rice is live and application technology [J]. and hybrid rice, 2002,17 (6): 21 24.
(5) after application this method, our state examines two excellent 888 production of hybrid seeds of kind salt and obtains remarkable results:
Hybrid seed yield: salt two excellent 888(authorization numberings are respectively: the careful rice 2009020 of careful rice 200902 of Soviet Union and state) doing kind of the live equal output of large tracts of land product of machine bar is 162 kg/ mus, than about the high 10 kg/ mus of the conventional production of hybrid seeds, according to 10 yuan of calculating of per kilogram, every mu can increase by 100 yuan of the output values.
Save cost: every mu of maternal seed consumption reduces by 0.5 kg, with 60 yuan of calculating of per kilogram, can save 30 yuan for every mu.Save 2 of seedling, rice transplanting work days of every mu, by 100 yuan of calculating of each worker, can reduce expenses 200 yuan, 50 yuan/mu of the live expenses of the machine that deducts can be saved 150 yuan for every mu, reduce 20 yuan/mu of seedling pond costs of possession.Add up to maternal kind of the machine bar live broadcasting method of doing and to save 200 yuan of costs for every mu.
Comprehensive benefit: use 300 yuan of every mu of comparable conventional production of hybrid seeds synergy of this method.
Claims (3)
1. a hybrid rice seed breeding process safely and efficiently is characterized in that, maternal breeding adopts does kind of live, the moistening upright seedling in land for growing field crops of machine bar, and production of hybrid seeds male parent adopts non-irrigated seedling, transplants the land for growing field crops behind the upright seedling of female parent.
2. according to the described a kind of hybrid rice seed breeding process safely and efficiently of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
A) rationally determine this sowing time of breeding of hybrid rice father and mother: at the heading poplar bloassom phase of the local production of hybrid seeds and hybrid rice parent's duration from seeding to heading, determine breeding of hybrid rice father and mother sowing time originally in the locality according to hybrid rice;
B) male parent is grown seedlings and adopted non-irrigated seedling: male parent is divided the sowing of two phases, and the first phase, second phase seed amount are respectively 40% and 60% of seed total amount, the first phase, one week of the time interval second phase; The seeding quantity of each issue male parent is according to 20 kilograms of calculating of every mu of non-irrigated seedling pond sowing, and each phase is respectively 40% and 60% according to seed soaking and dry seeds ratio again, mixes the back sowing mutually thoroughly;
C) requirement of breeding of hybrid rice Honda: the field soil water content is less than 40%, 10～15 centimetres of the rotary tillage degree of depth, 12～15 centimetres of the ploughing degree of depth; The smooth no stubble of field piece, difference of height is no more than 3 centimetres; D) it is live that kind of machine bar is done in maternal employing, the moistening upright seedling in land for growing field crops:
Maternal seeding method: the maternal mode of Honda mechanical dry kind drilling that adopts is sowed;
Maternal seeding quantity: do kind of 2-3 kilogram every/mu;
The machinery bar is live: sowing after the whole field, and 2.2 meters of drilling fabric widths, it is capable that every width of cloth is broadcast 10-11,0.9 meter of width of cloth spacing;
Trench digging: trench digging after the sowing, every width of cloth spacing is 0.9 meter between longitudinal furrow, 0.20 meter of furrow width, dark 0.20 meter; Wide 0.25 meter dark 0.3 meter of traverse furrow, spacing 40-50 rice; Longitudinal furrow must communicate with traverse furrow, and traverse furrow must communicate with inlet channel, drain ditch, accomplishes that the row of filling is unobstructed;
The moistening upright seedling in land for growing field crops: can go up the water flood irrigation behind sowing, the trench digging, spend 12 hours and drain afterwards, the plate face is ponding not, longitudinal furrow stays semlsulcus water, 180 milliliters of-200 milliliters of floods and droughts spirits of every mu of usefulness, the moistening not ponding of holding plate face, 8-12 days maternal upright seedlings after the upright seedling, are transplanted male parent;
E) transplant male parent: male parent drought seedling raising is transplanted to Honda, in 0.1 meter each the slotting delegation male parent in the both sides of field longitudinal furrow, adds 0.2 meter of furrow width, the male parent line space is 0.4 meter; Require two the phase male parent be alternate to plant 15-18 centimetre of male parent strain spacing, the every cave of seedlings 1-2 seedling, the every cave of seedling 2-3 seedling;
F) etc. male parent is transplanted and is finished, and one heart stage of maternal 4 leaves, with strong 50 milliliters/mu of rice, removes weeds; One heart stage of 5 leaves, removed weeds with 60 milliliters/mu of very heavy missible oil.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the seeding machinery of maternal breeding is small-sized rice seed-sowing machine 2B-6D or large-scale paddy rice nonirrigated farmland seed-sowing machine 2BD(6288).
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| CN102934606A (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2013-02-20 | 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所 | Hybrid rice mechanical seed production technology |
| CN102948363A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-03-06 | 袁隆平农业高科技股份有限公司 | Seed production method for hybrid rice |
| CN102960236A (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2013-03-13 | 袁隆平农业高科技股份有限公司 | Full-mechanical seed production method of hybrid rice |
| CN103392429A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2013-11-20 | 巢湖春友种业科技有限公司 | Female-parent direct seeding and male-parent mechanical transplanting method for hybrid rice seed production |
| CN103548630A (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2014-02-05 | 杨勋毅 | Fully mechanized seed production method of hybrid rice |
| CN105191717A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2015-12-30 | 苏州市美人半岛齐力生态农产品专业合作社 | Planting method of organic rice |
| CN109042292A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-21 | 武汉大学 | A kind of hybrid rice seed breeding process of same period rice transplanting parent |
| CN109089872A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-28 | 武汉大学 | A kind of hybrid rice seed breeding process of same period live streaming parent |
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| CN102812879A (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2012-12-12 | 贵州红四方农业发展有限公司 | Rice seedling transplanting method for hybrid rice male parents |
| CN102948363B (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-05-14 | 袁隆平农业高科技股份有限公司 | Seed production method for hybrid rice |
| CN102948363A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-03-06 | 袁隆平农业高科技股份有限公司 | Seed production method for hybrid rice |
| CN102960236A (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2013-03-13 | 袁隆平农业高科技股份有限公司 | Full-mechanical seed production method of hybrid rice |
| CN102934606A (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2013-02-20 | 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所 | Hybrid rice mechanical seed production technology |
| CN103392429A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2013-11-20 | 巢湖春友种业科技有限公司 | Female-parent direct seeding and male-parent mechanical transplanting method for hybrid rice seed production |
| CN103392429B (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2015-12-02 | 巢湖春友种业科技有限公司 | A kind of maternal breeding of hybrid rice live male parent machine transplanting of rice method |
| CN103548630A (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2014-02-05 | 杨勋毅 | Fully mechanized seed production method of hybrid rice |
| CN103548630B (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2016-05-11 | 杨勋毅 | A kind of method that breeding of hybrid rice entire mechanization is produced |
| CN105191717A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2015-12-30 | 苏州市美人半岛齐力生态农产品专业合作社 | Planting method of organic rice |
| CN109042292A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-21 | 武汉大学 | A kind of hybrid rice seed breeding process of same period rice transplanting parent |
| CN109089872A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-28 | 武汉大学 | A kind of hybrid rice seed breeding process of same period live streaming parent |
| CN109042292B (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2021-12-28 | 武汉大学 | Hybrid rice seed production method for parents of rice transplanting at same period |
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Application publication date: 20111214 |