CN103547719B - 纱线、纱线的制造方法和包含纱线的产品 - Google Patents

纱线、纱线的制造方法和包含纱线的产品 Download PDF

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CN103547719B
CN103547719B CN201280022424.7A CN201280022424A CN103547719B CN 103547719 B CN103547719 B CN 103547719B CN 201280022424 A CN201280022424 A CN 201280022424A CN 103547719 B CN103547719 B CN 103547719B
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fiber
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皮特·维达斯多克
佳瓦尼·约瑟夫·艾达·汉森
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Dsm Protective Materials Co ltd
Evant Protective Materials Co ltd
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Abstract

提供一种耐切割纱线,包含第一和第二短纤维的混合物,其中,所述第一短纤维是聚合物纤维,每根第一短纤维包括包裹硬组分的聚合物体,所述硬组分为多根硬纤维,所述硬纤维的平均直径为至多25微米;以及所述第二短纤维不同于所述第一短纤维,其中所述第一短纤维与所述第二短纤维的重量比为1:99~99:1。

Description

纱线、纱线的制造方法和包含纱线的产品
发明背景
1.技术领域
本发明一般性涉及包括短纤维的耐切割纱线,制造该纱线的方法,包含该纱线的产品以及该产品的制造方法。
2.背景技术
含有耐切割纱线的耐切割产品如服装是已知的。在呈服装形式时,这种产品通常旨在保护穿戴者免受割伤,并且可以被例如肉类工业、金属工业和木材工业的工作人员所使用。耐切割性可以有效地适用于所有类型的服装,特别是那些用作工作服和/或运动服的服装。可适合耐切割使用的服装例子包括手套、围裙、衬衫、背心、夹克、长裤、袖口、袖套、工作服、运动服例如滑冰服或骑行服等。
耐切割纱线是已知的,其包括含有芳族聚酰胺、超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)或聚苯并噁唑的长丝的纱线。全文内容通过引用并入本文的WO2008/046746公开了一种耐切割纱线,其包含平均直径至多25微米的多根硬纤维形式的硬组分。其中讨论了可以有效地利用该纱线制造耐切割服装。
现有的耐切割服装存在的问题在于穿着不舒适,更严重的是会限制运动自由,例如戴手套时的灵巧性,这是由于在具备所需耐切割水平时这种服装的重量和/或灵活性不能被接受所致。服装具有良好的穿着舒适性是非常重要的,因为穿戴者可能必须在相当长时间穿着服装的同时保持高水平的生产率。如果服装不舒适,则穿戴者易于感到疲劳,甚至可能逃避穿着这样的防护服,从而导致较高的意外风险。
WO2010/089410讨论了一种耐切割复合纱线以及含有该纱线的产品例如服装。该复合纱线的一个实施方案包括弹性长丝包裹在耐切割纱线中以形成在该弹性长丝周围的鞘。
虽然这种纱线和产品提供优异的穿着舒适性和运动自由,但仍然希望提供在具有足够的耐切割性的同时表现出良好的舒适水平的其它纱线和服装。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供一种包含至少第一和第二短纤维的混合物的纱线,其中:
a)所述第一短纤维是聚合物纤维,每根第一短纤维包括包裹硬组分的聚合物体,所述硬组分为多根硬纤维,所述硬纤维的平均直径为至多25微米;和
b)所述第二短纤维不同于所述第一短纤维,
其中,所述第一短纤维与所述第二短纤维的重量比为1:99~99:1,优选1:99~45:55,更优选10:90~35:65,最优选20:80~25:75。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方案,提供一种由至少第一和第二短纤维的混合物纺成的纱线,其中:
a)所述第一短纤维是聚合物纤维,每根第一短纤维包括包裹硬组分的聚合物体,所述硬组分为多根硬纤维,所述硬纤维的平均直径为至多25微米;和
b)所述第二短纤维不同于所述第一短纤维,
其中,在所述混合物中所述第一短纤维与所述第二短纤维的重量比为1:99~45:55,优选10:90~35:65,更优选20:80~25:75。该优选实施方案的结果是包含这种纱线的织物的耐切割性表现出协同效应,超过了包含仅有第二短纤维的纱线(即0:100)的织物的耐切割性。
根据本发明的另一优选实施方案,第一短纤维与第二短纤维的重量比为46:54~99:1,优选47:53~95:5,更优选48:52~85:15,最优选49:51~82:18。该优选实施方案的结果是包含这种纱线的织物的耐切割性得到提高,超过了包含仅有第一短纤维的纱线(即100:0)或包含比例不在所述优选比例范围内的第一和第二短纤维的纱线的织物的耐切割性。
可以切割成适合用作本发明的第一短纤维的短纤维的合适聚合物长丝记载在国际专利申请WO2008/046476中,其内容通过引用全部并入本文。
多种聚合物可用作第一短纤维的聚合物。一般而言,所有用于生产纱线使用的短纤维的合成聚合物均被认为是可用的。
具体的例子包括作为熔体加工成纱线然后缩减尺寸形成短纤维的聚合物,例如尼龙和热塑性聚酯。然而,优选采用作为溶液加工成纱线的聚合物。
最优选地,所用的聚合物是该聚合物引入其中的短纤维表现出高水平的耐切割性的聚合物。这种聚合物的例子包括芳族聚酰胺、超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)和聚苯并噁唑。在这些聚合物中,优选UHMWPE,最优选凝胶纺丝UHMWPE。
UHMWPE的凝胶纺丝记载在EP0205960A、EP0213208A1、US4413110、GB2042414A、EP0200547B1、EP0472114B1、WO01/73173A1以及Advanced Fiber Spinning Technology,Ed.T.Nakajima,Woodhead Publ.Ltd(1994),ISBN1-855-73182-7中,这些参考文献在此引用。凝胶纺丝应理解为包括至少以下步骤:从超高分子量聚乙烯在纺丝溶剂中的溶液纺出至少一根长丝;冷却所得到的长丝以形成凝胶长丝;从凝胶长丝中移除至少部分纺丝溶剂;以及在至少一个拉伸步骤中拉伸该长丝,从而提供凝胶纺长丝。长丝可通过切断或拉断而分割成多种长度的短纤维。
优选地,用于生产第一短纤维的UHMWPE具有至少8dl/g的特性粘度(IV),如根据方法PTC-179(Hercules Inc.Rev.1982年4月29日)测定,即在135摄氏度的十氢化萘中,溶解时间为16小时,加入抗氧化剂DBPC的量为2g/L溶液,并且将不同浓度下的粘度外推至浓度为零。
第一短纤维中包含的硬组分纤维嵌入在每根第一短纤维的聚合物体内。以这种方式,硬组分纤维构成每根更大的第一短纤维的本体的一部分。可以将每根第一短纤维视为包含硬组分纤维的聚合物基体。
所述硬组分的平均直径优选为至多20微米,更优选为至多15微米,最优选为至多10微米。对于包含较小直径短纤维的较小直径纱线而言,优选的是具有较小直径的硬纤维。优选至少部分硬纤维的平均长径比为至少3,更优选为至少6,甚至更优选为至少10。
硬纤维的长径比是该硬纤维的平均长度与平均直径之比。
平均直径在本文理解为纤维的数均直径,由式1计算:
式1
其中n是用于计算平均直径的纤维总数,通常n=100根随机拾取的纤维,di是第i根纤维的直径。
平均长度在本文理解为纤维的重均长度,由式(2)计算:
式2
其中w是归一化重量分数,l是长度,li为重量分数的长度,并且
式3
耐切割组分的直径和长径比可以容易地通过利用扫描电镜(SEM)照片来测定。对于直径而言,可以这样制取耐切割组分的SEM照片,铺展在表面上,并测量100个随机选取位置处的直径,然后计算如此获得的100个值的平均值。为了计算长径比,利用测量硬纤维直径的相同方式测量硬纤维的长度。优选地,SEM照片利用背散射电子制成,从而在硬纤维与它们铺展在其上的表面之间提供更好的对比度。
硬纤维包含硬质材料或由硬质材料组成。在本发明上下文中,术语“硬”是指至少比不含硬纤维的第一短纤维更硬。优选地,硬纤维的硬质材料的莫氏硬度为至少2.5,更优选为至少4,最优选为至少6。合适的硬纤维的例子包括玻璃纤维、矿物纤维或金属纤维。
优选地,硬纤维是纺丝纤维。纺丝纤维的一个优点是其直径的一致性,即使不是完全恒定,通常也至少在一个有限范围内。因此,硬纤维的性能获得良好的一致性,例如在短纤维和纱线中表现出的机械性能。在本发明中使用的特别优选的硬纤维包括旋转纺丝的玻璃或矿物硬纤维。
另一种优选的硬纤维是碳纤维。在本发明中使用的碳纤维的直径最优选为3~10微米,更优选4~6微米。使用碳纤维的优点之一是提高导电性,使得能够静电放电。
第一短纤维可含有0.1~20体积%的硬纤维,优选1~10体积%的硬纤维,甚至更优选含有2~7体积%的硬纤维,最优选含有5~6体积%的硬纤维。
可用于制造第一短纤维的长丝可以通过记载在国际专利申请WO2008/046476中的方法制造。一种方法包括:a)混合聚合物粉末或聚合物颗粒与多根硬纤维,b)在聚合物与多根硬纤维仍混合的同时,使聚合物熔融,或更优选使聚合物溶解,c)利用步骤b)中得到的混合物分别进行熔融或溶液纺纱。为了形成短纤维,提供附加步骤d)将长丝分割(例如,通过拉断或切断)成短纤维。
另一种方法包括以下步骤:a)熔融或溶解聚合物,b)将多根硬纤维与熔融的聚合物或聚合物溶液混合,c)利用步骤b)中获得的混合物纺出纱线。为了形成短纤维,提供附加步骤d)将长丝分割(例如,通过拉断或切断)成短纤维。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,纱线的第一短纤维是超高分子量聚乙烯短纤维,优选为凝胶纺丝超高分子量聚乙烯短纤维,其包含硬组分,所述硬组分是多根硬纤维,所述硬纤维具有至多25微米的平均直径。这种纤维提供优异的耐切割性。
在国际专利申请WO2008/046476中讨论了包含硬组分的UHMWPE长丝的生产方法。这些长丝可以通过将长丝分割例如切断成短纤维来制造短纤维。
一个示例性方法包括UHMWPE的凝胶纺丝方法,该方法包括以下步骤:a)混合UHMWPE粉末与多根硬纤维,b)将UHMWPE溶解在溶剂中,以得到硬纤维在UHMWPE溶液中的浆料,c)根据凝胶纺丝工艺将该浆料纺成纱线。为了形成短纤维,提供附加步骤d)将长丝分割成短纤维。
另一个示例性凝胶纺丝方法包括以下步骤:a)将UHMWPE粉末溶解在溶剂中,b)将多根硬纤维与步骤b)中得到的溶液混合,以得到硬纤维在UHMWPE溶液中的浆料,c)根据凝胶纺丝工艺将该浆料纺成纱线。为了形成短纤维,提供附加步骤d)将长丝分割成短纤维。
第二短纤维优选具有比第一短纤维更低的耐切割性和/或更低的强度,这基于由第一短纤维组成的纱线和由第二短纤维组成的纱线的强度和/或耐切割值的比较。两种纱线的相对耐切割性可通过构建在除了组成纱线的短纤维之外各方面都相同的两种织物,随后根据例如ASTM F1790/05测试该织物的耐切割性来比较。
多种纤维可用作第二短纤维。一般而言,所有用于生产在纱线中使用的短纤维的聚合物纤维均可使用,无论是天然纤维(例如纤维素纤维)还是合成纤维。第二短纤维可以包括如上关于第一短纤维聚合物纤维所述的合成聚合物或由其组成,但更优选的是聚酰胺纤维(尼龙)、聚酯(例如,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)纤维、间位/对位-芳族聚酰胺纤维、聚氨酯纤维、聚乙烯基(例如,卤素取代聚乙烯基、PVC、PTFE;丙烯酸类、聚丙烯腈;聚醇、乙酸乙烯酯)纤维或聚烯烃纤维。除了人造纤维外,第二短纤维还可以是天然纤维,例如,动物纤维如蚕丝或羊毛,或植物纤维如棉、麻、亚麻、大麻、苎麻和黄麻。
第二短纤维可以含有添加剂,例如抗氧化剂、热稳定剂、着色剂如染料或颜料。
在本发明中,优选第二短纤维基本不含UHMWPE。亦即,第二短纤维含有的UHMWPE少于3wt%,更优选少于1wt%,最优选少于0.1wt%,基于第二聚合物短纤维的总重量计。更优选地,第二聚合物短纤维包含有限量的聚乙烯并且可以基本不含聚乙烯。亦即,第二短纤维含有的聚乙烯少于40wt%,更优选少于30wt%,更优选少于5wt%,最优选少于3wt%,基于第二聚合物短纤维的总重量计。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,第二聚合物短纤维基本不含硬组分,即硬度高于不含该组分的第二聚合物短纤维的组分。优选地,第二聚合物短纤维所含的硬组分少于3wt%,更优选少于1wt%,最优选少于0.1wt%,基于第二聚合物短纤维的总重量计。
纱线可以由第一和第二短纤维组成或者可以包含附加组分,例如不同于第一和第二短纤维的一种或多种附加短纤维。
术语“短纤维”在纱线领域中是众所周知的,通常被理解为是指由长丝材料分割(例如,通过切断或破碎)形成的纤维段。短纤维具有允许其与其它纤维混合形成混合纱线的长度。短纤维通常具有对应于棉或羊毛短纤维的长度。优选地,本发明的短纤维的长度为至多约1000mm,更优选至少约30mm,更优选约30mm~250mm,更优选约30mm~约130mm,更优选约35mm~约100mm的长度,最优选约35mm~约70mm。
通过对短纤维混合物应用标准短纤维或长纤维纺纱技术(如适用的话),可以将第一短纤维和第二短纤维组合形成根据本发明的混合纱线。
本发明的纱线优选具有100~10000分特的纤度。
优选地,本发明的纱线的尺寸为使得该纱线能够使用至少7针、优选至少10针、优选至少13针、更优选至少15针的编织机进行加工。
本发明还涉及含有本发明的混合纱线的织物。这些织物可以通过针织、机织或其他方法,使用将纱线形成织物或将纱线引入织物的常规设备来制造。含有根据本发明的纱线的织物可以有利地提供耐切割性能。优选地,该织物具有至少200g、更优选至少400g和最优选至少500g的耐切割度,采用ASTM F1790/05进行测量。
优选的织物(尤其是用于手套的织物)的面密度为至多700g/m2,更优选至多600g/m2,最优选至多400g/m2
根据本发明的纱线和织物可应用于所有类型的产品,例如,旨在保护肉类工业、金属工业和木材工业的工作人员不被割伤的服装。这种服装的例子包括手套、围裙、长裤、袖口、袖套等。其它可能的应用包括卡车的侧帘(side curtains)和防水布、软面行李箱、商业室内装潢、航空货物集装箱帘、消防水带套等。
这样的产品可以通过已知方法制造,例如将纱线通过圆编或经编、机织或编织成为例如服装,或者将织物片缝合到一起。
实施例
以下是多个实施例手套和对比例手套的描述,用于非限制性地举例说明本发明。
实施例手套是在日本SHIMA SEIKI Mfg.,Ltd.的10针或13针手套编织机上纬编制成。
实施例手套1~8均由Nm28/2支数的单端混纺纱和78分特支数的单端连续长丝聚酰胺纱线编织而成。用于每个实施例中的混纺纱是由3G10长丝(得自荷兰DSM的连续长丝纱线)经滚刃切割成的48mm短纤维作为第一短纤维与作为第二短纤维的48mm标准尼龙短纤维的混合物纺成的短纤维纺纱。第一与第二短纤维的重量比在手套实施例1~8中均不同,如下表1所示。
对比例手套C-1和C-2是在如针对以上实施例手套所述的13针机器上编织而成,其中对于对比例手套C-1而言,只是将单端混纺纱替换成48mm3G10短纤维纺成的纺纱,对于对比例手套C-2而言,只是将单端混纺纱替换成48mm标准尼龙短纤维纺成的纺纱。
根据ASTM F1790-05,利用切割测试机CPPT测量各个实施例手套和对比例手套的耐切割度。测量结果记录在表1中。从报告值可见,实施例手套表现出良好的耐切割性。还观察到,该手套表现出良好的穿戴舒适性水平。
图1示出实施例手套和对比例手套的耐切割性结果的曲线图。x轴表示在混纺纱中48mm3G10短纤维的wt%含量,y轴表示根据上述测量的手套耐切割度。虚线表示混纺纱制成的手套的预期耐切割度,基于分别含有3G10和尼龙纺纱的对比例手套的耐切割度。在短纤维3G10为1~45wt%的范围内,曲线图表明在根据本发明的纱线中采用少量第一短纤维具有优于不含所述第一短纤维的手套的有利效果。
此外,图1还表明在根据本发明的纱线中进一步增加第一短纤维量即超过46:54的比例,由于第一和第二短纤维的协同效应而具有有利效果。根据本发明在该范围内,包括第二短纤维量的混纺纱被证明优于只包含第一短纤维的纺纱。
表1:
可以在不脱离本发明的实质和范围的情况下,对本文描述的结构和技术进行除上述以外的进一步修改。因此,虽然已经描述了特定的实施方案,但这些实施方案只是示例性的,并不构成对本发明范围的限制。

Claims (16)

1.一种包含耐切割纱线的织物,所述纱线包含第一短纤维和第二短纤维的混合物,其中:
a)所述第一短纤维是聚合物纤维,每根第一短纤维包括包裹硬组分的聚合物体,所述硬组分为多根硬纤维,所述硬纤维的平均直径为至多25微米,所述硬组分至少比不含硬纤维的第一短纤维更硬;和
b)所述第二短纤维不同于所述第一短纤维,
其中,所述第一短纤维与所述第二短纤维的重量比为46:54~99:1。
2.如权利要求1所述的织物,其中所述第一短纤维与所述第二短纤维的重量比为47:53~95:5。
3.如权利要求1所述的织物,其中所述第一短纤维与所述第二短纤维的重量比为48:52~85:15。
4.如权利要求1所述的织物,其中所述第一短纤维与所述第二短纤维的重量比为49:51~82:18。
5.如前述权利要求1所述的织物,其中所述第一短纤维是超高分子量聚乙烯短纤维;或聚酰胺短纤维;或聚酯短纤维。
6.如权利要求1所述的织物,其中所述第二短纤维是聚酰胺、聚酯、丙烯酸类纤维、聚氨酯、聚乙烯基纤维、聚烯烃、蚕丝、羊毛或纤维素的短纤维。
7.如权利要求1所述的织物,其中所述第一短纤维是超高分子量聚乙烯短纤维,所述第二短纤维包含基于所述第二短聚合物纤维的总重小于3wt%的超高分子量聚乙烯。
8.如权利要求1所述的织物,其中所述纱线具有100~10000分特的纤度。
9.如权利要求1所述的织物,其中所述纱线在7针或更高针数的编织机上是能够加工的。
10.如权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的织物,其具有超过500g的耐切割度和至多400g/m2的面密度。
11.一种制备如权利要求1-10中任意一项所述的织物的方法,包括针织、编织或机织所述纱线的步骤。
12.一种通过如权利要求11所述的方法制造的织物。
13.如权利要求12所述的织物,其具有超过500g的耐切割度和至多400g/m2的面密度。
14.一种包含如权利要求1-10中任意一项、或权利要求12、或权利要求13所述的织物的耐切割产品。
15.如权利要求14所述的耐切割产品,其中所述产品是服装。
16.一种制造服装的方法,包括以下步骤:
将权利要求1-10中任意一项、或权利要求12、或权利要求13所述的织物缝合成所述服装。
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CN103547719A (zh) 2014-01-29
EA201301200A1 (ru) 2014-02-28
US9121115B2 (en) 2015-09-01
US20140075646A1 (en) 2014-03-20
CN107523910A (zh) 2017-12-29
EA029418B1 (ru) 2018-03-30
KR101998893B1 (ko) 2019-07-10
JP6044004B2 (ja) 2016-12-14
ES2688080T3 (es) 2018-10-30
JP2014517882A (ja) 2014-07-24
EP2707527A1 (en) 2014-03-19
WO2012152871A1 (en) 2012-11-15
CA2834707A1 (en) 2012-11-15
KR20140025447A (ko) 2014-03-04
PL2707527T3 (pl) 2019-01-31

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