CN103519214B - 一种低盐风味家禽肉及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低盐风味家禽肉及其制备方法,属于食品加工领域;主要包括如下步骤:选材、腌制、晾干、入坛、包装、杀菌、质检,其中,腌制液由食盐、黄腐酸钠、复合磷酸盐、异抗坏血酸钠、陈醋和水按比例混合而成;入坛辅料由普洱茶叶、香叶、桂皮、八角、姜末、辣椒粉、植物油和新鲜腌制液按比例混合炒制而成;本发明中使用的黄腐酸钠和普洱茶有抗氧化作用,改变了传统高盐含量腌制肉类的保质方法,制作出了一种特色风味的家禽类肉食品,其肉质鲜美、味香浓郁、口感极佳,工艺简单、推广面大、适合于规模化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种低盐风味家禽肉及其制备方法,属于食品加工领域。
背景技术
腌肉因其独特的风味而受到广大食客的欢迎,但其存在健康隐患而被人们所顾虑,由于在传统方法制作腌肉的过程中,往往采用较多的食盐进行腌渍,使其具备高渗环境,以抑制或杀灭肉品中的某些微生物,同时也可减少肉制品中的含氧量并抑制肉中酶的活性,从而达到延长肉品保藏时间的目的,由于通常肉制品盐含量高达8-12%,使得肉品过多脱水而导致大量水溶性维生素的丢失和一定程度的无机盐丧失,且长时进食盐分过高的食物可加重或导致血压升高或不稳定,此外,在不采取有效预防措施的前提下,腌制过程中会产生大量有致癌危险的亚硝酸盐,不利于人体健康,另外,腌肉时间过长,将导致肉质被氧化而引起酸值和过氧化氢值升高,进而引发口感的不适,若加入有效的抗氧化剂,则不仅会抑制亚硝酸盐的形成还能急剧降低肉质氧化速率,通过控制其酸值和过氧化氢值在较低范围而保障口感。
黄腐酸钠是由天然产物黄腐酸精制而得的钠盐,经药理实验证明,对人体无任何毒副作用,黄腐酸钠与黄腐酸一样也具有降低自由基氧化作用的能力,是一种非常强大的抗氧化剂,因此能够延缓或抑制肉品的腐败,可以作为一种天然防腐剂,此外,黄腐酸钠可增加肌体免疫力,调整肠胃功能,改善微血管循环,增加心肌营养性血流量,还可治疗胃病、气管炎、高血压、肿瘤等多种疾病。
普洱茶叶,其所含茶多酚具有强的抗氧化作用,能有效抑制亚硝酸盐的形成,同时,普洱茶还具有降脂、减肥、降压、抗动脉硬化、防癌抗癌、健齿护齿、护胃养胃、消炎杀菌、抗衰美容等诸多功效。
目前市面上销售的家禽类腌制品主要以干货为主,因其水含量过低严重影响了肉质口感,为了防止过早变质通常口味偏咸,食盐过多加重了人体内脏负担,尤其不适用于老年人和高血压患者,而传统腌制方法中整个过程基本处于敞开体系,脂肪组织在空气、阳光等因素的作用下,发生水解和不饱和脂肪酸的自身氧化,甚至发生酸败,致使营养价值降低,因此需要一种全新的思路与工艺,使得产品美味与健康并举,拓展消费市场。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种低盐风味家禽肉,该低盐风味家禽肉,由家禽肉经腌制液腌制以后加辅料制备得到,其中腌制过程中的腌制液配方为:每1L水中加85-110g食盐、45-55g黄腐酸钠、3-4g复合磷酸盐、0.4-0.5g异抗坏血酸钠,最后再用醋调节pH值6.5-7.2制得,辅料由以下原料按质量百分比制备得到:普洱茶叶5-10%、香叶5-10%、桂皮5-10%、八角5-10%、姜末15-20%、辣椒粉20-25%、植物油8-10%、新鲜腌制液10-20%,辅料中所有原料的质量百分比均以辅料的总质量为基准,且所有原料质量百分比之和为100%。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种低盐风味家禽肉的制备方法,具体加工步骤如下
(1)取去头去脖去爪的后新鲜家禽肉,揉搓3-5分钟,然后用清水进行清洗,在肉较厚的地方打数个细孔,方便腌制和辅料进入内部,待表面沥干,备用;
(2)先将香叶、桂皮、八角、普洱茶叶分别粉碎,将植物油加热后先放入香叶碎片、桂皮碎片、八角碎片稍炒出香味即可,再放入辣椒粉和姜末进行炒拌1-2分钟,然后加入新鲜腌制液体,最后将普洱茶叶碎片混合后得到辅料,备用;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的家禽肉块放在腌制容器内,加入腌制液直至腌制液没过最上层肉块,然后置于2-4℃条件下密封腌制6-10小时,期间每隔2小时翻搅一次;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的家禽肉块取出晾干表面汁液;
(5)按质量比为7:1-10:1的比例将步骤(4)得到的家禽肉与步骤(2)得到的辅料混合均匀后一起放入坛子内,在10-15℃条件下密封保存10-15天;
(6)将步骤(5)得到的家禽肉块连同辅料和汁液按规格称重真空包装,高压杀菌,质检后得到低盐风味家禽肉。
本发明方法中所述的黄腐酸钠为药用级黄腐酸钠或者参照专利申请CN200810233669.X“褐煤氧化降解生产腐植酸及其盐的方法”中方法制得的黄腐酸钠(用无污染的过氧化氢作为氧化剂,并经过纯化,制得黄腐酸钠),市购的精制黄腐酸钠经重金属检测不超标后,也可以使用。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明加入黄腐酸钠和普洱茶素两种抗氧化成分,达到高盐含量防腐保质的效果,且保质时间更长,因此有效地解决了高盐含量腌制肉类保质方法的缺陷;
(2)本发明采用低、常温加工条件,杜绝了使用烘烤或熏制等可能产生苯并芘等致癌物质的工艺;
(3)本发明中黄腐酸钠和普洱茶素充分地浸入肉质里面,既能有效地抗击氧化,又能增加了肉质药用成分,达到药食两用之功效,此外香料、辣素和姜素也充分渗入肉质,芳香扑鼻、美味可口;
(4)本发明采用密封坛子天然处理制作,基本处于少氧或缺氧环境下,其肉质鲜美、口感纯正、味香醇厚、营养丰富、绿色健康,丰富了市场上腌制肉类食品种类;
(5)本发明工艺简单、适合规模化生产。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明,但本发明保护范围并不限于所述内容。
实施例1
本实施例所述提供一种低盐风味鸭肉,该低盐风味鸭肉由鸭肉经腌制液腌制以后加辅料制备得到,腌制过程中的腌制液配方为:每1L水中加110g食盐、55g黄腐酸钠、4g复合磷酸盐、0.4g异抗坏血酸钠,最后再用陈醋调节pH值6.5制备得到,辅料由以下原料按质量百分比制备得到:普洱茶叶5%、香叶10%、桂皮10%、八角5%、植物油10%、姜末15%、辣椒粉25%、新鲜腌制液20%。
本实施例所述低盐风味鸭肉的制备方法如下:
(1)取新鲜的去头去脖去爪后的鸭肉,揉搓3分钟,然后用清水洗净,待表面沥干,在肉比较厚的地方打数个细孔,称取7kg备用;
(2)先将50g普洱茶叶、100g香叶、100g桂皮、50g八角分别粉碎,再将100g植物油加热后先放入香叶碎片、桂皮碎片、八角碎片炒出香味,再放入250g辣椒粉和150g姜末进行炒拌1分钟,之后加入200g新鲜腌制液体,最后将普洱茶叶碎片混合制作入坛辅料;
(3)取10L水,然后加入1100g食盐、550g黄腐酸钠、40g复合磷酸盐、4g异抗坏血酸钠,自然搅拌混溶,最后用陈醋调节pH值6.5制作成腌制液,将步骤(1)的鸭肉块放在腌制容器内,并从上往下淋入腌制液直至没过最上层肉块,然后置于2℃条件下密封腌制10小时,期间每隔2小时翻搅一次;
(4)将步骤(2)的鸭肉块取出晾干表面汁液;
(5)按质量比为7:1的比例将步骤(4)得到的鸭肉与步骤(2)得到的辅料混合均匀后一起放入坛子内,在10℃条件下密封保存15天;
(6)将步骤(5)的鸭肉块连同辅料和汁液按规格称重真空包装,高压杀菌,质检后即得成品,该低盐风味鸭肉的理化卫生指标检测结果如表1所示。
表1. 低盐风味鸭肉的理化卫生指标检测结果
实施例2
本实施例所述提供一种低盐风味鸡肉,该低盐风味鸡肉由鸡肉经腌制液腌制以后加辅料制备得到,腌制过程中的腌制液配方为:每1L水中加85g食盐、45g黄腐酸钠、3g复合磷酸盐、0.5g异抗坏血酸钠,最后再用陈醋调节pH值7.2制备得到,辅料由以下原料按质量百分比制备得到:普洱茶叶10%、香叶5%、桂皮8%、八角10%、姜末20%、辣椒粉20%、植物油8%、新鲜腌制液19%。
本实施例所述低盐风味鸡肉的制备方法如下:
(1)取新鲜的去头去脖去爪后的鸡肉,揉搓5分钟,然后用清水洗净,待表面沥干,在肉比较厚的地方打数个细孔,称取8kg备用;
(2)先将100g普洱茶叶、50g香叶、80g桂皮、100g八角分别粉碎,再将80g植物油加热后先放入香叶碎片、桂皮碎片、八角碎片炒出香味,再放入200g辣椒粉和200g姜末进行炒拌1分钟,之后加入190g新鲜腌制液体,最后将普洱茶叶碎片混合制作入坛辅料;
(3)取10L水,然后加入850g食盐、450g黄腐酸钠、30g复合磷酸盐、5g异抗坏血酸钠,自然搅拌混溶,最后用陈醋调节pH值7.2制作成腌制液,将步骤(1)的鸡肉块放在腌制容器内,并从上往下淋入腌制液直至没过最上层肉块,然后置于4℃条件下密封腌制6小时,期间每隔2小时翻搅一次;
(4)将步骤(2)的鸡肉块取出晾干表面汁液;
(5)按质量比为8:1的比例将步骤(4)得到的鸡肉与步骤(2)得到的辅料混合均匀后一起放入坛子内,在15℃条件下密封保存10天;
(6)将步骤(5)的鸡肉块连同辅料和汁液按规格称重真空包装,高压杀菌,质检后即得成品,该低盐风味鸡肉的理化卫生指标检测结果如表2所示。
表2. 低盐风味鸡肉的理化卫生指标检测结果
实施例3
本实施例所述提供一种低盐风味鹅肉,该低盐风味鹅肉由鹅肉经腌制液腌制以后加辅料制备得到,腌制过程中的腌制液配方为:每1L水中加95g食盐、49g黄腐酸钠、3.4g复合磷酸盐、0.43g异抗坏血酸钠,最后再用陈醋调节pH值6.8制备得到,辅料由以下原料按质量百分比制备得到:普洱茶叶8%、香叶9%、桂皮8%、八角9%、姜末18%、辣椒粉24%、植物油9%、新鲜腌制液15%。
本实施例所述低盐风味鹅肉的制备方法如下:
(1)取新鲜的去头去脖去爪后的鹅肉,揉搓4分钟,然后用清水洗净,待表面沥干,在肉比较厚的地方打数个细孔,称取9kg备用;
(2)先将80g普洱茶叶、90g香叶、80g桂皮、90g八角分别粉碎,再将90g植物油加热后先放入香叶碎片、桂皮碎片、八角碎片炒出香味,再放入240g辣椒粉和180g姜末进行炒拌1分钟,之后加入150g新鲜腌制液体,最后将普洱茶叶碎片混合制作入坛辅料;
(3)取10L水,然后加入950g食盐、490g黄腐酸钠、34g复合磷酸盐、4.3g异抗坏血酸钠,自然搅拌混溶,最后用陈醋调节pH值6.8制作成腌制液,将步骤(1)的鹅肉块放在腌制容器内,并从上往下淋入腌制液直至没过最上层肉块,然后置于3℃条件下密封腌制8小时,期间每隔2小时翻搅一次;
(4)将步骤(2)的鹅肉块取出晾干表面汁液;
(5)按质量比为9:1的比例将步骤(4)得到的鹅肉与步骤(2)得到的辅料混合均匀后一起放入坛子内,然后在13℃条件下密封保存14天;
(6)将步骤(5)的鹅肉块连同辅料和汁液按规格称重真空包装,高压杀菌,质检后即得成品,该低盐风味鹅肉的理化卫生指标检测结果如表1所示。
表3. 低盐风味鹅肉的理化卫生指标检测结果
实施例4
本实施例所述提供一种低盐风味鸽肉,该低盐风味鸽肉由鸽肉经腌制液腌制以后加辅料制备得到,腌制过程中的腌制液配方为:每1L水中加90g食盐、53g黄腐酸钠、3.8g复合磷酸盐、0.48g异抗坏血酸钠,最后再用陈醋调节pH值7制备得到,辅料由以下原料按质量百分比制备得到:普洱茶叶9%、香叶10%、桂皮9%、八角10%、姜末19%、辣椒粉23%、植物油10%、新鲜腌制液10%。
本实施例所述低盐风味鸽肉的制备方法如下:
(1)取新鲜的去头去脖去爪后的鸽肉,揉搓5分钟,然后用清水洗净,待表面沥干,在肉比较厚的地方打数个细孔,称取10kg备用;
(2)先将90g普洱茶叶、100g香叶、90g桂皮、100g八角分别粉碎,再将100g植物油加热后先放入香叶碎片、桂皮碎片、八角碎片炒出香味,再放入230g辣椒粉和190g姜末进行炒拌1分钟,之后加入100g新鲜腌制液体,最后将普洱茶叶碎片混合制作成辅料;
(3)取10L水,然后加入900g食盐、530g黄腐酸钠、38g复合磷酸盐、4.8g异抗坏血酸钠,自然搅拌混溶,最后用陈醋调节pH值7制作成腌制液,将步骤(1)的鸽肉块放在腌制容器内,并从上往下淋入腌制液直至没过最上层肉块,然后置于4℃条件下密封腌制10小时,期间每隔2小时翻搅一次;
(4)将步骤(2)的鸽肉块取出晾干表面汁液;
(5)按质量比为10:1的比例将步骤(4)得到的鸽肉与步骤(2)得到的辅料混合均匀后一起放入坛子内,然后在14℃条件下密封保存12天;
(6)将步骤(5)的鸽肉块连同辅料和汁液按规格称重真空包装,高压杀菌,质检后即得成品,该低盐风味鸽肉的理化卫生指标检测结果如表1所示。
表4. 低盐风味鸽肉的理化卫生指标检测结果
传统腌制法制备的肉制品一般含盐量为8-12%,且保质期为4-6月,而本方法所有实施例的肉制品含盐量均低于5.5%,而保质期为8-10月。
Claims (1)
1.一种低盐风味家禽肉,由家禽肉经腌制液腌制以后加辅料制备得到,其特征在于:腌制过程中的腌制液配方为:每1L水中加85-110g食盐、45-55g黄腐酸钠、3-4g复合磷酸盐、0.4-0.5g异抗坏血酸钠,最后用陈醋调节pH值6.5-7.2,辅料由以下原料按质量百分比制备得到:普洱茶叶5-10%、香叶5-10%、桂皮5-10%、八角5-10%、姜末15-20%、辣椒粉20-25%、植物油8-10%、新鲜腌制液10-20%;
所述低盐风味家禽肉的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)取去头去脖去爪后的新鲜家禽肉,揉搓3-5分钟,然后用清水进行清洗,待表面沥干,备用;
(2)先将香叶、桂皮、八角、普洱茶叶分别粉碎,将植物油加热后先放入香叶碎片、桂皮碎片、八角碎片炒出香味,再放入辣椒粉和姜末进行炒拌1-2分钟,然后加入新鲜腌制液体,最后将普洱茶叶碎片混合后得到辅料,备用;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的家禽肉块放在腌制容器内,加入腌制液直至腌制液没过最上层肉块,然后置于2-4℃条件下密封腌制6-10小时,期间每隔2小时翻搅一次;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的家禽肉块取出晾干表面汁液;
(5)按质量比为7:1-10:1的比例将步骤(4)得到的家禽肉与步骤(2)得到的辅料混合均匀后一起放入坛子内,在10-15℃条件下密封保存10-15天;
(6)将步骤(5)得到的家禽肉块连同辅料和汁液按规格称重真空包装,高压杀菌,质检后得到风味家禽肉。
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